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';/
STU
II
v.-
THE
Public Schools of Philadelphia
HISTORICAL, BIOGRAPHICAL, STATISTICAL
BY-
JOHN TREVOR CUSTI8
1
PHILADELPHIA:
BUR'< & McFETRIDGE CO..
Publishers,
306-308 Chestnct Street.
1897.
fTTT ''
Tl
p:i!
221815B
I ..
. . 1^
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1397,
by
BuRK & McFktkidgb Co.,
in the OflBce of th^ ^.'■- :i*n of Congress at
V. . r..[ .T. ». C.
Preface
This work, as now presented to the public,
is the result of careful research and laborious
effort. While it is not to be expected that it
will escape criticism, the author would re-
spectfully call attention to the fact that it
fulfills to the letter the promise of the pros-
pectus, which was so highly endorsed when
it was circulated last spring.
It has been extremely difficult to obtain
many of the historical facts contained herein.
In manv Sections the records have been lost
or destroved. In others thev have never been
properly kept. With this poor and insufifi-
cient material to work from, we have with
difficulty compiled the necessary facts, except
in a few Sections, where we have been sub-
stantially aided by directors and others in
gathering absolutely essential data.
We believe that the method adopted, of
' giving the history of the schools under differ-
^ ent classifications, is a wise one. In the
-ogeneral history of the First School District of
^ Pennsylvania, which follows the introduction,
*^ we have not gone into detail concerning the
i history of individual schools, but have re-
^ served such for subsequent chapters.
5* In compiling this work we have not
5 deemed it within our province to make per-
^ sonal comment upon men or events. It has
been the aim to present facts and not to ad-
vance opinions.
For assistance in gathering the facts in-
cluded in this book our acknowledgments
are due to many persons. Among those to
whom we are especially indebted are Mr.
Henry W. Halliwell, Secretary of the Board
of Public Education ; Dr. Edward Brooks,
Superintendent of Schools ; Prof. George W.
Fetter, ex-Principal of the Girls' High
School; Mr. George H. CHff, Principal of the
Philadelphia Normal School for Girls, and
Harry S. Hopper, Esq., Historian of the Asso-
ciated Alumni of the Central High School.
Our warmest acknowledgments are due to
our most esteemed friend, Mr. Joseph D.
Murphy, of the Board of Public Education,
but for whose encouragement and practical
assistance we should probably never have
undertaken this work. It is no mere figure
of speech to add that we cannot find words
with which to adequately express our appre-
ciation of his friendlv offices.
To all our friends who have given us assist-
ance or encouragement in the preparation
of this work, we extend our hearty thanks.
JOHN TREVOR CUSTIS.
February i. 1897.
Introduction
It seems strange that with the expansion of
educational thought, and the marvelous de-
velopment of our public school system, there
have not before been collated such facts as
this volume now gives to the public. That
a historv' of the public schools of the first city
in the Commonwealth of Pennsvlvania has
long been needed is evidenced by the state-
ments made by members of the Board of
Public Education, who, in letters of endorse-
ment printed in the prospectus of this work,
have stated that it was only by giving much
time and effort to the task that they have
been able to obtain data for their own use and
that of their committees.
It is highly gratifying to know that the
wide dissemination of information, historical
and otherwise, regarding our public schools
is now not only a possibility, but an assured
fact. Every Philadelphian may well be proud
of our pubUc schools, and in telling the world
of their development and status we are telling
a story of the greatness of our city. Nor can
too high an estimate be placed on the impor-
tance of impressing upon our own citizens the
ever-increasing usefulness of our public
schools. For, strange as it may seem, there
are many who apparently do not realize the
completeness and excellence of our educa-
tional facilities.
Comparatively few of our citizens under-
stand the details of the administration of our
public school system, and fewer still realize
the vastness of the work which devolves upon
those who are engaged in educating the
youth of our city, and in thus laying the
foundations upon which shall be built the
structure of our future prosperity. It is well
that the time has come when a better concep-
tion of these things is made possible, and it
is with the greatest pleasure that I witness
the advent of this work, so well calculated to
fill a long existing need.
I trust that it may abundantly fulfill the
purposes of its publication and that it may
arouse within our citizens a greater pride and
a deeper interest in the public schools of
Philadelphia. Further than this, I hope
it may impress each reader with a
sense of responsibility touching the af-
fairs of public education, and inspire in each
a greater solicitude for the welfare of the chil-
dren of to-day, who are to be the men and
women of the future.
If these ends shall be accomplished they
will be amply repaid whose painstaking labor
has resulted in the pubUcation of this work,
while we who labor for education shall enter
upon the twentieth century with brighter
prospects of success, because of the added
encouragement which we shall thus receive.
Superintendent of Public Schools.
i
History of the First School District of
Pennsylvania
The history of the First School District of
Pennsylvania dates back to the year 1818,
when it was organized by an Act of Legisla-
ture, and the first free schools were estab-
lished. These early schools were not public
schools, how-ever. They were solely for the
instruction of children of the indigent. The
free school system of that day must not
be confounded with the public school system
of the present, which is maintained at great
cost by the citizens themselves for the educa-
tion of their children.
Prior to the year 18 18 meagre provision
was made by the State for the education of
its youth. The principal schools were pri-
vate, endowed institutions, which admitted a
limited number of indigent pupils free of
cost. Some of these private schools w^ere not
unimportant factors in the history of educa-
tion in Philadelphia, being the stepping
stones to the adoption of a system of public
schools. The establishment of the Friends'
Public School, now the William Penn Charter
School, Twelfth street, below Market, is
generally considered as one of the impor-
tant steps leading up to the establishment of
the public school system. It w^as opened in
1689 and chartered in 1697. It was con-
ducted by Quaker citizens, but received chil-
dren of every creed, giving gratuitous instruc-
tion, elementary and higher, to all indigent
children willing to receive it.
Another private institution deserving of
mention was the " Academv and Charitable
School of the Province of Pennsvlvania,"
which was the nucleus from which the great
University of Pennsylvania was developed.
This academy was organized by a Board of
Trustees, of which Benjamin FrankUn was
president, and w^as chartered in 1753. The
charity school was under the same manage-
ment, and in it the children of the poor were
educated free of cost.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR
FREE SCHOOLS.
The convention which revised the State
Constitution in 1789-90, amended the article
which provided for the establishment of free
schools, in which it was stated that the
masters w^ere to be paid such salaries as should
'' enable them to teach at low^ prices," to read
as follows : —
"The Legislature shall, as soon as conven-
iently may be, provide by law for the estab-
lishment of schools throughout the State, in
such a manner that the poor may be taught
gratis."
LEGISLATION FOR FREE
EDUCATION.
The Constitution of 1838 contained a
similar article, and this was the only constitu-
tional provision for free education up to the
year 1873.
With this as a basis a number of Acts of
Legislature were passed prior to 1818, provid-
ing for the education of poor children at the
public expense in existing schools. The
broadest of these acts was that of 1809,
which was supplemented, in 1812, with a pro-
vision which gave the County Commissioners
power to erect and establish schools under
the direction of Councils.
In the meantime the private and charity
schools, including Sunday schools, in which
children who worked during the week were
given secular as well as religious instruction
on Sunday, increased in number. Schools
were also organized by the various churches.
INCEPTION OF THE LANCASTERIAN
SYSTEM.
A few years before the law was passed
which provided for the organization of the
First School District of Pennsylvania, the
Lancasterian System was introduced into
some of the private schools of the city. The
system took its name from Joseph Lancaster,
who established it in England at the close of
the last century.
Joseph Lancaster was born in London,
November 27, 1778. He organized a school
in 1798, and as neither he nor the parents of
his pupils could afford to employ a sufficient
number of teachers to assist him, he conceived
the plan of making certain of the pupils moni-
tors to instruct other pupils. By this plan
one master supervised an entire school.
A LANCASTERIAN SCHOOL
ROOM.
The accompanying illustration showing the
inside view of a Lancasterian school is taken
from Wickersham's "History of Education in
Pennsylvania/' as is also the following ex-
planation of the cut: —
"The room represented in the engraving is
a Lancasterian school room, designed to ac-
commodate four hundred and fifty pupils,
divided into three classes, each class consist-
ing of three sections. The dotted lines rep-
resent curtains or movable partitions, sepa-
rating the room into three divisions. These
divisions consist of a gallery, with the seats so
arranged that those behind are higher than
those in front, for oral class or collective in-
struction; desks for writing, drawmg, etc., and
drafts, semi-elliptical forms, marked on the
floor, around which the pupils stand to receive
instruction from the monitors. From the
teacher's platform at one end of the room,
when the curtains are drawn, the whole school
can be overlooked. The figures i, 2 and 3
represent the position of the first class divided
into sections. A, B and C. The sections re-
cite simultaneously, and the arrows indicate
t ^ 6
t 4
D U C
:=) u c
/ * 7
:3 u c
I
ZZOL
INSmE VIEW OF A LANCASTERIAN SCHOOL ROOM
how the pupils change places at giv^en inter-
vals. The figures 4, 5 and 6, and 7, 8 and 9,
indicate in a similar way the position of the
other classes and sections. The monitors
stand at the open ends of the 'drafts/ and each
has charge at one time of about fifteen
pupils.''
Many schools conducted on the Lancas-
terian plan were established under the con-
trol and management of Lancasterian socie-
ties, organized by the disciples of Lancaster.
This system was introduced into American
schools during the first decade of the present
century, and was adopted by nianv of the
8
k t
* V
charity schools in Philadelphia before the
public schools were opened.
A FAMOUS SOCIETY'S WORK.
An organization in Philadelphia known as
the Society for the Promotion of Public
Economv, which aimed to ameliorate the con-
dition of the poorer classes, appointed, in
1816, a committee on public schools, of which
Roberts Vaux was made chairman. This
committee inquired into the workings of the
Lancasterian system and was largely instru-
mental in securing the passage of the law of
1818.
While the law of 1809, with its supplement
of 1812, authorized the erection and establish-
ment of schools, it was not until after the pas-
sage of the law of 1818 that buildings exclu-
sively for free schools were actually erected,
under the direction of a Board of Control.
The laws of previous dates simply paved the
way for the important legislation of 181 8
just as this act was in turn the forerunner of
the school laws on which the present system
is based.
CHARACTER OF THE EARLY
SCHOOLS.
Let it not be supposed that the schools of
1818 were public schools in the present sense
of the term. There were no public schools,
open to the rich and poor alike, until after the
law was amended in 1836. So great is the
distinction and so odious has become the idea
of free schools that the latter name, which is
frequently misapplied to the public schools of
the present day, is warmly repudiated by the
leaders in public school control.
THE ACT OF 1818.
By the Act of March 6, 1818, '*for the edu-
cation of children at public expense, within
the City and County of Philadelphia,'' the city
and county were to be known as the First
School District of Pennsylvania. The Dis-
trict was divided into four Sections, as fol-
lows: First Section, the city proper; Second,
Northern Liberties and Kensington; Third,
Moyamensing and Passyunk; Fourth, Penn
Township.
City Councils were empowered to elect
twenty-four directors, the Commissioners of
Northern Liberties twelve directors, and the
Commissioners of Southwark, Moyamensing
and Spring Garden six directors each. The
directors thus chosen were to elect one out
of everv six of their number to a central
board, which was to be organized under the
title, "The Controllers of the Public Schools
for the City and County of Philadelphia."
POWER OF CONTROLLERS AND
DIRECTORS.
The Controllers were empowered to deter-
mine the number and limit the expense of the
schools; to establish a Model School for the
purpose of qualifying teachers for the sec-
tional schools and for schools in other parts
of the State: to provide suitable books; to
have the superintendence of all schools in the
District and to make rules for their own gov-
ernment and for the District.
The directors were empowered to erect
and estabHsh schools, determined upon by the
Controllers; to appoint teachers; to provide
all things necessary for and to superintend
the schools; to meeet at least monthly and to
divide themselves into as many committees
as there were schools. They were to report
to the Controllers the state of the schools
every six months. They were to be allowed
no compensation, but were to be exempt as
jurors* arbitrators and overseers of the poor,
and from militia duty.
LANCASTERIAN SYSTEM
INTRODUCED.
The adoption of the Lancasterian system
was provided for in the schools of the First,
Second, Third and Fourth Sections, but it was
deemed inconvenient for the townships of Ox-
ford, Byberry, Moreland, Lower Dublin, Ger-
mantown, Bristol, Roxborough, Blockley and
Kingsess.
THE OUTLYING SECTIONS.
It was provided that the townships of
Lower Dublin, Byberry and Moreland were to
constitute the Fifth Section, and the Court of
Quarter Sessions was empowered to appoint
twelve directors: four for Oxford, four for
Lower Dublin and two each for Byberry and
Moreland. Germantown, Bristol and Rox-
borough were to constitute the Sixth Section,
with eight directors: four for Germantown
and two each for Bristol and Roxborough.
Blockley and Kingsess were to form the
Seventh Section, with five directors: three for
Blockley and two for Kingsess.
Provision was made for the establishment
of still other Sections in the future, through
the petition of taxpayers to the Court of
Quarter Sessions.
In the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Sections
the directors were empowered to superintend
the education of poor children, to determine
what children came under that head, and to
what schools they should be sent. Their
powers in all essential respects were identical
with those of the directors of the first four
Sections.
Provision was made for the employment of
assessors, when required by Controllers or di-
rectors, to receive the names of all indigent
orphan children or children of indigent
parents. The list was to include only boys
between six and fourteen years of age and
girls between five and thirteen. The assessors
were to inform the parents or guardians that
such children might be sent to school free of
expense. The children thus returned, if ap-
proved by the Controllers or directors, were
to be admitted to the schools.
BOARD OF CONTROL
ORGANIZED.
The first Board of Control was composed of
nine of the representative men of the city.
Roberts Vaux, Thomas Stewardson, Joseph
Reed and William Fry represented the First
Section; George Boyd and Peter Keyser, the
Second Section; Ebenezer Ferguson and
James Ronaldson, the Third Section, and
David Woelpper, the Fourth Section.
The Controllers were organized April 6,
1818, and elected Roberts Vaux president.
Willie Birnie was chosen secretarv. The
headquarters were in the City Hall. The
members lost no time in entering upon their
duties, and at once proceeded to establish
and open schools as follows: —
Adelphi School, Pegg's street, between
Front and Second, taught by John Ely and
Eliza Allison.
Kensington School, taught by Joseph Ket-
ler and Jane Proudfit.
Moyamensing School, organized in Paul
Beck's School House, taught by Peter
McGowan and Maria Wilson.
Southwark School, Commissioners' Hall,
Second street below Queen, taught by Samuel
F. Watson and Elizabeth Millard.
Spring Garden School, Buttonwood Lane,,
taught by Moses Taylor.
MODEL SCHOOL OPENED.
A Model School was next organized on
Chester street above Race, and was opened
December 21, 181 8. It was placed under the
charge of Joseph Lancaster, who had been in-
vited here to assist in operating the schools
under his own system. The Model School
building was the first school-house erected
bv the Board of Control.
THE FIRST YEAR.
At the close of the first vear the total nuni-
ber of pupils in the schools was 2,845, ^^f
whom 1,507 were boys and 1,338 were girls.
Both boys and girls were instructed in read-
ing, writing and arithmetic, and the girls were
also given instruction in needle work. The
schools were visited regularly by the Control-
lers and directors, who in their reports ex-
pressed themselves satisfied with the order
maintained and the evident moral iniluence of
the schools.
10
I?
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LmRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TIUJfiN KOUNOATION3
While they made an excellent beginning it
must not be supposed that the Controllers
entered upon their duties without a great deal
of difficulty. They had not the popular sym-
pathy and encouragement which is given to
their latter-day successors. President Vaux
spoke of the Controllers and their work in
his first annual report as follows: —
"They entered upon the discharge of their
official duties at a period and under circum-
stances by no means propitious to the experi-
ment contemplated to be made in the new
system of free public education. For nearly
ten years previous to the enaction of the law
ROBERTS VAUX.
under which they are organized, several well-
intended but inadequate and unsuccessful
legislative provisions had been applied to this
district for the free instruction of indigent
children. It was natural, in so far as *he
public mind had become familiar with the in-
efficiency and expensiveness of the plans
formerly adopted, that doubts of the success
and want of confidence in any untried scheme
should be manifest, whilst unworthy jealous-
ies and illiberal prejudices did not fail to
cast their influence into the scale against this
eflfort to produce reform.
"With these combined objections and diffi-
culties to encounter, the Controllers began
their labors, without (they confess) the ani-
mating expectation that in so short a space
of time they would have been enabled to over-
come them. Yet such is the gratifying re-
sult."
SCHOOL DIRECTORS OF 1818.
The directors, besides those who were
chosen to constitute the Board of Control
above named, were: —
First Section-
Robert Wharton,
Jonah Thompson,
John Sergeant,
Clement C. Biddle,
■ Joseph M. Paul,
Daniel B. Smith,
Thomas F. Learning,
Rev. Philip H. Mayer,
Jonathan Fell.
Daniel H. Miller,
WilHam Ashbridge,
Richard C. Wood,
William J. Duane,
Robert M. Lewis,
Joseph Cloud,
Thomas Latimer.
Reuben Haines,
William Smith,
Rev. D. Neil,
John Cla.xton.
Second Section —
John E. Brown,
Jesse Cleaver,
John Kessler,
William Binder,
Jacob G. Tryon,
George F. Goodman,
George Knorr,
John Harrison,
Jacob Johnson,
James S, Stuber.
Third Section —
Seventh Section-
Benjamin Martin,
Robert M'Mullin, Jn,
George C. Snyder,
George M'Leod,
John Turner,
Daniel Guiry,
Thomas Dixey,
James M'Cam,
Joshua Raybold,
John Lesher.
Fourth Section —
William Warner,
Georgfe Esher,
George Lautenslager,
Martin Ludie,
Joseph B. Norbury.
The directors appointed by the
Quarter Sessions for the outlying
were: —
Fifth Section —
Court of
Sections
John Keen,
John Lardner,
Nathan Harper,
Abraham Duffield,
Joshua Jones,
Samuel Swift,
William Maghee,
Benjamin Walmsley,
James Paul,
James Thornton,
Edward Duffield,
Jacob Shearer.
Sixth Section —
Samuel Harvey,
Samuel Johnson,
Joseph Bockius,
William Keyser,
John M. Williams,
Dr. George DeBenneville,
Horatio G. Jones,
Peter Robinson.
Samuel Breck,
Nathan Jones,
Joseph George,
William Hill.
James Bartram.
PROGRESS OF 1819.
During the year 18 19 it became necessar}
to procure lots and erect two new buildings
one on Lombard street for the children in the
southern part of the city and the other for th<
pupils in Kensington and part of the Distrid
of Northern Liberties. Bv the close of th<
year the total number of pupils had reachec
3,268, an increase of 423 over the preceding
year.
CONTEMPT FOR **CHARITY
SCHOOLS."
But already the general contempt in whid
the "charitv schools,'' as thev were called
were held, began to make its influence felt.
An effort was made bv President Roberts
Vaux, in his second annual report, to smooth
away this unpleasant conception. He said
"Individual admonition to parents on the
utility of sending their children to school, as
well as endeavoring to remove from theii
minds any prejudice which the illiberal and in-
terested may attempt to produce, by asserting
that the establishments under the law of the
State are merelv a reluctant charitv, woulc
essentially aid the important work. A just
conception of the design of the constitutior
and of the aims of philanthropy would rathei
authorize the opinion, that in making this
wise provision for education it \\as intendec
to gather every indigent child under the
parental wing and genial care of the Com-
monwealth.'*
In subsequent reports President Vaux re-
ferred again and again to this subject, show-
ing that it was one about which the school
Controllers felt greatly concerned.
»4
Another building was erected in Southvvark
in 1820 to accommodate the rapidly in-
creasing number of pupils. At the end of
this year the number in the public schools was
5,369, an increase of 2,101 over the preceding
year. But there was a great falling* off in
attendance in 1821, the annual statement at
the close of the year showing a total of only
2,969 pupils. This marked decrease in at-
tendance was commented upon by President
Vaux as follows : —
"Each successive vear confirms the utilitv
of the mode of instruction w^hich has been
adopted, and it is only to be regretted that
many parents w^hose children might be
brought under its auspices, remain regardless
of the advantages from the enjoyment of
which they criminally withhold their offspring.
* * * Within the last six months another
cause has operated to lessen the number of
our pupils. The increase of manufactories in
Philadelphia and its vicinity has produced a
great demand for the labor of young persons,
and has consequently withdrawn many chil-
<lren from the public schools."
COMPULSORY EDUCATION
FAVORED.
Following these statements was the first
suggestion on record that education be made
<^ompulsory in Philadelphia. It reads thus:
"Without wishing to interfere with subjects
not properly within the sphere of its office,
the Board would suggest the propriety of
adopting such legal restraints as should pre-
vent the employment of children in manufac-
tories until they shall have had an oppor-
tunity to obtain the rudiments of education
•
in the public schools, or require the proprie-
tors of all establishments of the kind alluded
to, to furnish moral and scholastic instruction
to the children engaged in those departments
of industr>\"
COLORED SCHOOL ESTABLISHED.
In the year 1822 the Board of Control
established on Mary street, in the First Sec-
tion, a school for the instruction of colored
youth. There were some doubts at first as
to the propriety and even as to the legality of
this step, but after careful consideration the
Controllers decided that they were justified
in establishing such a school. It opened with
over two hundred pupils and proved to be a
great success. A few years later a colored
school was opened in Northern Liberties.
DEFECTS IN THE SYSTEM.
Bv this time the defects in the Lancasterian
system were becoming more apparent. One
of the worst features was the incompetency of
the monitors. Almost as soon as the older
pupils were fitted to teach they were ready to
leave the schools, having completed the
course. This made it necessary to make
monitors of pupils who were not qualified to
teach.
With a view to improving these conditions,
the Controllers tried the experiment of train-
ing persons in the Model School for the duties
of permanent monitors or teachers. The
results were decidedlv satisfactorv.
INFANT SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED.
The establishment of infant schools, out of
which grew the prerent system of primary
schools, w'as authorized by an Act of Legis-
lature in 1828.* The idea of infant schools
was not a new one when the Act of 1828 was
passed. By w^hat were known as Infant
School Societies, and, in some cases, by pri-
vate individuals, schools for children under five
years of age had previously been organized.
The teaching in these schools, however, was
principally of a moral and religious nature.
The good results thus effected led to an
effort, which was successful, to have the
infant schools incorporated into the public
school svstem.
* ' * The said Controllers be and they are hereby authorized,
when they shall think proper, to establish schools for the
instruction of children under five years of age, and that the
money expended in the establishment and support of these
schools shall be provided for in the same manner as now, or
shall hereafter be directed by law, with respect to the other
public schools." From the Act of 1828.
xs
Four years elapsed before the Controllers
took any action under this act. In 1832
however, they established a Model Infant
School in one room set apart for the purpose
in the Model School Building on Chester
street. The school was placed in charge of
Anna Maria Williams.
The Controllers were so much gratified
with the success of the experiment that two
years later they opened infant schools in
rooms designated for the purpose in four of
the other schools, and these led the way to the
establishment, in 1836, of no less than thirty
primary schools.
RESIGNATION OF ROBERTS VAUX.
The latter part of the year 183 1 was marked
by the resignation of Roberts Vaux as presi-
dent and as a member of the Board of Control.
Mr. Vaux had been continued as president
since his election in 181 8, and his determina-
tion to give place to some one else was re-
ceived with deep regret by his colleagues in
the Board.
THOMAS DUNLAP ELECTED
PRESIDENT.
A successor to Mr. Vaux was at once
chosen in the person of Thomas Dunlap, who
had been a member of the Board since 1827,
and who proved most efficient in the office of
president.
The other members of the Board of Control
at the time of Mr. Dunlap's election were
William W. Fisher, John Steele, James
Gowen, Joseph Warner, John Oakford,
Morton McMichael, Jonathan Thomas,
Joseph Bockius, Evan W. Thomas, Jr.,
Alexander Parker and Charles Norris.
STEPHEN GIRARD'S BEQUEST.
In the first annual report of President
Dunlap he acknowledged in behalf of the
Board the bequest of $10,000 made to the
public schools by Stephen Girard. The
monev was invested and the income from it
or a part thereof is now used each year by the
various Sections for the purchase of library
books. Girard also provided in his will for
the establishment of funds to procure medals
for deserving pupils.
SCHOOLS USED AS HOSPITALS.
From 1832 to 1836 there was little of note,
aside from the erection of several school build-
ings and the establishment of more new
schools. During the summer of 1832, when
yellow fever was prevalent, the school-houses
were used for the accommodation and relief
of the sick.
The year 1836 marked the close of an
epoch in the history of the public schools.
The following year saw the opening of the
schools to rich and poor alike, and the aban-
donment of the Lancasterian system of in-
struction, which had come to be regarded as
extremely faulty and even pernicious.
THE SCHOOLS OF 1836.
As a matter of reference the following list
of the schools existing at the close of 1836 is
given : —
Model School.
Model Infant School.
First Section —
Locust Street School.
North Western School,
North Western Infant School,
South Eastern School,
South Eastern Infant School,
Lombard Street School (colored).
Schuylkill School.
Second Section —
Northern Liberties School,
Apple Street School (colored).
Third Section —
Southwark School,
Second Street School.
16
Fourth Section —
Penn Township School,
Fairmount School.
Ninth Section —
Moyamensing School,
Moyamensing Infant School.
Tenth Section —
Alarlborough Street School,
Master Street Schcol,
Master Street Infant School,
Twenty-six Primary Schools.
Among the pre-existing schools not in-
cluded in the above list was one in the Sixth
(Germantown) Section, and the Coates Street
School, both of which were closed in 1836.
It will be seen from the classification in the
above list that the bonndaries of the Sections
at this time were very different from what
they were in 1818, when, for instance, Moya-
mensing was included in the Third Section,
and all but four Sections were outside the city
proper. There were also a great many
changes in the personnel of the Board of Con-
trol and the various Boards of Directors.
Space will not permit an enumeration of these
changes.
The total number of pupils in the schools in
1836 was 7,127. This number included the
2,500 pupils in the twenty-six primary schools
above mentioned.
SCHOOL LAW OF 1836.
These facts bring the historian to the tran-
sition period of 1836-7, when a new school law-
went into effect. The question of the estab-
lishment of free schools for all the children of
the State had been before the Legislature for
several years. A free school law, superior in
many respects to all former legislation of
the kind, was enacted in 1834, and it was dur-
ing a hard fight in the Legislature against
the repeal of this law, in 1835, that Thaddeus
Stevens made his reputation as a friend of the
free schools.
The school law of 1836 was passed under
the title, "An Act to Consolidate and Amend
the Several Acts Relative to a General System
of Education by Common Schools." This
was not a supplement to the law of 1834, as
has sometimes been stated, although consider-
able material from the latter and previous
acts of Legislature was used in its construc-
tion. It was a new law and a great improve-
ment over all previous legislation of that kind.
The Act of 1836 may be regarded as the
corner-stone of the public school system.
Indeed, many of its important provisions are
^till in force. Regarding the formation of
THADDEUS STEVENS.
school districts, the election of school direct-
ors and their powers and duties, the organiza-
tion of school boards, the levying and collec-
tion of taxes for school purposes, and the
duties of the State Superintendent, the law
is substantially the same now as under the
Act of 1836.
In many other respects, however, this act
was faulty, as experience proved. It provided,
among other things, for the holding of elec-
tions in thevarious Districts every three years,
to give the people an opportunity tJ say by
vote whether there should be schools or no
schools during the three years following. It
fixed the minimum age for admission to the
public schools at four years.
FOR RICH AND POOR.
What especially distingiiislied the Act of
1836, and stamped it as an admirable piece of
legislation, was that it was the means of
doing away with the system of charity
schools, for the schools up to this time were
little better than charity schools. It elimi-
nated the distinction between rich and poor by
throwing open the doors to all children, of
whatever class or condition. The effect was
at once apparent, and from being looked npon
with contempt the public schools came to be
regarded with tlie highest respect.
"The stigma of poverty, once the only title
of admission to our public schools," said
MORTON McMICHAEL
President Dunlap, "has at the solicitation of
the Controllers been erased from our statute
books, and the schools of this city and county
are now open to every child that draws the
breath of life within our borders."
CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL CORNER-
STONE LAID.
In September of 1837 the corner-stone of
the Central High School, the establishment
of which was authorized by the above law.
was laid. During the previous year a com-
mittee of the Controllers, consisting of
George M. Justice, Morton McMichael, T. G.
Hollingsw^orth and President Thomas
Dunlap, had visited the schools of New York
and Boston, and had returned with ideas
which proved useful in the establishment of
the High School and the improvement of the
elementary schools.
LMPROVEMENTS EFFECTED.
The Lancasterian system having been abol-
ished, the number of teachers in the various
schools was greatly added to. The number
of pupils in the schools increased from a few
over 7,000 to 17.000 in a single year. Of this
number nearly 6.000 were pupils in sixty
])riniary schools. Several new buildings were
erected, and old buildings were enlarged and
renovated. The Model School was eutirelv
rebuilt and refurnished,
.\ BRKiHT OUTLOOK.
The year 1838 appears to have been a pro-
gressive and exceedingly satisfactory one in
the history of the public schools. In his an-
imal report at the beginning of 1839, Presi-
dent Dunlap said:- —
"The past school year has run its course in
undisturbed health, entire prosperity, abun-
dant means, augmented facilities, and. it is
confidently believed, in extended usefulness.
.\ marked and striking feature of improve-
ment is the general favor with which the sys-
tem is now received by the commmiity.
Long neglected, and almost unknown to our
citizens, it has quietly worked its way to
notice and approbation. Every successive ,
modification, suggested by this Board and
adopted by the Legislature, has. in practice,
evinced its own necessity and usefulness, and
instantly won the approval of all.
"Thus the change in the monitorial system,
as originally introduced into Lancasterian
schools, the release from many of the tram-
mels and impediments of that early and crude
plan, the employment, even at greater ex-
pense of assistant teachers, the salutary in-
fluence of female teachers in aid of the master,
in the boys' school, the infant schools and
OLD CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL,
'u'
1
.1
I
;\
TdL ritw YO!:;.
r'JDUC IJDRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AMD
TUJ3£M FOUMOAT10M8
21 L
primary schools at one end of the scale, and
the noble completion of a High School, pre-
senting facilities for full academical education,
all now bear the seal of successful and
triumphant experiment."
An event which made the year 1838 a mem-
orable one in school history was the comple-
tion and opening of the Central High School.
[See chapter on Central High School.]
PRESIDENTS FROM 1840 TO 1854.
January i, 1840, Thomas Dunlap was suc-
ceeded as president of the Board by George
M. Wharton, whose first term was of a year's
duration. From 1841 to 1844 Henry Leech
was president, and from 1844 to 1847 John
Miller held that office. Wharton was elected
president again in 1847, ^"^ remained in office
until 1850. He was succeeded by Daniel S.
Beideman, who was president until 1853, and
then Mr. Wharton once more took the chair
and remained president until January i, 1854.
HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS
CONTEMPLATED.
In 1840 a committee was appointed to look
into the advisability of establishing a High
School for girls. A Normal School for the
training of teachers was also thought of, for
although the Model School was originally in-
tended to serve this end, it had not answered
the purpose since the Lancasterian system
had been done awav with.
BACHE SUPERINTENDS THE
SCHOOLS.
In 1 84 1 Alexander Dallas Bache, Principal
of the Central High School, assumed tem-
porarily the duties of general superintendent
of the public schools, acting under the direc-
tion of the various Sectional Boards. At the
close of the year he made a report giving in a
general way the result of his observations.
PARSON'S ENCOMIUMS.
Appended to the annual report for 1842 was
a letter received bv the Board from A. V.
Parsons, State Superintendent of the Com-
mon Schools, who during the year had
visited the schools of Philadelphia in company
with Governor Porter. Extracts from the
letter follow: —
''I think the system of public education
adopted and now in actual operation in your
city and county one of the best w^hich is
known in any civilized country and perhaps
it excels anv other. * * *
"From an examination of your Central
High School * * * it gives me pleasure to
say that my anticipations of its excellence and
superiority were more than realized. * * *
I cannot avoid suggesting the propriety, nay,
the absolute necessity, of establishing a High
School upon the same plan as the present one,
for the education of females, giving to them
those high and equal advantages of a finished
education which are now enjoyed by the
males.''
A communication of a similarly encourag-
ing nature was received the following year
from Charles McClure, who succeeded Mr.
Parsons as State Superintendent of Common
Schools. Thereafter the different State Su-
perintendents continued to visit the schools
and report favorably upon their condition.
CONTROLLERS MADE A BODY
POLITIC.
By an Act of Legislature of April 16, 1845,
the Controllers were made a body politic
under the name of "The Controllers of the
Public Schools of the First School District of
Pennsylvania," and all the property held for
school purposes in the county was vested in
them as a corporate body.
NORMAL SCHOOL ORGANIZED.
The Model School was reorganized and con-
verted into a Normal School February i,
1848. The object of the school was ''th?
thorough training of the pupils in the
branches taught in the public schools, with
reference to teaching them." The School of
21
Observation and Practice was established the
same year.
STATISTICS OF 1850.
The middle of the century found the schools
growing rapidly. In reviewing their progress
it may be well to pause and note a few figures.
In June, 1850, the number of schools in the
District was 2,560. There were yzy teachers
and 45,383 pupils. The schools were desig-
nated as follows: i High School, i Normal
School, 53 Grammar. 29 Secondary. 130 Pri-
mary and 40 unclassified schools. They were
under the direction of 23 controllers and 210
directors, scattered through the eleven Sec-
tions into which the District was then
divided.
NIGHT SCHOOLS OPENED.
At the beginning of 1850 the Controllers
resolved to open night schools in each of the
Sections for male adults, the same having been
authorized by an act of March 12, 1842. Thus
w^as started one of the most important fea-
tures of public school life. The attendance
by the beginning of 1855 had reached over
50,000.
In 1853 the brick building at Broad anci
Green streets was erected for the Central High
School. A new building was also erected for
the Normal School on Sergeant street above
Ninth.
ACT OF CONSOLIDATION.
The Act of Consolidation, approved Feb-
ruary 2, 1854, which un.'ted all the boroughs
and villages of Philadelphia County into one
municipality, provided that each ward in Phil-
adelphia should constitute a school section.
The directors in each Section were empow^-
ered to elect one of their number a Controller
for a term of one vear. Bv this act all school
property was vested in the City of Philadel-
phia.
FIRST BOARD OF CONTROL AFTER
CONSOLIDATION.
The members of the Board of Controllers
in 1854-5 were: —
First Section — William H. Sickels.
Second Section — James W. T. McCallister.
Third Section — Alexander Greaves.
Fourth Section — George P. Mercer.
Fifth Section — George M. Wharton.
Sixth Section — Joseph T. Thomas.
Seventh Section — Samuel Ashmead.
Eighth Section — Thos. G. Hollingsw^orth.
Ninth Section — William Curran, M. D.
Tenth Section — Benjamin M. Dusenbery.
Eleventh Section — Samuel Taylor.
Twelfth Section — Charles J. Sutter.
Thirteenth Section — George P. Henszey.
Fourteenth Section — Edw^in Booth.
Fifteenth Section — Andrew^ H. Manderson.
Sixteenth Section — Charles Cline.
Seventeenth Section — George W. Burr.
Eighteenth Section — Edward W. Gorgas.
Nineteenth Section — Saml. S. Warthman.
Twentieth Section — James Peters.
Twenty-first Section — Nathan L. Jones.
Twenty-second Section — Spencer Roberts,
Twenty-third Section — Henry Herbert.
Twenty-fourth Section — Benj. F. Warren.
PRESIDENTS FROM 1854 TO 1869.
From 1854 to 1857 Thomas G. Hollings-
worth was president of the Board of Control-
lers. His successors were William J. Reed,
1857-9; Henry Bumm, 1859-61; Benjamin M.
Dusenberry, 1861-2; Leonard R. Fletcher,
1862-4, and Edward Shippen, 1864-69.
POOR CONDITION OF SCHOOL-
HOUSES.
In 1856 the Controllers became impressed
with the necessity of improving and enlarging
the school buildings, and the City Councils
were asked to appropriate $150,000 for this
purpose. The report made to Councils in
that vear l)v its Committee on Schools
22
graphically described the then existing condi-
tions. The report is interesting, as showing
the contrast between school accommodations
then and now. Extracts from it follow: —
*The location of the school-houses near the
Delaware front will soon have to be changed;
only such repairs as cannot be avoided, there-
fore, have been recommended to be made in
these localities. But with regard to the re-
pairs of those houses wdiich are permanentlv
located, the representations of the directors
were found to be correct in the main. 'S* * ^'
In manv houses there was found but one
flight of stairs. * * * The arrangements
for heating many of the establishments were
found verv faultv; not onlv was the heat in-
sufficient in quantity but bad in ciuality.
Frequently the schools have to be dismissed
for want of warmth; end at all times, in some
of the schools, teachers and scholars are
troubled with coughs and headaches occa-
sioned by the poisoned atmosphere of the
rooms. * * *
"Three years have been allowed to pass by
without a single new school-house having
been constructed; and this, notwithstanding
the rapid growth of our population, and the
cheerfulness with which the school tax is paid
by most of our citizens. So many thousands
of children are clamoring for admission into
our schools, and the room is so circumscribed
that temporary arrangements have had to be
niade, and, certainly of very questionable
economy as regards the health of the pupils,
and of questionable propriety as regards the
safetv of life and limb. A small two-storv
house on Juniper street above Race is made
to accommodate (?) some 125 children. - * *
In Filbert street over 250 pupils are cooped up
in the second and third-story rooms of the
building, the lower floors of which are oc-
cupied by car])enters, coach makers, coopers
and a camphene establishment."
Notwithstanding the pressure brought to
bear upon the city authorities with the view to
obtaining additional funds for the schools, it
appears from the records that, owing to the
condition of the city's finances, only one new
school-house was erected in 1857, at a cost of
$3,500.* The lack of good, well-ventilated
school-houses began to be more severely felt,
too. during this year, as the attendance was
increased by nearly 2,500 pupils, and it was
believed that the number would be swelled by
an increase of many thousands were there
sufficient and suitable school accommoda-
tions. Some 3,300 children were represented
as waiting for admission until such time as
they could be accommodated.
GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL OPENED.
In June, 1859, the Normal and Model
Schools were abolished by a resolution of
the Board of Control, and a Girls' High
School was organized in their stead. It was
opened August 29, and embraced all the
studies of the former Normal School, with
new and enlarged departments. The last two
years of the course were set apart for the
training of teachers.
NEW BUILDINGS OBTAINED.
In 1861 four new school buildings were
erected under the direction of the Control-
lers, three more were built bv private parties
and rented to the Board, and a church build-
ing was fitted up for school purposes. Dur-
ing the next few years more new buildings
were erected, and while the country was in
the midst of the Civil War the public schools
♦ At this point let it be noted that the position then taken
by City Councils regarding expenditures for public school
purposes has been maintained very much through all the inter-
vening time up to the present day. The Board of Public
Education each year reiterates the growing, pressing needs
of the public school system. It is represented now, as It was
in 1857, that if the amount appropriated by the State could be
devoted exclusively to the erection of new school-houses, the
demand for which is constantly increasing, there would be no
difficulty in maintaining adequate school accommodations.
P^ach year after these representations are made to City Coun-
cils, the estimate of expense presented by the Board is cut
down to a most alarming extent, some of the most important
items often being reduced one-half. Thus the Board of Pub-
lic Education is continually in the position of supplicant,
crying for more and yet more money. The necessity of
taking steps to provide the necessary funds for the education
of all the children in Philadelphia is freely admitted by the
members of City Councils, who have again and again within
recent years expressed their regret that more could not be
done for the schools and have then deliberately voted to
reduce the appropriation, including even the items for repairs
and new buildings.
?3
in this city appeared to progress quite ;
satisfactorily as in foniier years.
expressly conferring
Board."
SHIPPEN 0\ THE QUALIFICATIONS
Ol- TEACHERS.
Edward Shippen was elected president of
the Board in 1864. The subject of the quali-
fications of teachers began to be earnestly dis-
cussed about this time, and in his annual re-
port, presented at tlie beginning of the year
1865, President Shippen said: —
"The Board of Control having, by law. the
general supervision of the schools, the char-
acter of the studies, etc., etc., have deemed
it within their province to regulate the sub-
ject of qualification of teachers in such a
EDWARD SHIPPEN.
manner as will best conduce to the public
good, * * * The Board of Control in no
wise desire to interfere with the right of
directors to select and elect their own teach-
ers, but they feel compelled to exercise their
supervisory powers when they find that a
practice prevails in a few Sectional Boards of
electing teachers with little or no regard to
their qualifications — from motives of favorit-
ism or from affinity. * * *
■'The power of the Controllers to examine
into the qualifications of those who seek ap-
pointments as teachers in our schools having
been questioned, the Legislature at the pres-
ent session has placed all doubts at rest by
ACT OF FEBRUARY 17, 1865.
The act referred to. by which the Board was
given authority to determine the qualification
of teachers, was approved February 17, 1865,
Following are its provisions: —
■"Tlie Controllers of Public Schools of the
First School District of Pennsylvania shall
establish a sy.stem for the examination and
qualification of all persons who may desire to
become teachers in the public schools of said
District: the said examinations to be held at
sucli time and places, and under such system,
rules and regulations, as the said Controllers
shall from time to time adopt,
"Xo person shall, from and after the passage
of this act, be elected to the position of
teacher in any of the public schools of said Dis-
trict by any of the Sectional Boards of school
directors within the same unless such person
shall have been found duly qualified for the
position to which he or she shall have been
elected, nor unless he or she shall have received
a certificate of qualification, duly issued by
the authority of said Controllers, after his
or her examination provided for in the first
section of this act. Provided, the exclusive
right of the several Sectional Boards of school
directors within said District to elect the
teachers of their respective Sections shall be
and remain unimpaired, except in so far as
the same is qualified by this act.*
"It shall be the duty of the several Sectional
Boards of school directors within said District
to certify to the said Controllers, within
thirty days from the passage of this act, a
complete list of the names and grades of all
teachers in the respective Sections who had
been duly elected as such prior to the passage
of this act. which said list shall be, within
•"The Sectional Boards have the exclusive power of
appointing teachers, subject only to the restriction thai
persons appointed shall be duly qualified. The Board of
'ilic Education cannot refuse to confirm a leacher ap|)ointed
sixty days from the passage of this act, duly
certified by said Controllers under their com-
mon and corporate seal to the Controller of
the City of Philadelphia.
**It shall be the duty of the directors of the
public schools of the several Sections in like
manner, from time to time, to certify to the
Controllers of the public schools of said Dis-
trict the names and grade of all persons quali-
fied as aforesaid who shall hereafter be elected
to the position of teacher in said District,
which said names and grades shall also be cer-
tified by said Controllers to the said City Con-
troller.''
SHIPPEN ON TEACHERS'
SALARIES.
The increasing and grading of teachers' sal-
aries was seriously considered about the time
the above law went into effect. In view of
the recent discussion as to the relative salaries
paid to men and women teachers, another ex-
tract from President Shippen's first report is
of interest : —
"In this District all the teachers are
females, except the Principals of boys' gram-
mar and some unclassified schools, and we
have reason to congratulate ourselves on
having a corps of teachers so worthy and ca-
pable as those now in our service.
"It has ever been the case that female labor
has failed to obtain a just appreciation in com-
panson with male labor. The work per-
formed by females, just as well, faithfully and
effectively executed as when performed by
"lales, has not been fairly estimated or com-
pensated.
"For instance, take the duties of a female
Principal of a grammar school and compare
them with those of a male Principal. They
^re identical, and both well performed. The
one receives double the pay of the other. Is
this fair? Is it right? Some reply very
speciously that the males have families to pro-
vide for and that their expenses are hence
larger. If compensation is to be measured
oy home demands, or by the extent of a
man's family, we must adopt a sliding scale.
We must examine closelv into the demands
of every teacher's family, and his salary, by the
same reasoning, must be increased for every
addition to his familv and diminished for
every death. May not the female teacher
have her aged mother to care for? May she
not be the sole stay and support of an infirm
father and a father's family? May she not,
too, have a thousand home demands, as men
have? The argument for the increase of
salaries of male teachers and kindly letting
salaries of females remain just where they are
is simply absurd."
CURRICULUM LIGHTENED.
About this time there was a great deal of
talk concerning the *'undue pressure" on the
pupils in the public schools, and the curricu-
lum was lightened somewhat in response to
the popular outcry.
COMPULSORY EDUCATION
FAVORED.
Compulsory education was favored by
President Shippen in his annual report for the
year 1865: ^'Wholesome laws for compul-
sory education/' he said, **have been enacted
elsewhere with marked success, and may we
not follow in the improved track? The sub-
ject is a delicate one for legislation, and yet
for such a reason it should not be avoided.
We need truant laws, authorizing the ap-
pointment of truant officers, as well as a care-
fully devised and judiciously arranged system
of compulsory education."
Mr. Shippen, all of whose reports were full
of happy suggestions and recommendations,
said in the same year: —
"It may seem an idle dream, but neverthe-
less it is a dream of those who have watched
the progress of education in this country, and
the tide of events, that the time is not distant
when a gigantic National High School shall
be organized to receive, educate and perfect,
at Government expense, so far as men may
25
perfect, those whom God has endowed with
peculiar talent for art, science or literature,
rich and poor alike: that this school shall
have within its scope, science in all its depths
and in everv branch, and art in all its varied
forms, and not the least among these paint-
ing, statuary and music, to the end that
America shall have no rival; that her people
mav have no need to send her talented sons
and daughters to foreign lands for the full
development of the choice treasures which
Providence had showered upon them; and
that America may be w^hat Europe is, the seat
of art, literature and science, and add to it,
withal, we trust, morality/'
TEACHERS' SALARIES
INCREASED.
An increase of 20 per cent, w^as made in
1866 in the salaries of the teachers receiving
$450 and under, and 10 per cent, in all salaries
over that amount.
In this year $1,000,000, wdiich had been
appropriated for the erection of new school-
houses in 1865, was divided among the Sec-
tions, and the erection of twentv-one new
school buildings was begun.
METHOD OF APPOINTING CON-
TROLLERS ALTERED.
By an act approved in iVpril, 1867, the Leg-
islature changed the mode of appointment of
Controllers, establishing the system now' in
operation, of appointment by the judiciary.
Previous to this time the Controllers were
electcvl bv the various Boards of Directors.
CONTROLLERS OF 1868.
The members of the Board of Controllers
in 1868 were: —
First Section — A. S. Jenks.
Second Section — Andrew Nebinger, M. D.
l^hird Section — Washington J. Jackson.
Fourth Section — P. A. Fagen.
Fifth Section — Lewis C. Cassidv.
Sixth Section — M. R. Harris.
Seventh Section — John Samuel.
Eighth Section — Edward Shippen.
Ninth Section — ^James Freeborn.
Tenth Section — ^John Price Wetherill.
Eleventh Section — James S. Hinkel.
Twelfth Section — M. Hall Stanton.
Thirteenth Section — John B. Green.
Fourteenth Section — Albert C. Roberts.
Fifteenth Section — John W. Clark.
Sixteenth Section — Stephen H. Smith.
Seventeenth Section — J. Macavoy, M. D.
Eighteenth Section — Charles M. Lukens.
Nineteenth Section — Stephen Taylor.
Twentieth Section — Henrv C. Hickok.
Twenty-first Section — Wm. B. Stephens.
Twenty-second Section — Edw. Armstrong.
Twenty-third Section — ^John G. Brenner.
Twenty-fourth Section — Norris J. Hoffman
Twenty-fifth Section — Jas. H. MacBride.
Twentv-sixth Section — Charles Harmer.
Twentv-seventh Section — Danl. Steinmetz.
Twenty-eighth Section — Chas. F. Abbot.
SENIOR CLASSES ESTABLISHED.
In 1867 senior classes were established in
the grammar schools, being designed chiefly
for such pupils as did not enter the higher
schools. Their purpose was to fit the pupils
for business life. They were not a very great
success and were not long continued.
TEACHERS' INSTITUTE
ORGANIZED.
Another important event of this year was
the organization of the Teachers* Institute.
[See chapter on Teachers' Institute.]
CONTROLLERS AND COUNCILS
AGALN.
Lender the head of ''Relative Duties and
Rights of Controllers and Councils/' Presi-
dent Shippen made a statement in his annual
report for 1867, of which certain parts have
been quoted hundreds of times since, having
appeared frequently in the public press within
26
the past few years. Extracts from this state-
ment follow: —
"There seems to be in the public
mind an idea that the Councils of
the City of Philadelphia have in
some form or shape a supervisory con-
trol over the educational affairs of the city.
This is a great and serious error, and the sooner
it is made manifest to the public mind, and to
Councils also, the better it will be for the
interests of our schools. The Board of
School Controllers is not a department of the
city government, as the Highway Dei)art-
ment, for instance, is. This Board Ijy law
makes no report to Councils as does the
Highway Department. Its members do not
hold their appointments from Councils. The
Councils of the City of Philadelphia are elected
pursuant to the Act of Consolidation. The
Controllers hold their appointments pursuant
to a supplement to the Act of Consolidation;
and therefore it is justly said that each holds
appointment pursuant to the will of the peo-
ple as expressed through the Legislature.
"Each has its own exclusive privileges, its
own exclusive powers, its own exclusive juris-
diction, its own exclusive duties, and its own
heavy and exclusive responsibiHties. The
Councils are not responsible to the School
Board for their actions, nor is the School
Board responsible to Councils. Councils and
the School Board are alike responsible to the
people. The Councils of the City of Phila-
delphia have no more right to instruct the
Board of School Controllers in respect to
educational affairs than has the Board of
School Controllers the right to instruct
Councils in regard to details of municipal
management. In all respects, save one, they
^re utterly and entirely independent of each
other and they should be so. This one ex-
ception is with reference to finances. The
power of levying taxes has since consolida-
tion been given directly to the City Councils,
and they are charged with the duty of includ-
ing in the levy so much as will 1^ requisite for
the public schools. * * *
"It has been well said by the Supreme
Court in the case of Johnson's Appeal, 1 1
Wright, 384: 'From an examination of the
Acts of Assemblv to which our attention has
been directed in this case, it is apparent that
everything pertaining to public schools, within
the City and County of Philadelphia, has been
committed to the Board of Controllers, ex-
cepting only the public purse, which has been
kept carefully in the hands of the City Coun-
cils. The Controllers have power to establish
schools, to provide school books, make rules
and regulations, to appoint teachers and fix
their salaries, but have no rieht to raise or
approj)riate revenues. The Legislature of
the citv was not a bodv fitted to descend into
the minute details of the svstem and to meas-
ure out the exact sum each teacher was to
receive, but they could classify the general
objects of the expenditure, of which teachers*^
salaries would be one, leaving to the Control-
lers the sub-divisions of the sums appropriated
to that object among the several individuals
entitled to share it.' * * *
**The decision in the case of Johnson's Ap-
peal, before referred to, holds that Councils
have the right to fix the gross amount which
the Controllers shall expend for teachers' sal-
aries and that the Controllers alone have the
power of sub-division of the same. * * *
*The foregoing statement is not made in a
spirit of fault-finding, but as a matter of justi-
fication. It is not designed to imply for an
instant that the Councils of Philadelphia, as
bodies, are opposed to universal education, or
that they purposely endeavor to impede this
co-ordinate branch of city government, be-
cause the communitv has reason to con-
gratulate itself on many acts of liberality
on the part of Councils toward public edu-
cation. * * But we do submit that there
is not sufficient deference paid to the de-
mands of this Board; that this Board is
the best judge of the public need in re-
spect to educational affairs, and that the
time is at hand when some legislative
action is imperatively needed to enable this
27
Board to carry out its measures without let
or hindrance."
CENSUS OF CHILDREN' TAKEN.
In March, 1867, at the request of the Board
of Controllers, Morton McMichael, who was
mayor of the city, caused a census of children
between the ages of six and eighteen to be
taken by the police. The figures thus ob-
tained were considered inaccurate, as in many
cases it was impossible to get the desired
information. The total number of children,
according to this census, was 142,517, of
whom 70,674 were boys and 71,843 were girls.
There were 76,419 children in the public
schools at the close of 1867.
PROGRESS MADE IN 1868.
The work accomplished by the Board in
1868 was summarized by President Daniel
Steinmetz, who was the chief executive officer
in 1869. as follows: "A thorough reorganiza-
tion of divisions, a careful examination and re-
duction of text-books, a classification of all
unclassified schools, the formation of a new
code for the qualification of teachers, the
adoption of a new set of laws and rules for the
government of the Board and the schools,
and the completion of twenty-one new school
buildings, at a cost of $272,866.65."
BUILDING INSPECTOR ELECTED.
At thetime the twenty-one school buildings
above mentioned were being erected, the office
of inspector of school buildings was created,
and Lewis H. Esler was chosen to fill this
position. He had a supervision over all the
building operations, similiar to that now ex-
ercised by the architect of the Board. His
title was changed the following year to "Su-
perintendent of Public School Buildings and
Repairs." This was virtually the establish-
ment of the Architect's Department,
STUDY OF MUSIC INTRODUCED.
An appropriation of $6,000 was made in
1869 for the purpose of introducing instruc-
tion in vocal music into the public schools.
On May 8th of that year an examination was
held at the Normal School, and nineteen
young women out of thirty-nine who pre-
sented themselves secured averages which
enabled the Board to confer upon them certifi-
cates of proficiency to teach. On May 24th
instruction in music was begun in all the
grammar and secondary schools, one lesson
being given each week. Professor Louis was
appoiute<l Superintendent of Music.
M. HALL STANTON.
ARTISANS' NIGHT SCHOOL
OPENED.
The Artisans' Night School was opened on
the evening of November 2, 1869. [See
chapter on Night Schools.]
NAME OF THE BOARD CHANGED.
The name of the Board of Controllers was
changed by an Act of Legislature, approved
March 15, 1870, to the Board of Public Edu-
cation of the First School District of Pennsyl-
vania,
M. Hall Stanton was elected president o'.
the Board January i, 1870, and served for
seven vears.
An act to prevent frequent changes in text-
books was passed by the Legislature in 1871.
TWENTY-XINTH SECTION
FORMED.
By the division of the Twentieth Ward, in
1 87 1, the Twenty-ninth Ward was formed,
and James Long was made Controller for the
Twenty-ninth Section. The Twentieth Ward
had in January, 1869, been divided into two
school sections, and was represented by two
Controllers from that time until the for-
mation of the new ward out of the western
part of the Twentieth. From 1869 to 1872
Peter A. B. Widener represented the Twen-
tieth Section west.
THEORY OF MUSIC TAUGHT.
At a meeting of the Board of Public Educa-
tion in February, 1872, resolutions were
adopted providing that under the supervision
of the Superintendent of Music the theory of
music should be introduced into the schools,
and taught by the regular teachers for periods
of fifteen minutes, twice each week. The
theory of music was made a subject of ex-
amination at the semi-annual examination for
promotion in all grades.
COMPULSORY EDUCATION AGAIN
FAVORED.
Another plea for compulsory education was
made by President M. Hall Stanton in his
report covering the year 1873: ''While there
are many repugnant features to a compulsory
law," he said, '*it seems to be the only efficient
means for the redemption of the thousands
of children of this city who are drifting into
the first stage of a criminal career, vagabond-
ism."
GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL BUILDING
ERECTED.
At the close of 1873 Councils passed an or-
dinance creating a loan of $1,000,000 for
additional lots and school buildings. Out of
this appropriation the Board purchased a lot
at Seventeenth and Spring Garden streets,
and erected a building for the Normal School.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION FOR
PUBLIC EDUCATION.
The State Constitution of 1873 contained
the following article in reference to public
education: —
"Section i. The General Assembly shall
])rovide for the maintenance and support of a
tliorough and efficient system of public
schools, wherein all the children of this Com-
monwealth above the age of six years may be
educated, and shall appropriate at least one
million dollars each year for that purpose.
*'Sec. 2. No money raised for the support of
the public schools of the Commonwealth shall
be appropriated to or used for the support of
any sectarian school.
"Sec. 3. Women twenty-one years of ag-e
and upwards shall be eligible to any office of
control or management imder the school laws
of this State.''
UNIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS
ESTABLISHED.
An important event of the year 1875 was an
arrangement made between the University of
Pennsylvania and the city by which fifty free
scholarships in that institution were per-
manently established for the benefit of public
school pupils. A similar arrangement was
made the next year with the Philadelphia
School of Design for Women, and, in 1880,
with the Pennsvlvania Museum and School
of Industrial Art.
TWO MORE NEW SECTIONS.
Two new^ wards were formed in 1875, the
Thirtieth, which was previously part of the
Twenty-sixth, and the Thirty-first, taken from
the Nineteenth. The Controllers appointed
for the two new Sections w^ere WilHam J.
Pollock and James Milligan, Jr.
29
OFFICE OF THE BOARD.
In 1876 the office of the Board of PuhHc
Education was removed from the Atlienaeum
Building, at Sixth and Adeiphi streets, where
it had been for many years, to the present
quarters in the school-house on Filbert street
above Seventh.
CEXTEXNIAL YEAR.
DuringtheCeiitennialExposition the pubhc
schools received no little notice from visitors
from other cities and other countries. "Amid
the vast concourse of people," said President
Stanton in reviewing the year, "who visited
Philadelphia during the Centennial period,
were very many distinguished ladies and
gentlemen who are recognized as leaders iu
the cause of popular instruction in tliis and
foreign countries. England. Germany, Rus-
sia, Austria and the smaller ti,uropean states,
as well as the older but less advanced govern-
ments of Asia, sent commissioners to make
special' study of the conmion and collegiate
systems of training observed in the United
States; and our city, with her extended chain
of free schools and higher institutions of learn-
ing, presented them a most favorable field for
their labor. Our method of gratuitous
popular instruction was conceded by all to be
one of the best, if not the very best, exponents
of the general common school system adopted
in this country, and which, in the estimation of
foreign nations, has been most potential in
raising it to its enviable position of enlight-
ened citizenship."
NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING
DEDICATED.
The most important event of centennial
year was the completion and dedication of
the new Normal School (now the Girls' High
School) building, at Seventeenth and Spring
Garden streets. The dedicatory exercises
were held on the evening of October 30th.
In 1877 James Long succeeded M. Hall
Stanton as president of the Board of Public
Educatic
years.
He continued in office for two
A REVISION OF STUDIES.
.\ joint committee consisting of the
Committees on University, Revision of
Studies, Central High School and
Girls' Normal School, in 1 877, took
into consideration the subject of a
readjustment of the course of study in the
elementary schools. They were aided by
members of the Board of Public Trusts, the
Franklin Institute and the Peimsylvania
Museum, beside teachers and other persons
interfiled in popular education. The joint
EDWARD T, STEEL,
committee consisted of Richardson I,.
Wright, Simon Gratz. Dr. .\ndrew Nebinger.
Charles F. Abbot, James S. \\'liitney. Alex-
ander .\daire, James H. MacBride, George W.
Cox, James Freeboni, Thomas R. Davis, Dr.
M. P. Hutchinson, M. Hall Stanton, Edward
T. Steel and John M. Campbell. They ar-
ranged a revised course of study and sub-
mitted it to the Board in November, 1877. It
was adopted and soon after put into opera-
STEEL BECOMES PRESIDENT.
Edward T. Steel was elected president of
the Board January i, 1879, and for ten years
^Q^^
M^^^^''
thereafter performed the duties of that office
with energy and intelligence.
NEW SALARY SYSTEM ADOPTED.
The most important work of the year 1879
was the adoption of a new basis and system
for the payment of teachers' salaries. Prior
to that time salaries were paid accordiu";- to
the grade, the smallest pay being given to
the teacher instructing in the lowest primary
grade, with higher compensation to teachers
of each advancing grade. By this new system
compensation was based mainly upon the
length of service, as at present.
DEPARTMENT OF SUPERINTEND-
ENCE ORGANIZED.
In April, r88i. the Board of Public Educa-
tion decided "that skilled specialists in the
science of education were necessary to super-
intend and supervise the schools." An ap-
propriation was granted by Councils for the
purpose, and the Department of Superintend-
ence was created. It was organized by the
election of Professor James MacAHster, now
president of the Drexel Institute, as Superin-
tendent, and .\ndrew J. Morrison, James F. C.
Sickel, Lydia A. Kirby and May Haggen-
hotham as assistants.
SUGGESTIONS MADE BY
MR. STEEL.
In his report for 1879 President Steel urged
the appointment of Supervising- Principals,
and also suggested that assembly rooms be
provided, wherever possible, in the schools
He also advocated the need of a competent
Superintendent of Schools.
IMPROVEMENTS IX SCHOOL
BUILDINGS.
In 1879 the first fire-proof stairways, a
feature of school buildings required by ordi-
nance of City Councils, passed in May, 1877,
were placed in the new school buildings.
Marked improvements in the general con-
struction of school buildings followed. Ad-
dison Hutton, a leading architect, prepared
plans tor a number of school-hou.ses arranged
in accordance with modern ideas as to light,
ventilation and safety.
SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART
ESTABLISHED.
By permission of the Board ol Public Edu-
cation the Public School of Industrial Art was
established as an experiment, in 1880, by
Charles G. Lelaiid, in a public school building.
[See chapter on the School of Industrial Art.]
TEACHING OF SEWING
INTRODUCED.
The teaching of sewing was begun in the
pubHc schools in 1881, when it was introduced
in the Normal School. This study was in-
cluded in the course adopted in 1879, but sew-
ing was not taught in the elementary schools
until December, 1884, when eleven special
teachers were engaged and detailed to teach
in the secondary and grammar schools of
nine Sections. The experiment proved so
successful that instruction in sewing was soon
begun in all the girls' grammar schools.
MANUAL TRAINING SCHOOL
ESTABLISHED.
In 1884 Councils made an appropriation
for manual training, and in September, 1885,
a Manual Training School was established as
a part of the public school system. Philadel-
phia was the second city in the United States
to organize such a school, Baltimore having
taken the lead. [See chapter on the Manual
Training Schools.]
SUPERVISING PRINCIPALS'
EXAMINATION.
In May, 1885, the first examination for the
Supervising Principal's Certificate was held.
Thirty-two candidates attended, of which
number twenty-three were successful. In
February of the following year nineteen
schools were reorganized and placed under the
charge of Supervising Principals.
TRANSFER OF FREE KINDER-
GARTENS.
Free kindergartens had already been estab-
lished through private contribution and had
been controlled by an organization known as
the Sub-Primary School Society. In Jan-
uary, 1887, these kindergartens, thirty-two in
number, passed from under the direction of
the society to the Board of Public Education.
Miss Constance Mackenzie was elected
Director of Kindergartens.
INSTRUCTION IN COOKING
INTRODUCED.
Cooking was added to the curriculum of the
Girls' High School in 1887, and cooking
schools for girls in the grammar grades were
subsequently opened. There are now seven
of these schools: Edward Shippen School,
Cherry street above Nineteenth street; James
Forten School, Sixth street above Lombard
street; Rutledge School, Seventh and Norris
streets; U. S. Grant School, Seventeenth
and Pine streets; George G. Meade School,
Eighteenth and Oxford streets; Newton
School, Ludlow street below Thirty-s
Jackson School, Twelfth and Federal st
MR. SHEPPARD ELECTED
PRESIDENT.
Isaac A. Sheppard was elected preside
the Board of Public Education, Janua
1889, when he entered upon the duties <
office in the energetic manner which has
acterized his every effort in other dired
He found that additional school buil-
were greatly needed, and earnestly urge
appropriation sufficient to cover the ex]
of their erection. [For portrait and biogr
cal sketch of Mr. Sheppard see Chaptc
Schools of the Sixteenth Section.]
FOUR NEW SECTIONS.
The Thirtv-second and Thirtv-third V
were formed in 1888 by the division o
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-fifth W
William B. Gill was appointed to represer
Thirty-second Section in the Board of F
Education, and George W. Crouch, the Tl
third. In 1889 the Thirty-fourth Ware
formed bv the division of the Twentv-fo
and the following year a part of the Tw
third Ward was made the Thirtv-
Joseph R. Rhoads and Thomas Shall
were respectively chosen to represent
two new Sections.
NEED OF NEW TEACHERS
ADVOCATED.
During Mr. Steel's term as president h
again and again urged the advisability <
ducing men to enter the schools as teac
He held that in certain grades of boys' sc
it was highly important to have men tea
exclusively. Mr. Sheppard followed
Steel in advocating this idea. In his r
for the year 1889 Mr. Sheppard said: —
**In my last report, in calling attentic
this subject, I expressed the opinion that
of twelve years of age and upwards oug
be under the tutelage of a master. Th
perience and close observation of anothei
34
have fullv confirmed me in the belief that the
position then taken was correct. Thoughtful
men will generally admit that the period indi-
cated is the most critical of a boy's life, and
that boys are therein exposed to temptations
of which women, and young women especi-
ally, know nothing; and the existence of
which they, perhaps, do not even suspect.
Moreover, the public welfare demands that
the large number of boys who never get
beyond the grammar schools should have re-
ceived clear and forcible instruction in those
elementary principles of government upon
which our national life depends, and in the
duties and responsibilities of citizenship. * *
A woman, no matter how painstaking and
conscientious, will, by reason of her natural
limitations, teach from a woman's point of
^^ew. Woman's method of thought and
illustration differ from those of man, and,
upon the larger boys, make less impression,
and are more easily forgotten by them when
they come in contact with the world. Suc-
cessful teaching springs out of actual personal
experience in the duties and dangers of life;
and a good man, out of the treasures of his
experience as a man, can bring forth much
that the boys under his care surely need to
know, but w^hich a woman could never impart
because of her wholly different experience."
Superintendent MacAlister said on this
subject in one of his reports: "It is my con-
viction that the Board has now before it no
more important question than the best means
to bring into the service a sufficient number
of young men, possessing the education,
character and ambition to make successful
teachers."
SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY
ESTABLISHED.
The agitation of years resulted, in Septem-
ber, 1891, in the establishment of the School
of Pedagogy for the training of youne men as
teachers. Professor Henry Clark Johnson,
then president of the faculty of the Central
High School was made president of the
faculty of the new school, and the entire corps
of instructors was composed of High School
professors.
DR. BROOKS ELECTED SUPER-
INTENDENT.
In the spring of 1891 Dr. Edward Brooks,
an educator of note, was elected Superin-
tendent of Public Schools, to succeed Dr.
James MacAlister. [See chapter on Depart-
ment of Superintendence.]
JAMES FORTEN SCHOOL
ORGANIZED.
The following September the James Forten
Elementary Manual Training School was
opened in the building on Sixth street above
Lombard. [See chapter on James Forten
Elementary Manual Training School.]
INCEPTION OF THE FREE
LIBRARIES.
City Councils appropriated $15,000 to the
Board of Public Education, with w^hich to
begin the establishment of free libraries, in
1 89 1. The first library was formally opened
on October 17, 1892, at the Wagner Free In-
stitute of Science, Seventeenth street and
Montgomery avenue. [See chapter on Pub-
lic Libraries.]
TWO MORE SECTIONS
REPRESENTED.
The Board of Public Education received
two new members in 1892 when the Thirty-
sixth and Thirty-seventh Wards were formed
by division of the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-
eighth. George Haig and Dr. William K.
Mat tern were appointed to represent the two
new Sections.
NEW NORMAL SCHOOL
OPENED.
The handsome edifice of the Philadelphia
Normal School for Girls, Thirteenth and
Spring Garden streets, was completed in
35
i893> and in November of that year the new
school was opened. George H. Cliff was
chosen Principal. The completion of this
building enabled the Board of Public Educa-
tion to properly organize a high school for
g^rls, in the old Normal School building at
Seventeenth and Spring Garden streets.
EXHIBITION AT THE WORLD'S
FAIR.
There was an excellent exhibition of school
work from Philadelphia at the World's
Columbian Exposition, in Chicago, in 1893.
City Councils made an appropriation of $6,000
to defray the expenses. ''Although the space
allotted w^as somewhat inadequate," said
President Sheppard in his annual report for
that year, "the entire exhibit was creditable
to the city, and won high commendation from
prominent educators."
HIGH SCHOOL CORNER-STONE
LAID.
The chief event of the year 1894 was the
laying of the corner-stone of the new building
for the Central High School, at the south-
west corner of Broad and Green streets.
MR. GRATZ ELECTED PRESIDENT
PRO TEM.
In January, 1895, Isaac A. Sheppard tend-
ered his resignation as president of the Board
of Public Education, on account of ill-health,
but the Board declined to accept it, granting
him, instead, an extended leave of ab-
sence. Simon Gratz, member of the
Board from the Eighth Section, was
elected president pro tem., to serve un-
til such time as Mr. Sheppard might feel
able to resume his duties as president.
SUMMER PLAY-GROUNDS.
During the summer vacation of 1895 ^^^^
yards of public schools in thickly-settled sec-
tions of the city were kept open as play-
grounds for poor children. They proved so
popular and were apparently productiv
much good that twelve yards were t
open the following summer. The custc
doubtless come to stay. The credit fc
ting this most excellent plan into sue
operation is largely due to Paul Kav
member of the Board of Public Edu
from the Twenty-sixth Section, to wh
chairman of the Committee on Proper
matter was referred, and who spar
pains to make the yards attractive to tl
dren.
COMPULSORY EDUCATION A
In 1895 t'^^ Legislature passed a c(
sory education bill. Compulsory edn
had been talked of since the time of R
Vaux, and several unsuccessful effort
made, previous to 1895, ^^ secure legi
concerning it.
In placing his signature on the Act o
Governor Hastings wrote: —
'*By giving my approval to this m-
there will appear upon our statute bo(
the first time in the historv of the Coi
wealth a compulsory educational law.
**The General Assembly in the sessi
1 89 1 and 1893 passed a compulsory
tional act somewhat similar to the \
measure, each of which met with £x<
disapproval. There appears to be throi
the Commonwealth a general desire for
law. I have not received a single \
from any citizen against this bill so f:
recall. The unanimitv with which
passed by the Legislature, as well as th
number of requests made upon me to j
clearly indicate the general desire on tl
of the people for a compulsory educ
law. Under these conditions, I am con
that I should not obtrude anv individua
ment which I may have on this (jues
public policy. This measure provid
compulsory education in perhaps th
objectionable form to those who oj^pos
principle, and offends as little agaii
36
personal rights of the citizen as possible. I,
therefore, approve the bill but, if by experi-
ence the expectations of the people are not
realized, future legislation doubtless will meet
their demands/'
The act is called "An Act to provide for
the attendance of children in the schools of
this Commonwealth and making an enumera-
tion of children for that purpose; also provid-
ing compensation for the assessors making
the enumeration, and providing penalties for
violations of this act."
The first section of the act reads as fol-
lows:—
"Be it enacted, etc.. That everv ])arent,
guardian or other person of this Common-
wealth, having control or charge of a child or
children between the ages of eight and thir-
teen years, shall be required to send such child
or children to a school in which the common
English branches are taught, and such child
or children shall attend such school during
at least sixteen weeks of each year in which
schools in their respective districts shall be in
session, unless such child or children shall be
excused from such attendance by the board of
the school district in which parent, guardian
or other person resides, upon the presentation
to said board of satisfactory evidence showing
such child or children are prevented from at-
tendance at school, or application to study, by
mental or physical or other urgent reasons:
provided, that in case there be no public
school in session within two miles of the near-
est traveled road of any person wathin the
school district, he or she shall not be liable to
the provisions of this act: provided, that this
act shall not apply to any child that has been
or is being otherwise instructed in the com-
mon English branches of learning for a like
period of time: and provided further, that the
certificate of any principal of any school or
educational institution, or of any teacher, that
any child has been or is being so instructed,
issued to such child or its parents or guardians
shall be sufficient and satisfactorv evidence
thereof."
The other sections provide a penalty for
violation of the act, and also provide for the
appointment of attendance officers, the assess-
ment of children, etc.
LAW NOT ENFORCED IN
PHILADELPHIA.
In the spring of 1896 a census of children of
school age was taken by the assessors, but the
lists arc defective, in that they give the names,
age, etc., but do not tell whether or not a
child attends school. Moreover, there are
not sufficient school buildings at the present
time to properly accommodate the children
who attend, and it would be practically impos-
sible to enforce the compulsory education act
before some substantial provision was made
to accommodate the thousands of additional
children who would thus be brought into the
schools. The matter is being agitated, and
as soon as arrangements can be made to pro-
vide suitable accommodations for the new
pupils the law will be enforced.
INSUFFICIENT SCHOOL ACCOM-
MODATIONS.
The lack of proper school accommodations
is keenly felt at the present time, and has been
for some years past. At the close of 1895
there were 129 classes, containing 6,521
pupils, on half-time, as it is called. That is,
part of the children in a class attend school
only in the morning and others only in the
afternoon.* The adoption of this pernicious
svstem was made necessarv bv the lack of
school accommodations. There is no alterna-
tive between putting pupils on half time and
turning some away from school altogether.
Of the two evils the Board of PubHc Educa-
tion has chosen the less.
Regarding this matter President pro tem.
Gratz said, in his annual report for the year
i_895-—
*In the primary and secondary grades the "half-time"
pupils are in school three hours a day. Those in the gram-
mar grades have a session of three and one-half hours.
Pupils on full time are in school five hours a day.
37
"If it be asked why the Board does not pro-
vide for them [children on half time] by rent-
ing additional buildings, the answer is, that
even if we had an adequate appropriation,
there is extreme difficulty in obtaining build-
ings that are at all suitable for this use: and
that, wherever it is possible to rent buildings
in which children can be placed with due re-
gard to their safety and health, they are
invariably secured if the means of the Board
will permit. But rented buildings are, at
best, to be tolerated only as makeshifts: and
proper permanent relief cannot be had until
Councils shall make appropriations which will
enable the Board to erect the school-houses
now so urgently needed, and to exercise proper
foresight with regard to the future wants
of sections which are rapidly increasing in
population. It is believed that Councils fully
recognize the force of the request we have so
repeatedly made; and that, as soon as the
municipal finances shall warrant a liberal ap-
propriation for this purpose, it will be made.''
WELL-CONSTRUCTED
BUILDINGS.
A reference made bv Mr. Gratz in a subse-
quent paragraph to the construction of school
building is worthy of a place here: —
*T gladly embrace this opportunity to quote
the unsolicited testimony of Messrs. John S.
Stevens, D. H. Watts and Allen B. Rorke, in
regard to the construction and character of
our recentlv erected school-houses. These
gentlemen, all of whom are known as builders
of large experience and high repute, were re-
quested by the City Controller to report to
him in regard to a single item involved in the
construction of the buildings. The thorough
examination that they made led them to send
the Board a written communication, in which
they say: ^During our visit to the new school-
houses, in company with City Controller
Walton, we were much impressed with the
marked improvement in the mode of construc-
tion, the character of the workmanship, and
the general convenience of the buildings, as
compared with those erected some years
* * * We extend our congratulations
hopes that your efforts in furnishing hea!
convenient and attractive school-housej
continue until every child in this grea
may have ample accommodations to ob
good and thorough education.' '*
STUDY OF MUSIC RESTORE
The studv of vocal music was restor
the course in the elementary schools in
It had been adopted some twentv-eight
previous, but in 1879 was dropped. A h
funds has made impossible the electior
superintendent of music, but the stu
being gradually introduced in the schoo
taught by the regular teachers.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES TRANSFER
The public libraries were transferred
under the supervision of the Board of 1
Education on Januarv i, 1896, to the a
of a newly organized Board of Trustees
SCHOOL OF PEDAGOG\
REORGANIZED.
In the spring of i8q6 the Board of ]
Education passed resolutions authorizir
Committee on Central High School to
a department in that school to be call<
Department of the Science of Pedagogic
course of instruction to be two vears.
virtual eflfect of this action was to im
and extend the course in the School of
gogy.
CHANGES IN THE CURRICULl
In April, 1896, a resolution w^
fered in the Board by A. M. Sp<i
member from the Fourteenth St
which resulted in instructions being
to the Committee on Revision of S
to examine the graded course c
struction and report to the Board w
any and what changes should be
in it. In July the committee reporl
the Board that after a thorough investi:
38
it had been led to the conclusion that the
curriculum needed no radical change. It
suggested a number of minor improvements
however. The report was adopted by the
Board.
PROSPEROUS CONDITION OF
THE SCHOOLS.
The public schools are now flourishing as
never before in all their history, notwithstand-
ingdifficulties in thewayof their advancement,
such as the lack of sufficient accommodations.
At the close of the year 1895 there were 425
schools, with 3,161 teachers and 132,052
pupils. When these figures are compared
with those of earlier vears the marvellous
growth of the schools can be readily noted.
[See Statistics.]
GRATZ ELECTED PRESIDENT.
At the close of 1896 Isaac A. Sheppard re-
signed his seat in the Board of Public Educa-
tion; and in January, 1897, Simon Gratz, who
had been President pro tem for two years, was
elected President. At the same time Samuel
B. Huev was elected Vice-President.
INTROSPECTIVE.
The outlook is a bright one. With the ap-
priation of sufficient money to properly care
for all the children who will become pupils
when the compulsory education law is en-
forced, the public schools will be increased in
number and improved in many ways. Altera-
tions in the course of study are being made
from time to time, with a view to increasing
the efficiency of the schools, and new and im-
proved methods are being engrafted in the
system.
Never have the Schools received so much
notice from the public press, the reflector of
the public mind, as at present. This is surely
an indication that the citizens of Philadelphia
are awakening to a more lively realization of
the importance of maintaining in its best form
a system of public schools. It is to be hoped
that public sentiment in this direction may
extend an influence over Citv Councils so
great that these honorable bodies may be
brought in the near future to see the neces-
sity of providing more liberally for the needs
of the schools.
If the same energy and care shall be exer-
cised in the administration of the public
school system during the coming century that
has been displayed during that which is now
drawing to a close, the historian for the
twentieth centurv shall add to the facts here
chronicled the recital of still greater ends ac-
complished and a mighter work well done.
39
Courses of Instruction
*
The last twenty-five years have witnessed
many changes in the curricuhim of the ele-
mentary schools. The present curriculunis
of the elementary schools of the various cities
of the country are a growth determined by
the clearer conception of educational doctrine
and the improvement of the work of the class
room.
The growth of the curriculum in Philadel-
phia is an interesting chapter in educational
history. Prior to 1868 there seems to have
been no fixed course of instruction in the ele-
mentary schools. In that year the Commit-
tee on Revision of Studies of the
Board of Public Education prepared the
first graded course of studies used in
the elementar\' schools of the city. Two
years later, in 1870, this course was re-
vised by the Committee on Revision of Stud-
ies in connection with a committee of
grammar school Principals, consisting of F. F.
Christine, Edward Gideon, Edgar A. Singer,
James F. C. Sickel and George W. Schock.
The grammar school Principals, referring to
the difficulty of having teachers carry out the
course of study, recommended the appoint-
ment of a superintendent of schools for each
Section to enforce the system of instruction.
They also recommended that the name ''divis-
ion" be abolished and the term ''grade'' be
substituted in its place, w^hich recommenda-
tion was adopted by the Board in 1877. In
1875, through the offer of a number of
scholarships in the Tow^ne Scientific Depart-
ment of the University of Pennsylvania, it
became necessary to revise the curriculum of
the so-called Senior Classes of th*^ grammar
schools; and this task was entrusted to a com-
mittee of the Board of Public Education
acting in connection with a committee of
grammar school Principals, consisting of
Messrs. Singer, Sickel, Gideon, Sayre and
Maguire.
In attempting the revision it was found that
they had begun at the wrong end of the sys-
tem, and that to give unity to the work of
instruction the entire course should be
revised. This work was entrusted to a joint
committee composed of the Committees on
the University, Revision of Studies, Central
High School and Normal School, acting in
connection with the Principals of grammar
schools named above, and the course prepared
was adopted by the Board on November 29,
1877. In presenting their report to the Board
it w^as stated that the committee had been
"aided by the counsel of prominent members
of the Board of Public Trusts, the Franklin
Institute and the Pennsylvania Museum of
Industrial Arts; of eminent private gentlemen
interested in the subject of general and
popular education, and of teachers of ability
and of experience in our schools; and the com-
mittee had also carefully examined the graded
courses of study then in use in the schools of
Philadelphia, together with the courses of
study adopted in other large cities of the
United States.'' This course of 1877, with a
* The review here given of the various courses of instruc-
tion in the Philadelphia public schools since 1868, is taken
almost word for word from the annual report of the Super-
intendent of Public Schools for 1895. The author believes
this sketch to be the most clear and at the same time the
most concise review of the subject that has been written. It
purports to be simply a history of the changes made and
does not pretend to be a dissertation on the courses them-
selves.
41
slight revision made January, 1880, remained
in operation until the organization of the De-
partment of Superintendence, in 1883.
One of the earliest acts of the Superintend-
ent was the revision of the Course of Instruc-
tion in the primary and secondary schools,
with the purpose, as the Superintendent
stated, of "simplifying the work of the pupils
and introducing methods of teaching more
in harmony with the natural laws which regu-
late the growth and development of a child's
being/' Nothing new was claimed for the
course, but that "its principles had been
thoroughly tested in the best schools of this
country and Europe, and had received the
approval of the ablest teachers and the highest
authorities in education/* This course for
the primary and the secondary schools was
adopted by the Board, and went into opera-
tion in 1884. In 1886 a corresponding revis-
ion of the Course of Instruction in the gram-
mar schools was made, which was approved by
the Board and introduced into the schools.
A leading object of the course in the mind of
the Superintendent was the improvement of
the methods of teaching, which in many re-
spects were antiquated and mechanical, such
as singing the multiplication table, singing or
chanting Hsts of words in the spelling book^
and lists of cities, towns, rivers, etc., in geog-
raphy. While the course was received with
feelings of dissent on the part of some teach-
ers, it was taken hold of with interest bv manv
Others, and resulted in banishing many bad
practices from the schools and in introducing
many improved methods of instruction.
This Course of Instruction Dr. Edward
Brooks found in use in the schools when he
entered upon his duties as Superintendent in
1 89 1. It was the result of a careful study of
the systems in use in the more progressive
cities, and represented in the main advanced
and generally accepted ideas of elementary
instruction. A thoughtful study of its pro-
visions, combined with observation and testi-
mony in respect to its working in the class
room, enabled him to advise certain changes,
which, in his judgment, would simplify and
improve the work of the schools. All the
changes which he has made have been in the
direction of eliminating difficulties from the
course and rendering it more practical and
still more in harmonv with the natural laws of
the development of a child's mind. Changes
which are still contemplated by him are in the
same direction.
42
Department
of—
Superintendence
Department of Superintendence
For many years Philadelphia stood alone in
having no executive officer in the adminis-
tration of its school affairs, but the weakness
and incongruity of the public school system
without responsible management gradually
became evident to the members of the Board
of Public Education and to others interested
in the welfare of the schools, and a movement
was begun to secure a system of school
supervision similar to that which had long
been established in other cities throughout
the United States. After ten years of effort
the necessary appropriation was secured from
Councils, and a Superintendent was chosen,
who entered upon his duties May i, 1883.
From the first the Department of Superin-
tendence directed its efforts to the revision,
improvement and extension of the courses of
instruction: to the introduction of better
methods of teaching, based upon sound educa-
tional principles; to the training of teachers
and the elevation of the standard of the teach-
er's work, and to the cultivation of a greater
interest in the public mind in behalf of the
schools.
COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
REVISED.
The first work of the Superintendent was
the revision of the courses of instruction.
Early in 1884 ^ new^ course for primary grades
was prepared, and was adopted by the Board of
Public Education. This was followed in 1885
by a revised course for the secondary grades,
and in 1886 by a revised course for grammar
grades. These courses completely changed
the methods of instruction which had been in
use in the elementary schools for many years.
In 1892 the course in arithmetic was again
revised, and specific directions were presented
for carry mg it out. In 1893 an experimental
course in drawing was issued, from the results
of which a permanent course has recently
been prepared. In 1895 a new and ex-
tended course in language was introduced,
the purpose of which was to develop facility
and accuracy in the use of the English lan-
guage, and also to train the pupils of the
schools to appreciate and read good litera-
ture. This course was accompanied by a list
of books suitable for reading by pupils of the
different grades.
In 1895 ^'^^ Superintendent presented a re-
port upon the methods of teaching music,
recommending its introduction into the ele-
mentarv schools. The recommendation was
adopted by the Board of Public Education,
and a course of instruction in music was pre-
pared, which is now ready for presentation to
the Board. Penmanship has also received the
special attention of the department, and ex-
periments which are being made with the
vertical system of writing give promise of
gratifying results. Other modifications and
readjustments of the course of instruction
are under consideration.
SYSTEM OF SUPERVISING PRIN-
CIPALS INTRODUCED.
Next in importance to the revision of the
course of instruction was the introduction
of the system of Supervising Principals, the
45
success of which was greatly facilitated by the
Superintendency. Under the old plan of or-
ganization the Principal taught a class,
instead of supervising and directing the work
and discipline of the entire school. This ar-
rangement was unsatisfactory, and the Board
of Public Education had attempted an im-
provement in school administration by the
appointment of Principals in certain schools
whose duty it was to direct the work of the
schools rather than to teach.
In 1883 the present system of organization
under Supervising Principals was adopted by
the Board, and the first examination of can-
didates for the special certificate required for
the new position of Supervising Principal was
held in May, 1885. At present there are one
hundred and three schools under Supervising
Principals in thirty-one Sections of the city.
EXAMINATIONS AND
PROMOTIONS.
School examinations and promotions early
received the attention of the Superintendent.
Formerly the Principals formulated the ques-
tions for their own schools, and in a building
containing several separate school organiza-
tions there were often as many different
standards for promotion as there were
Principals. Candidates for admission into the
higher schools w^ere examined upon different
sets of questions, and there was no uniformity
of quaHfications at any stage in the course.
The adoption of the revised courses of in-
struction led to a plan of uniform examina-
tions for promotions. Questions are now pre-
pared by the Department of Superintendence,
and these are delivered in sealed envelopes to
the Principals, who assign them to the pupils
of the various grades. The tabulated results
of the examinations are sent to the Superin-
tendent's office, and cases which require in-
vestigation receive special attention. A
uniform examination is given to all twelfth
grade pupils applying for admission to the
higher schools and uniform standards of ad-
mission are required.
ADMISSION TO THE HIGHER
SCHOOLS.
The interests of both the grammar and the
high schools have been promoted by the
raising of the standards for admission to the
latter. A general average of 60 was form-
erly all that was required for admission to the
high schools; the class average in arithmetic
seldom reached 50, and the pupils were occa-
sionallv admitted with a zero in this branch of
study. In 1884 the general average for ad-
mission was raised to 65, w'ith a required per-
centage of 50 in reading, language and arith-
metic, and in 1892 the general average was
fixed at 70.
The Superintendent in his report upon this
subject, in 1892, said: *'High :tandard3 always
exercise a stimulating and invigorating effect
upon the work of both pupils and teachers,
and tend to promote the interests of educa-
tion." The results of the examinations held
since the change was made show that as large
a percentage of candidates pass the examina-
tion as formerlv.
ATTENTION TO INDUSTRIAL
EDUCATION.
In 1885 the Board of Public Education de-
cided to establish a manual training school,
in which movement the Superintendent
rendered efficient aid. The same motives
which prompted the establishment of the
manual training school led, in 1884, to the in-
troduction of sewing into all girls' schools;
while, in 1887, cooking was added to the cur-
riculum of the Girls' High School, and a little
later cooking schools for girls of the grammar
grades were established and placed under the
supervision of the Superintendent.
In order to further extend the industrial
element of education, the Superintendent, in
1893, presented a report on wood-working in
46
grammar grades to the Board of Public Edu-
cation, but for lack of money to fit up rooms
and pay teachers the work has not been intro-
duced bv the Board.
SUPERVISION OF KINDER-
GARTENS.
The public kindergartens were organized
by the Sub-Primary School Society in 1879,
and in 1887, Councils having made an appro-
priation for their support, they were placed
under the charge of the Board of Public Edu-
cation, and became a part of the educational
system of the city. In 1893 they were trans-
ferred to the care of the Department of
Superintendence and have since been under
its supervision.
COURSES OF STUDY
FORMULATED.
In 1891 the Board of Public Education de-
cided to separate the normal training depart-
ment from the Girls' Normal School, and to
organize two separate institutions, a Girls'
High School and a Normal School, and the
Superintendent, at the request of the Board,
prepared the necessary courses of study. The
scheme of normal training prepared by him
has recently been adopted by the National
Educational Association, the highest educa-
tional authority in the land.
PLAN OF THE SCHOOL OF
PEDAGOGY.
In 1 89 1 the Superintendent prepared a plan
for the organization of the School of Peda-
S^gy, which was established in connection
^'ith the Central High School, to provide for
^he training of young men for the profession
of teaching. Owing to the limited period of
<^ne year, fixed by the Board of Public Educa-
tion for the work, only a part of the courco
<^oul(l be carried out, but it has recently been
Q^cided to organize the school with a two
years* course, in the broad and comprehensive
'ines indicated by the Superintendent.
REGULATING THE ABSENCE
OF TEACHERS.
In 1893 ^ "^^v series of rules was formulated
by the Superintendent to regulate the absence
of teachers and to provide for and pav com-
petent substitutes. In approval of this plan
President Sheppard, in a subsequent report,
said: ''The rules established bv the Board in
regard to the absence of teachers and the em-
ployment of substitute teachers have been
l)eneficial by diminishing the number of absen-
tees." His figures show *'an improvement of
25 per cent, under the operation of the new
rules."
CULTIVATING A SPIRIT OF
PATRIOTISM.
Realizing the vast importance of the cul-
tivation of a spirit of patriotism on the part
of the pupils of the public schools, the Super-
intendent, in 1893, recommended the com-
memoration by appropriate exercises of the
landing of William Penn, in 1682, and of the
adoption of the American flag, in 1777, two
important events connected with the history
of Philadelphia. The celebration of Penn
Day, October 27th, and of Flag Day, June
14th, has become a regular custom in the
schools of the city, the exercises being varied
to suit the pupils of the various grades.
ELEVATION OF STANDARDS.
One of the most important results of the in-
fluence of the Department of Superintendence
has been the gradual elevation of the stand-
ards of scholastic and professional qualifica-
tion among the teachers of the public schools.
In 1884 the duty of conducting the examina-
tions for certifying teachers was assigned to
the department, and by the advice of the Su-
perintendent the examinations were made
annual and the requirements for certificates
modified and enlarged. In 1892, upon the
recommendation of the Superintendent, psy-
chology and plane geometry were added to
the requirements for the certificates for Prin-
cipals and assistants.
47
IN TOUCH WITH THE
TEACHERS.
The creation of the Department of Superin-
tendence for the purpose of directing the work
of the schools was an acknowledgment of the
dignity and importance of the teacher's duties
and responsibilities. The discussion of edu-
cational principles and methods, of improved
school management, and of the history of
education, developed a new interest in school
matters and a desire for professional improve-
ment, and the courses of lectures upon educa-
tional topics which have been given by the
Superintendent have been attended by en-
thusiastic teachers. These lecture courses
have been continued from time to time, as
the duties of the Superintendent would per-
mit, and the large audiences at the Normal
School during the winter of 1895-96 on the
evenings of the Superintendent's lectures on
Psychology attested the general interest of
teachers in educational study.
PEDAGOGICAL LIBRARY.
The desire for study and the demand for
educational literature led to the foundation oi
the Pedagogical Library. It was thought
desirable to have at command the best authori-
ties on the history, science and art of edu-
cation for the use of those connected with the
Superintendent's office, and for the teachers
and others engaged in educational work con-
nected with the public school system of the
city. A number of books were gradually
brought together through the liberality of the
Board of Public Education, and the City
Councils now make an annual appropriation
to sustain it.
CO-OPERATION WITH TEACHERS'
ORGANIZATIONS.
The cordial co-operation of the Teachers'
Institute with the Department of Superin-
tendence has been a decided impetus to educa-
tional progress. Another important factor in
the uplifting of the teacher's profession was
the organization, in 189J, through the in-
fluence of the Superintendent, of the Educa-
tional Club.
TEACHERS' POST-GRADUATE
COURSE.
In 1892 the Superintendent effected an ar-
rangement with the authorities of the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania for the admission of
teachers desirous of pursuing higher courses of
study to the classes of that institution.
Special afternoon and Saturday classes were
formed for the accommodation of these teach-
ers, and sixty-five were in attendance the first
year. At the present time over two hundred
men and women, teachers in the public
schools, are attending various courses of
Universitv lectures.
SPECIFIC DUTIES OF THE
DEPARTMENT.
The duties of the Superintendent of Schools
and of his assistants are stated definitely in
the By-Laws of the Board of Public Educa-
tion, as prepared at the time of the adoption
of the Superintendency, in 1883; but the work
of the Department has so increased that no
series of rules could adequately set forth the
duties and responsibilities of the Superintend-
ent and his corps of assistants. Some of the
most important of these duties are here
given: —
1. To visit and inspect schools and assist
weak and inexperienced teachers by suggest-
ing and illustrating better methods of work;
to counsel with Principals and Supervising
Principals as to methods of teaching and
discipline, examinations and promotions, and
to render help in other matters pertaining to
the efficient management of the schools.
2. To hold meetings of teachers for the
purpose of assisting and guiding them in their
work, and to explain definitely the meaning
and application of the course of study.
3. To prepare uniform questions for the
examination of all pupils of the elementary
schools, and to make the necessary arrange-
ments for conducting such examinations, and
48
for the promotion of all pupils who shall be
found prepared to go on with a higher grade
of scliool work.
4. To see that the courses of study and all
rules and regulations adopted by the Board of
Public Education for the government of the
schools are carried out.
5. To give information to the proper com-
mittees of the Board of Public Education con-
cerning the manner in which teachers perform
their duties, reporting the names of such
as after due trial shall prove to be incom-
petent or neglectful of their duties: to report,
when necessary, upon the sanitary conditionof
schoo! buildings: to meet with committees of
the Board of Public Education for the inspec-
tion of monthly reports of schools; to report
schools requiring additional teachers and rec-
ommend the dropping of teachers when
schools fall below the recjuired numbers; to
"lake suggestions for the improvement of the
schools and their better classification and
management.
6. To meet with members of the sectional
I'oards and counsel with them upon matters
fwrtaining to the best interests of the schools.
7. To prepare the forms of all reports, reg-
'siers, record-books, blanks and cards used
■1 the schools.
8. To examine the monthly and annual re-
ports of schools, to see that all mistakes in
them are corrected, and to prepare statistics
for the use of the Board of Public Education
and for the State and National Governments.
9. To keep the records of the absence of
teachers and of applications for leave of
absence, and make necessary reports upon the
absence of teachers to the proper committee
of the Board of Public Education.
10. ']"o make such special reports upon any
matter of school interest as the Board of
Public Education or the committees of the
Board may call for.
1 1 . To make such changes in the graded
course of instruction as may from time to
time be thought conducive to the best in-
terests of the pupils, and to make such educa-
tional experiments as may be thought wise in
determining the educational values of new and
special subjects of training or instruction.
12. To visit and inspect the work of the
High Schools, the Manual Training Schools
and the Normal School; to confer with the
Principals and committees in charge thereof
in relation to the work of these schools, and
to suggest such changes in the courses of
study as may be considered advantageous to
the interests of the schools or necessary to
secure the more efficient training of their
pupils.
13. To organi;;e and superintend the work
of the teachers of sewing and of cooking.
14. To superintend the Pedagogical Li-
brary of the Department of Superintendence;
to select suitable works on the subject of edu-
cation, and to advise teachers with respect to
courses of reading and the proper use of the
library,
15. To conduct the animal examinations of
teachers, in accordance with the rules of the
Board of Public Education, and to hold such
special examinations as the Board may from
time to time direct.
The department consists of the Superin-
tendent and eight assistants, including a di-
rector of drawing and director of kinder-
gartens.
DR. EDWARD BROOKS.
Dr. Edward Brooks, Superintendent of
Public Schools in Philadelphia, was born at
Stony Point, New York, in 1831. By means
of superior common school advantages, in
connection with private tuition and a natural
love for study, he had at the age of fifteen
completed quite a thorough academic course
of study. He then spent three years in his
father's factory, devoting his leisure moments
to the study of literature, mathematics,
natural science and the practice of literary
composition. At the age of eighteen he
began his career as a teacher in a village
school in the State of New York. The fol-
lowing year, in order to prepare himself more
fully for educational work, he entered the
Liberty Normal Institute, and at the close of
his course graduated as valedictorian of his
class.
While attending the Normal School he was
invited to enter the University of Northern
Pennsylvania as an assistant teacher, with the
opportunity of continuing his studies in
higher mathematics and literature. In these
studies he so distinguished himself that before
the end of the year, the professor being ill.
he began to teach the classes in higher mathe-
matics; and the following year he was elected
professor of the department. The year after
' he had charge also of the department of litera-
ture and aided in introducing and developing
the new system of grammatical analysis which
was just being introduced, A change in the
administration led him to take the chair of
literature and mathematics in the Monticello
Academy, N. Y., and the following year he
accepted an invitation to go to Millersvilie,
Pa., on the estabHshment of the Normal
School, in 1855. He was Professor of Mathe-
matics in this institution for eleven years,
during which time he developed a system of
mathematical instruction that gave the Mil-
lersvilie School a national reputation. His
series of mathematical text-hooks aided in
revolutionizing the methods of mathematical
instruction throughout the country and be-
came models for many other series of works
upon the subject.
In 1 866 he was elected president of the State
Normal School, and under his control the in-
stitution achieved a reputation second to
none in the countrv. His course of instruction
in pedagogy was thorough and progres-
sive and anticipated much that is now known
as the New Education. The teachers he
trained were sought for far and wide, and
many of them now occupy leading educational
positions in the state and country. Out of
his lectures on pedagogy grew his tw^o w^orks
on education, **NormaI Methods of Teaching:"
and *'Mental Science and Culture.'* These
\vorks have been widely used in the education
of teachers. His treatise on the "Philosophy
of Arithmetic*' is a unique and masterly pro-
duction, and show^s the author to be a philo-
sophic thinker of rare powers of analysis and
generalization.
During the last twenty years Dr. Brooks
has been regarded as one of the foremost
educators of the country. While at Millers-
ville he was frequently invited to the presi-
dency of other educational institutions at an
increase of salary. In 1858 the degree of
Master of Arts was conferred upon him by
Union College. In 1868 he was unanimously
elected to the presidency of the Pennsylvania
State Teachers* Association. In 1876 the
honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy was
conferred upon him by three different institu-
tions. During the same year he was presi-
dent of the normal department of the Na-
tional Teachers* Association. At the Cen-
tennial Exposition in Philadelphia he had
charge of the normal department of the
Pennsylvania exhibit; and his mathematical
works which were on exhibition were favor-
ably noticed by the French Commissioners of
Education in their report to their govern-
ment.
In 1883 he resigned his position at Millers-
ville to take a much-needed rest and settled
in Philadelphia. The following year he was
elected president of the National School of
Oratory, but resigned at the end of a year to
engage in literary and more general educa-
tional work. His services as a lecturer were
in demand from all parts of the country. He
gave courses of lectures in all parts of Penn-
sylvania, was connected with summer schools
for the education of teachers at Saratoga,
Round Lake, Glenn Falls, etc., and for two
years had charge of the normal department of
the Florida Chautauqua.
In the spring of 1891 he was elected Super-
intendent of Public Schools in Philadelphia.
His most important work, so far, has been the
reorganization of the Girls* High School, with
its three distinct courses of study, the estab-
lishment of a separate Normal School for Girls
w^th a tw^o years* course of pedagogical train-
ing, the revision of the course of instruction
in arithmetic for the elementary schools, the
revision of the course in language, the re-
vision of the course in drawing, the intro-
duction of music into the public schools and
the organization of the Educational Club.
In 1893 he was president of the Depart-
ment of Superintendence of the National
Educational Association, and the meeting
held in Boston was a notable one in the his-
tory of the Association. In 1894 he was a
member of the "Committee of Fifteen,*' ap-
pointed by the National Educational Associa-
tion to report on courses of study for the pub-
lic schools of the country.
5»
ANDREW J. MORRISON.
Andrew J. Morrison, Assistant Superin-
tendent of Public Schools, was born on Feb-
niary 14, 1844, in Bucks County, and has
devoted alt his manhood years to educational
work. From the Roxborough Grammar
School he entered the Central High School,
and subsequently Tennent Academy. In
later years he was Principal of the following
schools: Tillyer, Wheat Sheaf, Thirty-fifth
Section; Landreth, Thirty-sixth Section:
South Ward Grammar School, Camden. N. J. ;
Irving, Twenty-fifth Section, and Northern
Liberties, Eleventh Section. From 1881 to
1883 he was Professor of Mathematics in the
Central High School.
When the Department of Superintendence
was organized, in 1883. Mr. Morrison was
among the first selected for the important
post of assistant. His character as a teacher.
his executive ability and his winning person-
ality combined to make him the ideal man for
the place. His executive ability was par-
ticularly shown from January i to September
I. 1891, during which time he was Acting
Superintendent.
As Senior Assistant Superintendent, con-
nected with the department since its organiza-
tion, at a time when it was regarded by edu-
cators in all parts of the country as at least a
<loubtfn1 experiment and likely to prove a
failure, Professor Morrison has seen the de-
partment grow in importance, influence and
usefulness, until it commands respect at home
and abroad; and to his untiring energy and
indefatigable work a great measure of its
phenomenal success is due.
JAMEf
James Fenimore Cooper Sickel, Assistant
Superintendent o( Public Schools, was born
in Bucks County. Pa., October lo, 1834. He
was educated in the public schools of Bucks
County and Philadelphia, and at Plainfield
Academy, Carlisle. Pa. In 1857 he assumed
control of the George K. Helier School.
Cheltenham, Pa., remaining there for two
years. In 1859 he took charge of the Evans-
burg Public School, Montgomery Countv.
Pa.
In 1861 he became Principal of the Barren
Hill Public School. Barren Hill. Montgomery
County, but resigned the same year to take
charge of the High School in Milford. ]^ei.
When the Civil War broke out he returned to
Philadelphia and became Principal of the
\\heat Sheaf Consolidated School, sub-
swjiiently becoming Principal of the Forest
Consolidated School at the Falls of Schuylkill,
In 1869 he was chosen Principal of the New-
ton Boys' Grammar School, Twenty- seventh
Section, which position he held until he was
elected an assistant superintendent of public
schools, in 1883.
Mr. Sickel has, during the last thirty-five
years, been in the front ranks of those who
have most earnestly favored, at all times, edu-
cational progress and reform. He was presi-
dent of the Teachers' Institute in 1875, was
re-elected in 1876; was chairman of the Com-
mittee on Centennial Matters in 1S76, and
was chairman of a committee that organized
systematic instruction in drawing for all the
teachers in the elementary schools.
Mr. Sickel has always been progressive
whether as teacher, as principal or as assis-
tant superintendent. As an evidence of this,
in 1881, while Principal of the Xewton School,
he proposed to the Committee of the local
Board of Directors of the Section, that pro-
motions in the school should be made on the
plan of exempting from examinations those
who were manifestly qualified for promotion,
while conditioning or examining only those
concerning whom there was a doubt. This
idea, however, was too much in advance of the
times.
He also endeavored to bring about the
adoption of "minimums" in the fundamental
branches as a condition for promotion in the Mr. Sickel was a member of the committee
final examination. About this time the Su- of principals that made the first detailed
perintendent of Schools of St. Paul put into course of instruction adopted for use in the
practice Mr. Sickel's plan of making promo- Philadelphia public schools. He has always
tions, and it has remained to the present time, been an active advocate of supervision of the
and with most beneficial results. public schools.
Uydia A. Kirl)y, Assistant Siiperiiiteinleiit
of Public Schools, was born in Philadelpliia.
her family having re5ifle<l tn this city since the
time of the Revolution. Her great-grand-
father was a (ininimer boy in the War of 1812,
and he served his conntry during the War of
the Rebellion. Miss Kirby was educated in
the public schools of Philadelphia, and in the
Friends' School on Walnut street, entering
the Xonnal School from the latter. After
graduating from the Normal School, she was
appointed to an assistant's position in the
secondary department of the school on Seven-
teenth street above Fairmount avenue. From
that position she was transferred to the Lin-
coln Boys" Grammar School and afterward
obtained the position of principal of the
primary- school at Nineteenth and North
streets. Transferred then to the boys' gram-
mar school as first assistant she subsequently
became first assistant in the girls' grammar
school. When the Principal of the Lincoln
(iirls' Grammar School was married Miss
Kirby was selected for that position.
While Miss Kirby was Principal of the Lin-
coln School the number of divisions was
doubled and the number of pupils became
more than twice as great as when she took the
school.
No pupils sent by her to the High School
were rejected, and no one sent to the
examination held by the Board of Public Edu-
cation for applicants for teachers' certificates
failed to pass. This is a record of which she
is pardonably proud. Her acknowledged
ability brought the request from the commit-
tee that she should become teacher of
Methods of Instruction in the Philadelphia
Normal School. She held this position less
than two years, leaving it, in 1883, to become
one of the Assistant Superintendents of
Schools.
Edgar Arthur Singer, Assistant Superin-
tendent of Public Schools, was born in Dear-
born County, Ind., April 13. 1841. He re-
moved to New Orleans, afterward to the
\-icinity of Cincinnati, then to Philadelphia.
He attended the Fayette School, Bustleton,
and was admitted to the Central High School,
February, 1855. He then returned to the
Fayette School an<l studied I^tin and mathe-
matics under George W. Fetter, after-
ward Principal of the Girls* Xormal School.
Subsequently he became teacher of the God-
frey School, Byberry, 1857; of the Franklin
School, near League Island, i860; Principal of
Central School and of North Ward School,
Camden, 1862-1865; of Zane Street Grammar
School and of Keystone Grammar School,
Philadelphia, 1865-1872: of Halliwel! Gram-
mar School, 187J-1886. He was elected .As-
sistant Superintendent of Schools in 1886
and entered upon his duties January 1.
1887.
Mr. Singer is a member of the Teachers'
Institute, the Educational Club, the State
Teachers' .Association, the National Educa-
tional -Association and the National Council
of Education. He was representative to the
National F.ducational Association. 1880 and
1881, and was a member of various commit-
tees on courses of study. In order to estab-
lish a closer relation between the public school
system of Phila<lelphia an<l the University, and
to secure the advantages of the higher educa-
tion offered by theUniversity.he entered upon
a post-graduate course, in 1893, in philosophy,
English literature and pedagogy, and, in Tune,
1896. obtained the degree of Doctor of Phi-
losophy.
The success achieved by Mr. Singer is at-
tributed by him to interest in his profession,
and to patient, continuous hard work. He
has always performed faithfully the dut'es in-
cumbent upon every position that he has
occupied, and while waiting for calls to higher
places, he has striven to qualify himself
for the proper discharge of the duties con-
nected with those higher positions. Early in
life he "learned to labor and to wait."
CHARLES HENRY KA1N
Charles Henry Kain, Assistant Superin-
tendent of Public Schools, was horn in 1840,
at Pemberton, N'. J. He was educated in the
public schools and afterward attended the
New Jersey State Normal School, at Trenton,
and prepared for college at Trenton Classical
Academy. From Lewisburg (now BuckiielH
University he received the honorary degree of
A. M., in 1868. For five years Mr. Kain
taught in the district schools of New Jersey.
He conducted a private school for three years
and became Principal of the North Ward
School, Camden, in 1868; of the E. A. Stevens
School, in 1872. Two years later he came to
Philadelphia to take charge of the Northwest
Boys' Grammar School.
In 1886, three years after the Department
of Superintendence was organized, the force
of assistants was increased by the selection of
Mr. Kain, and the wisdom of the choice was
soon made apparent. He was imbued with an
intense love of the work, and his previ-
ous experience as teacher and Principal
gave him a thorough mastery of the
<luties assigned him. He modestly attri-
butes his success to the fact that for
several years he was in close touch with
primary work, always having a deep inter-
est in the study of the mental development
of the young child. The knowledge thus
ac(]uired proved of incalculable value to him
during his experience in the grammar grades
and of still greater benefit when he was called
to a higher sphere.
The schools of Philadelphia, and especially
those in the sections under his immediate
direction, owe much to the sympathetic effort
of Assistant Superintendent Kain. He is a
man who adheres firmly to his convictions,
and his thorough sympathy with the teachers'
work and his deep sincerity always beget
respect for his principles.
MARV WRIGHT.
Miss Mary Wright. Assistant Superintend-
ent of Public Schools, was bom in Philadel-
phia and received her early education in a
Friends' school in this city. Later she
entered a grammar school, from which she
went to the Girls' High School, graduating
with distinction at the completion of the
course.
Soon after her graduation she began her
work as a teacher in the first grade of the
pubhc schools, advancing gradually through
various grades of the primary, secondary and
grammar schools, in each position distinguish-
ing herself as an intelligent and skillful
teacher.
In the summer of 1881 Miss Wright was
offered the principalship of the Lincoln Girls'
Gram mar School, which she accepted, entering
upon the duties of the position the following
September, The high standing which this
school had already acquired was fully main-
tained during Miss Wright's principalship.
The ability of her management and the
success of the school under her administration
were so conspicuons as to attract wide at-
tention and placed her in the first rank of
public school principals of the city.
In October. 1882, Miss Wright was elected
teacher of Methods of Instruction in the Girls'
Normal School. .\ careful student of educa-
tional principles for many years, with a
natural aptitude for the training of teachers,
her work in this department was characterized
by its sympathy with the best educational
thought of the times. She introduced into
her classes the most approved methods of
teaching, and rendered efficient service in the
cause of educational reform in Philadelphia
by her intelligent interpretation to her pupils
of the new courses of study. The high char-
acter of her work in this position was
recognized by the Superintendent of Public
Schools, and upon his recommendation, in
1889, she was appointed one of the assistant
superintendents.
Miss Wright has charge of the schools of
the Second. Third, Thirteenth and Twenty-
ninth sections and also of part of the schools
of theXineteenth and Twenty-ninth sections. Superintendent of Public Schools, in which
She also has supervision of the cooking her literary taste and familiarity with authors
schools, organizing them annually in Septem- and books, the results of years of reading and
ber and overseeing their work throughout the study, have been of great value in the sclec-
year. In addition to her other duties she has tion of works and the direction of the readin^f
charge of the Pedagogical Library of the of the teachers who use the library.
59
WILLIAM ALBERT MASON
William Albert Mason. Director of Draw-
ing in the Public Schools, was born in Cam-
bridge, Mass, December 25, 1854. After a
preparatory course of study at the local
schools, he entered the Cambridge High
School, but left it before the time for his
graduation in order to enter the Massachu-
setts Institute of Technology, where he
took a two years' course in civil engineer-
ing. He afterward completed a course at
the Massachusetts Normal Art School,
Boston, from which he graduated as Art
Master.
Following his perfect training for the life-
work he had selected, Mr. Mason became a
teacher of art in the school from which he had
graduated, remaining during 1876-7. He was
Supervisor of Drawing in the Worcester
schools, 1877-8; Director of the .\rt Depart-
ment of the Ohio State University, Columbus,
1880-83; Vice-Principal of the Pennsylvania
Museum and School of Industrial Art. 1883-
87; Professor of Drawing in the Central High
School, 1887-1892, In October, 1892, the
Board of Public Education elected Mr. Mason
as Assistant Superintendent, with especial
supervision of drawing.
The work assigned to Mr. Mason is differ-
ent from that exacted from his associates.
Having a particular branch to oversee, his
time is given not only to the instruction of
children, but of teachers as well. He visits
every school throughout the city and has de-
livered over two hundred lectures on drawing
to principals and assistants. Every fall he
gives a course of lectures and supplements
them with additional lectures in the spring.
In his school visits he gives model lessons in
one or more gra<les and inspects the work iti
<lrawing.
The Kindergarten System
The kindergarten system of Philadelphia
mprises ii8 kindergartens, distributed over
territory of 130 square miles; 160 teachers
e employed and there are 5,500 children eii-
illed. The practical part of the or}jani;?a-
on of this system comprises the life-work of
liss Constance Mackenzie, Director of Public
jnder gar tens.
In 1881, Miss Anna Hallowell, now a inent-
»er of the Board of Pnbiic Education, ap-
Kiinted Miss Mackenzie principal of the first
CONSTANCE MACKE!
free kindergarten then in operation. The
movement was clearly an experiment, and its
success or failure depended in no small meas-
ure upon the work done by the new Principal
and her sister. Miss Adele Mackenzie, who
was named assistant.
In three years Miss Hallowell and her
friends had made the Sub-Primary Society an
active inHuence in the educational affairs of
tiie city. Sub-primary schools, as the kinder-
gartens were called, had multiplied and the
need for further extension had been demon-
strated by the real missionary work done by
the pioneers in the more densely crowded dis-
tricts, fntelligent centralization and practi-
cal direction had become a necessity, and, be-
cause of her success in ber work among the
children and her own growth along its special
Ihies, Miss ifackenzie was selected for the
position of superintendent.
In January, 1887, the kindergartens were
adopted as a part of Philadelphia's public
school system and Miss Mackenzie was invited
to continue her work. The position of Di-
rector of Pnbiic Kindergartens was created,
to which she was elected.
The change from a private system increased
the burdens and responsibilities of the work
as well as its honors. A new and uniform
standard of requirements for kindergartens
had to be established. Lectures carefully
prepared for the unification of the work and
bearing on the many special features of the
kindergartner's relations to her pupils, re-
quired attention. Regular and frequent visits
to the classes were necessary in order that the
Director might comprehend an intimate
knowledge of each kindergartner's capacities
an<l needs. New kindergartens were to be
opened and the inexperienced guided during
their initiate, that period so important in its
bearing on the future usefulness of every
teacher. The exhiljition craze which afflicted
Philadelphia, as well as other educational
centres, also demanded the expenditure of
much time and energy.
Apart from this physical strain and the con-
stant drain on the sympathies of the Director,
there was another important and difficult
duty. The work of the lowest primary grades
was to be accommodated to take up that of
the Kindergarten; and this was not within the
official province of the Director. Fortunately,
Miss Hallowell had been made a member of
the Board of Public Education. She had a
new vantage ground for continuing her agita-
tion, while Miss Mackenzie encouraged the
primary teachers to attend her kindergarten
meetings. It may be safely said that, to-day,
owing to their co-operation and the wise en-
couragement of Superintendent Brooks, there
is a marked and general tendency toward the
application of FroebeFs principles to the
teaching in the lower grades and toward the
blending of the work into a compact system of
easy and natural gradation. Incalculable
benefit has been derived from the ready co-
operation of the primary teachers and the
sagacity of the Board of Public Education in
modifying the course at the Normal School.
The establishment of kindergarten training
as a part of the curriculum and the ex-
cellent work of Miss Anna W. Williams,
its trainer, leaves the impress of the im-
portance of the new education upon the
mind of every new teacher entering the public
service.
Miss Mackenzie was born in Philadelphia,
and her antecedents imply the teaching spirit.
Her grandfather, a Lutheran clergyman of
Tubinger University, was a teacher of recog-
nized ability. Her father, Dr. R. Shelton
Mackenzie, was widely known as an author,
editor and critic, and for a quarter of a cen-
tury was eminent among the Hterary men of
Philadelphia. Her early education was di-
rected at home, and she grew up in her
father's librar^^ On leaving school she
was quick to recognize the value of the
kindergarten system, and she entered the
Philadelphia Trs^ning School, then, as now.
under the direction of Mrs. M. L. Van Kirk.
Since her graduation the scope of the sys-
tem has extended and broadened, and she has
had her share in contributing to its develop-
ment. A glance at a few of the subjects on
which she has written during the past ten
years indicates the philosophical and
economic value with which she regards the
work. At the invitation of Commissioner
Harris, she read before the Educational Con-
gress, at Chicago, two papers, "Character
Building in the Kindergartens" and **Thc
Place and Value of Song in the Kindergar-
ten." At the annual Conference of Charities
and Corrections, held at St. Paul in 1886, she
read a very thoughtful contribution, "The
Kindergarten as a Preventive of Pauperism
and Crime.'' "Practical Psychology in the
Kindergarten" was read at the Educational
Convention at Saratoga, in 1892. She wrote
the report on the work in Philadelphia for the
International Kindergarten Association, in
the Council of Women, Chicago, and the
general article on the subject for the "Inter-
national Encyclopedia." Owing to the con-
tinued ill-health of the president of the Kin-
dergarten Department of the National Edu-
cational Association, Miss Susan E. Blow% the
duties of the office were assumed by Miss
Mackenzie, as vice-president, with Miss
Blow's cordial co-operation. Miss Mackenzie
is also president of the Philadelphia Branch of
the International Kindergarten Union, having
held that office since the founding of the
organization, in 1892.
Apart from this strictly professional work,
Miss Mackenzie takes the liveliest interest in
social and literary affairs in Philadelphia.
Hers is a busy life and one of achievement, one
which is an inspiration to young women en-
gaged in the profession of teaching.
62
state Department of Superintendence
The relation ^vliich the State Department
of Public Instruction bears to the public
school system of Philadelphia has been well
stated as "rather statistical and advisory
than administrative." Reports of attend-
ance, etc., are annually transmitted to the
State Superintendent of Public Instruction,
who, however, has no authority over the
Philadelphia schools, further than to see that
such of the general laws touching the schools
of the State as apply to the First School Dis-
trict are enforced.
The State Superintendent issues orders to
the State Treasurer for the payment to the
Philadelphia authorities of the share of the
annual appropriation from the State that is
due this District, the basis of distribution to
the various Districts beingthenuniberof tax-
able citizens residing therein. This number
is certified to the Superintendent triennially
by the County Commissioners.
The present Superintendent of Public In-
struction in Pennsylvania is Dr. Nathan C.
Schaeffer, an educator of renown, whose
administration has been a most auspicious
one.
Board of Public Education
Board of Public Education
BOARD OF PUBLIC EDUCATIOX.
The Board of Public Education is com-
posed of thirty-eight persons, each represent-
ing* a Ward or Section. The nieniners are ap-
pointed by the Judges of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas, and bv virtue of their office as
members of the Board of Public Education
they are members of the boards of school di-
rectors in the Sections which they represent.
To be eligible for membership in the Board
a candidate must possess the quahfications of
a State Senator.* According to a provision
in the Act of Consolidation no member of the
Board can, at the same time, serve as a Coun-
cilman, Guardian of the Poor, a member of the
Board of Health, or an Inspector of the
County Prison. This provision, however, has
not always been regarded in the appointment
of members.
The terms of service of one-third of the
members expire each year, but the incum-
bents are almost invariably re-appointed
except at their own desire to retire. No com-
pensation is attached to the office. The
Board meets annually for organization on the
first Mondav in Januarv, elects a President
and Vice-President from among its own num-
ber, and elects also its Secretarv, Assistant
Secretary, Architect, Superintendent and sub-
ordinate salarie<l officers. Regular meetings
♦"Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age.
♦ * * They shall have been citizens and inhabitants of the
State four years, and inhabitants of their respective districts
one year next before their election (unless absent on the
public business of the United States or of this State), and
shall reside in their respective districts during their terms of
service. ♦ * • No person hereafter convicted of embezzle-
ment of public moneys, bribery, perjury, or other infamous
crime, shall be eligible to the General Assembly or capable
of holding any office of trust or profit in this Commonwealth."
Constitution of 1874, Article II, Sections 6 and 7.
are held on the second Tuesday of each month
and are open to the public.
A DEPARTMENT OF THE CITY.
Being a department of the city government
the Board makes a report to the Mayor each
year. It is the only one of the municipal de-
partments which is not subject to the estab-
lishment and regulation of Councils. The
Committee on Schools of Councils is author-
ized to ''exercise a general supervision over
the department for the exposure and correc-
tion of evils and abuses.'' But according to
an opinion of the City Solicitor, in 1884, there
is no law which gives Councils the right, after
an appropriation has been made, to control
the manner in which school buildings shall be
erected and repaired.**
GENERAL POWERS OF THE
BOARD.
The Board is authorized bv law to deter-
mine upon the number of school-houses and
to limit the expense of their establishment; to
provide suitable text-books: to have a general
superintendence over all the schools in the
District, and to make rules and regulations
for their own government and that of the Dis-
trict. The Board is required, when requested
by the State Superintendent of Common
*♦ " The Committee [on Schools of Councils] has a right to
investigate and familiarize itself with the wotlc of said Board,
and report thereon to Councils, with a view of correcting
and exposing any evils and abuses existing therein. It has,
however, no rifijht to assume control of the business of said
department after appropriations have been made. Your
committee cannot, nor can Councils, control or direct the
Board of Public Education in its contracts and building im-
provements. Contracts, details of construction and money
expenditure are for the determination of the Board." — Ex-
tract from City Solicitor's opinion.
67
Schools, to furnish reports touching the con-
dition and management of the schools in the
district.
The Board elects the teachers of the higher
schools and determines the qualifications of
teachers in the elementary schools. It also
prescribes the course of study.
PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD.
The President of the Board is its official
head. He annually appoints the standing
committees. Until recently the President
was obliged to sign all warrants for the pay-
ment of bills and salaries, but the Assistant
Secretary of the Board is now empowered to
perform that duty for him.
STANDING COMMITTEES.
The Board of Public Education is divided
into twenty-three standing committees. To
these committees are referred nearly all
matters which come before the Board. After
careful consideration of such matters the
committees agree to make certain recom-
mendations thereon, and report them to the
Board. The recommendations of committees
are generally adopted.
Following is a list of the standing commit-
tees:—
Central High School, Philadelphia Normal
School for Girls, Girls' High School, Central
Manual Training School, Northeast Manual
Training School, James Forten Elementary
Manual Training School, Revision of Studies,
Text-Books, Industrial Art Education, Uni-
versity; Grammar, Secondary and Primary
Schools, SuppHes, Office, Night Schools,
Legislation, QuaHfication of Teachers, Ac-
counts, Estimates, Audits, By-Laws and
Rules, Property, Superintendence, Hygiene.
COMMITTEES ON THE HIGHER
SCHOOLS.
The Committees on the Higher Schools,
namely, the Committees on Central High
School, Philadelphia Normal School for Girls,
Girls' High School, Central Manual Training
School and Northeast Manual Training
School have a general supervision over those
schools. Each committee is expected to visit
the school under its care semi-monthly, and
in case of a vacancy in the faculty to recom-
mend to the Board a suitable person to fill the
same.
The duties of the Committee on the James
Forten Elementary Manual Training School
are analogous to the duties of the above com-
mittees.
COMMITTEE ON REVISION OF
STUDIES.
The Committee on Revision of Studies re
ports from time to time whatever changes it
deems expedient in the graded course of in-
struction.
COMMITTEE ON TEXT-BOOKS.
The Committee on Text-Books considers
the applications of pubHshers or their agents
for the introduction of new text-books. It
guards against the introduction or retention
in the schools of any book improper or not
well adapted to school use.
COMMITTEE ON INDUSTRIAL
ART EDUCATION.
The Committee on Industrial Art Educa-
tion has the general direction of the Public
School of Industrial Art and recommends the
award to public school pupils of free scholar-
ships in the School of Design and the Penn-
sylvania Museum and School of Industrial
Art.
COMMITTEE ON UNIVERSITY.
The Committee on University apportions
the free scholarships in the University of
Pennsylvania among the higher schools, and
recommends to the Board the election of
meritorious pupils to be the recipients of such
scholarships.
6S
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF PUItLlC VDUHllUN
J13 Filbtri Sircei
(Ali.. kn"»n at .ht Z.nt -uttt -chool h nlh Sf^lioo I
THE »E^: "i^r^
PUBLIC I. ^^^^
COMMITTEE ON GRAMMAR. SECON-
DARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOLS.
The Committee on Grammar, Secondary
and Primary Schools considers all applications
for the establishment of new schools, addi-
tional divisions and kindergartens. It acts
upon applications for altering the salaries of
teachers and janitors. It has general charge
of the study of sewing in the schools and de-
termines the qualifications of candidates for
the position of sewing teachers, transmitting
the names of the competent candidates to the
Committee on Qualification of Teachers.
The Superintendent reports to the Committee
on Grammar, Secondary and Primarv Schools
any unsatisfactory schools, divisions of schools
or teachers, coming under his notice, and
action in regard thereto originates with this
committee. The committee also examines
the monthly reports of all schools and reports
to the Board those in which the attendance is
below the required average. It also investi-
gates charges against teachers.
COMMITTEE ON SUPPLIES.
The Committee on Supplies advertises for
proposals for furnishing books and stationery
and for printing, and awards contracts for the
same. It also advertises for bids and awards
contracts for fuel. At the beginning of each
year it apportions to each school its propor-
tion of the appropriation for books and sta-
tionery for the current year, basing the appor-
tionment on the number of pupils in the vari-
ous schools.
COMMITTEE ON OFFICE.
The Committee on Office has the genen.l
supervision of the office and rooms of the
Board and a general oversight over the man-
ner in which the business of the office is trans-
acted.
COMMITTEE ON NIGHT
SCHOOLS.
The Committee on Night Schools has full
control over the night schools. The commit-
tee examines the weekly reports, recommends
the election and the dropping of teachers, and
attends to al! the details of night school
management.
COMMITTEE ON LEGISLATION.
It is the duty of the Committee on Legisla-
tion to watch legislation affecting the First
School District, and to use proper means to
bring before the Legislature any measures
deemed desirable by the Board.
COMMITTEE ON QUALIFICATION
OF TEACHERS.
The Committee on Qualification of Teach-
ers holds annual examinations for candidates
for certificates of qualification to teach in the
public schools, and reports to the Board the
names of successful applicants. It awards
certificates of qualification to teach to those
entitled to receive them.
COMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTS.
The Committee on Accounts examines and
reports all bills and accounts.
COMMITTEE ON ESTIMATES.
The Committee on Estimates prepares each
year an estimate of the amount of money
needed for the proper conduct of the public
schools during the subsequent year. This
estimate, after being approved by the Board,
is transmitted to the City Councils.
COMMITTEE ON AUDITS.
The Committee on Audits examines and
certifies the warrants for the payment of all
bills and salaries.
COMMITTEE ON BY-LAWS
AND RULES.
The Committee on By-Laws and Rules
considers and reports on all proposed changes
in the By-Laws and Rules of the Board, but is
not empowered to originate legislation.
71
COMMITTEE ON PROPERTY.
The Committee on Property has the super-
vision of the erection of all school-houses, also,
of all repairs and alterations, where the cost
exceeds one hundred dollars. It negotiates
for the renting of such buildings as are tem-
porarily needed, inspects school buildings,
confirms the election of janitors.
COMMITTEE ON SUPERIN-
TENDENCE.
The Committee on Superintendence reports
on the necessity of increasing the number of
Assistant Superintendents, and considers sug-
gestions of the Superintendent regarding the
selection of such persons and the re-appoint-
ment of Assistant Superintendents.
COMMITTEE ON HYGIENE.
The duties of the Committee on Hygiene
are of an advisory nature. The committee
consults with the Committee on Property
upon matters pertaining to hygiene and sani-
tation in the construction and improvement
of school buildings.
THREE NEW COMMITTEES.
Three new committees are to be added to
the list this year, on Music, Compulsory
Education and Cooking Schools.
PHILIP S. HORTZ.
The residents of the First School Section
could not have selected a man better fitted to
look after their interests in the Board of Pub-
lic Education than was chosen for them by
the Board of Judges in the person of Philip S.
Hortz, who succeeded the late A, S. Jenks as
the representative of this growing district.
Mr. Hortz is not only a thorough Pliitadel-
phian, but he is what has been aptly termed,
in newspaper parlance, "a downtowner
through and through."
He comes of an old Philadelphia family.
His father was Charles Hortz, for many years
a member of the State Legislature and a
Southwark alderman, who is rememlDered as
having made a successful effort to check the
religious riots of 1844.
The subject of this sketch was born in the
old Southwark district, May 5, 1840, about
fourteen years before the consolidation of the
city. At an early age he entered the Mt,
Vernon School, Catharine street above Third,
but was unable to finish his studies there,
owing to ill-health. He was next sent by his
parents to Clarksboro, N. J., where he re-
mained for several years. Returning to this
city, he worked for a time in a printing office,
and later served an apprenticeship in the
paper-hanging business. In i86r he estab-
lished himself, with his brother, William R.
Hortz, in that business, and the partnership
was continued with good results for nineteen
years.
At the end of that period Mr. Hortz became
a member of the dry goods firm of John M.
Taylor & Co., but retired from business in
1883. He is now president of the Frank
Queen Publishing Co., publishers of the
"New York Clipper," he having succeeded his
brother-in-law, the late Mr. Queen, in that
position.
He was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Education December 2, 1895, and
took his seat in that body on December 12th
of the same year. He is a member of the
committees on Northeast Manual Training
School. James Forten Elementary Manual
Training School, Night Schools and Accounts.
He is always present at the meetings of
the Board, and. while not a participant in
debate, votes conscientiously upon every
question.
Mr. Hortz is a director of the Southwark
National Bank, treasurer of the South
Branch of the Young Men's Christian As-
sociation and secretary of the Southwark
Soup Society, and is prominent in church and
Sunday-school work. Beside being president
of the Board of Trustees of the Methodist
Episcopal Mariners' Bethel, Moyamensing
and Washington avenues, he is superintend-
ent of the Surday-school of that church.
Among other organizations he is connected
with Melita Lodge, No. 295, F. and A. M.;
Southwark Lodge, L O. O. F.; Knights of
Birmingham; Reliance Lodge, Ancient Order
of Linited Workmen, and Logan Tribe, Red
Men.
74
AVERV DRAPER HARRINGTON.
Avery Draper Harrington was born on a
farm in the western part of Kent County.
Delaware. February ii, 1858. He attended
the public school near his home until he
reached the age of eleven years, when his
parents removed to Dover, and he stu<hed in
the public schools there until 1874. In the
fall of that year, he entered Wyoming Insti-
tute, Wyoming, Del., and was graduated as
the valedictorian of his class in 1877.
Shortly after his graduation, Mr. Harring-
ton began to teach in one of the district
schools near his birth place, and was sub-iie-
quently elected Principal of the Odessa Public
Schools. New Castle County, where he re-
mained four years.
Mr. Harrington was the first to pass a pre-
liminary examination as a student at law in
Kent County, and registered under the Hon.
James L. Wolcott, who was subsequently
Chancellor of the State. A little later he
came to Philadelphia, continued his studies in
the ofhce of Francis Shunk Brown, Esq., and
was admitted to the bar in July, 1884. He
has since been steadily engaged in the prac-
tice of his profession.
He was elected a school director in the
Second Ward, in 1886, and was ap-
pointe<l to represent that Section in the
Board of Public Education in Decem-
ber, 1889. During his connection with
the Board, he has served on a number
of important committees and has taken
an active part in debates upon the floor
of the Board. When a member of the Night
School Committee, he was instrumental in
having the weekly sessions reduced in numoer
from four to three. He was the author of
the rule permitting pupils from private
schools to enter the higher schools, and
secured an amendment to the rules whereby
pupils below the required average are admit-
ted to the higher schools to the extent of
their capacity.
He is chairman of the Committee on
Northeast Manual Training School, and a
member of the Committees on Girls' High
School, Revision of Studies, Text-Books and
Supplies. When the public libraries were
under the control of the Board of Public Edu-
cation, he was a very active member of the
Committee on Libraries.
Mr. Harrington has been connected for more
than tweny-three years with the Methodist
Episcopal Church. He is president of the
Philadelphia Conference Laymen's Associa-
tion, a manager of the Philadelphia Confer-
ence Tract Society, the Conference Missionary
Society, the Educational Board, and the City
Missionary and Church Extension Society.
He is also a manager of the American
Sunday-school Union and the Magdalen
Home; was superintendent of Arch Street
M. E. Sunday-school and is a trustee of
Ebenezer M. E. Church.
He is a member of the Young Men's
Democratic Association and the Artisans'
Order of Mutual Protection, and is a
Past Grand of Apollo Lodge, No. 296, I. O.
O. F.
7^
JOSKPH D. MURPHV.
Joseph D. Murphy, who represents the
Third Section in the Board of Public Educa-
tion, was born in Philadelphia on August 13,
1850. His early school life was spent at St.
Joseph's College, on Willing's alley, an 1 at
fourteen he was sent to the University of
Notre Dame, near South Bend. Ind., to finish
his studies. At the age of eighteen he grad-
uated as honor man of his class. On his
return to Philadelphia he secured a position
on "The Age," a daily paper, and there laid
the foundation of a most successful career in
journalism.
In 1881 Mr. Murphy was elected a member
of theThirdSection School Board. Although
educated in private schools he took great in-
terest in the public school system and became
a most valuable member. In 1883 he was
elected a member of the City Councils and
set^'ed two terms, declining a third nomina-
tion. He was appointed Chie.' Clerk in the
office of the Surveyor of the Port, in 1885,
subsequently becoming Special Deputy Sur-
veyor.
In 1889 he resigned to accept an edi-
torial position tendered him on "The Times,"
subsequently taking a similar place on "The
Inquirer," then forging to the front as Phila-
delphia's leading daily. In 1896 he was ap-
pointed Cashier of the United States Mint at
Piiiladelphia, one of the most important
offices in the Government service.
Mr. Murphy was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education in 1891. He is
one of the leading members of that body,
being a ready debater and always evincing
great interest in educational work. He has
served on many important committeer,
notably that on Supplies, his work thereon
characterizing him as a model committeeman.
He is also one of the most active members of
the Committee on Night Schools, a work in
which his interest has been shown by the
establishment of two additional schools in the
Third Section since his entrance into the
Board, those two now having the largest at
tendance of any in the city. He is also a
member of the Committee on University, the
Committee on the James Forten Elementary
Manual Training School and the Committee
on Industrial Art Education.
Frank and outspoken, having the courage
of his convictions, and with a public record
which leaves no doubt as to his honesty of
purpose and his fearlessness in action, Mr.
Murphy is one of the most highly respected
men in the City of Philadelphia, and his ster-
ling qualities, manly personality and genial
bearing have won for him a veritable host of
friends.
WILLIAM J. MANNING.
William J. Manning, wlio represents the
Fourth Section in the Board of Public Educa-
tion, was born in Philadelphia, April i8, 1S43.
He received his elementary education in paro-
chial and public schools, and, in 1857, gradu-
ated from St. Charles College, near ElHcott's
Mills, Maryland, at the head of his class.
He went into the wholesale drug business
with William H. Shively, at 41 North Front
street, and three years later entered the retail
branch of the business with Dr. John De
Lacey at Fourth and South streets. When
the Civil War broke out he enlisted in a com-
pany of young men known as the Southwark
Guards, and was soon mustered in as a mem-
ber of Company K, Second Regiment. Penn-
sylvania Reserves, under the command of
Colonel William B. Mann.
The regiment went into camp near Kaston,
Pa., an<l was soon thereafter ordered to Sandy
Hook, opposite Harper's Ferry, and became a
part of the Army of the Potomac, under the
command of Colonel William McCandless.
Mr. Manning participated in every battle
until, at Antietam, he received a shell wound
in his right arm. After two months in the
hospital he returned to his regiment and con-
tinued in active service for two years and six
months. In recognition of his bravery he was
commissioneu Captain of Company C. One
Hundred and Ninety-sixth Regiment, Penn-
sylvania Volunteers, and came to Philadelphia
to recruit the company. He served in this
regiment until the close of the War.
In 1866 Mr, Manning was appointed secre-
tary to the Commandant at the League Island
Navy Yard, and has held that position to the
present day. Since April. 1889, he has been a
notary public.
For twelve years Mr. Manning has been a
member of the Fourth Sectional School
Board, and is serving his ninth consecutive
term as president of the Board. His earnest
attention to the duties devolving upon him as
a school director, and his solicitude for the
welfare of the schools, have won for him the
high esteem of his constituents, and when he
was chosen by the Board of Judges to succeed
P. A. Fagen, who resigned from the Board of
Public Education, his appointment caused
very general satisfaction. He serves on the
following committees: Central Manual Train-
ing School, James Forten Elementary Manual
Training School, Revision of Studies and
Legislation.
Mr. Manning was one of the organizers of
the Southern Electric Light Company, which
was incorporated in 1890. As a director of
building associations he has been active in pro-
moting the usefulness of these organizations.
He is past president of Lever Lodge, No.
150, Sexennial League; a member of the
Volunteer Firemen's Association and a di-
rector of the Samuel J. Randall Association.
79
JOHN MARIE CAMPBELL.
The member of the Board of Public Edu-
•cation from the Fifth Section, John Marie
Campbell, is the son of the late Judge James
■Campbell, who was Postmaster-General in the
■cabinet of President Franklin Pierce. Judee
Campbell was actively concerned in the cause
of education in this city, and was the first to
propose the establishment of a normal
school for girls. The son has followed in the
footsteps of his father, and when occasion
offered he nobly championed the rights of
women teachers.
Mr, Campbell was born in this city May 30,
1851, and received his early education in
private schools. He graduated from the
University of Pennsylvania in 1870, and after
three years of study in his father's office he
was admitted to the bar. In 1875 1^^ ^''s
appointed a member of the Board of Public
Education, to succeed the late Lewis C. Cas-
sidy. He has also served as the president
of the Fifth Section School Board. From
1884 to 1889 he was Surveyor of the Port,
.and in 1895 the judges showed their apprecia-
tion of his services in the Board of Public
Education and elsewhere by appointing him
to siicceed the Hon. Richard Vaux as a mem-
ber of the Board of City Trusts, in which his
father had been for twenty-five yearsan active,
energetic and sagacious member.
During his twenty-two years of service in
the Board of Pubhc Education Mr. Campbell
hasserved onalmost all of the important com-
mittees. At present he is chairman of the
Committee on University, and a member of
the James Forten Elementary' Manual Train-
ing School Committee, the Committee 0.1
Night Schools and the Committee on Phila-
delphia Normal School for Girls, and was
President of the Board of Education in 1890.
He is a member of the Hibernian Society,
Art Club, Lawyers' Club, the Catholic Club
and the Philopatrians' Institute, and he is also
connected with the management of St,
Joseph's Orphan Asylum, the oldest Roman
Cathohc Orphan Asylum in the United
States, having been incorporated December
31. -A. D. 1807. Judge Campbell, the father
of Mr. Campbell, was a manager for forty-five
years of this asylum, and Mr. Campbell has
been Secretar>' of the Board for sixteen years,
and other benevolent institutions, none of
which have reason to be ignorant of his
benefactions.
Presidential Elector upon Democratic elec-
toral ticket in 1880.
Delegate to the Democratic National Con-
ventions of 1884, 1888, 1892.
Member of the Catholic Congress at Chi-
cago, 1893.
Has been one of the recognized leaders of
the Democratic party for years. Has long
been prominent in politics. Has been a mem-
ber of nearly every Democratic State Conven-
tion since 1874. Has been chairman of tliree
Judicial Conventions, and of the Mayoralty
Convention of 1881, and of the Receiver of
Taxes Convention of 1884.
To him and to his management was the
successful campaign of Mayor King due,
and the City of Philadelphia was benefited
to an extent that the people properly appre-
ciate.
The Board of Citv Trusts is the most im-
portant board of its kind in the United States.
It has control of the vast Stephen Girard
estate, amounting to nearly fifteen millions
of dollars and the care and management of
sixteen hundred orphan children at Girard
College.
Besides, the Board of City Trusts has the
custody and control of every trust estate
given to the City of Philadelphia, including
the Wills Eye Hospital Trust, the Boudinot
and Grover Coal Trusts, for the distribution
of free coal among the deserving.
There are about forty other trusts, for
coal, wood, the entertainment of the insane,
etc., entrusted to the care of this Board.
The duties and responsibilities of this board
are most exacting and onerous.
The practice of Mr. Campbell is chiefly in
the Orphans' Court, which has the charge of
the estates of decedents. His practice is
large and some of the most important cases
have been in his charge, cases involving large
amount of money, and many very interesting
legal questions.
Mr. Campbell was a member of the Consti-
tutional Convention of Pennsylvania.
81
John Philip Gloniiiger. who represents the
Sixth Section in the Board of Public Educa-
tion, was bom in Philadelphia, November 30,
1857. He is a son of the late David Stanley
Gloninger, M. D. He received his earlv edu-
cation at the German Reformed Church
School, at Fourth and Race streets, and later
in the public schools; also in Patterson's
Select School and the Polytechnic College,
where he took a course in civil engineering
and for a year pursued this profession.
He then took up the study of law, under
the preceptorship of Charles Philips, Esq.,
and later under George Northrup, Esq. He
was admitted to the bar in May, 1881, and has
since devoted nearly all of his time to the prac-
tice of his profession.
In 1883 he was elected a member of the
Sixth Section School Board, to fill an
unexpired term and was afterward re-elected.
In 1893 he was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education to fill an unexpired
term, and the following year was reappointed
for a full term.
Mr. Gloninger comes of old Dutch stock,
many of his ancestors, both on his father's
and his mother's side, being well known men.
His great -grand-father, Hon. John Glonin-
ger, was a staff ofhcer under Washington,
Judge of the Dauphin County Court, member
of the Twelfth Congress and one of the
framers of the Constitution of Pennsylvania.
His grand-father and father were both emi-
nent physicians.
Mr. Gloninger is a member of the Commit-
tees on James Forten Elementary Manual
Training School, Industrial Art Education,
Legislation, Estimates and Audits
ANNA HALLOWELL.
Miss Anna Hallowell, who represents the
Seventh Section in the Board of Public E(hi-
cation,stands for one of the most notable feat-
ures of the educational system of Philadel-
phia, and it would be impossible to speak of
that most excellent institution, the James
Forten Elementary Manual Training School,
without telling of a great work which she,
almost single-handed, has accomplished. Nor
has her work been confined to the Forten
School. To her is due the credit for inaugu-
rating in the city the system of free kindergar-
tens.
Miss Hallowell belongs to a representative
Quaker family. She is a daughter of the late
Morris Longstreth Hallowell. Her education
was pursued under the care of Mary Anna and
Susan Longstreth, then prominent in educa-
tional annals, and she numbered among her
classmates many who have become well-
known women.
During the Civil War Miss Hallowell was
active in nursing wounded soldiers, hoth at
her own home and in the local hospitals.
Later she was actively interested in the
toundation of the Woman's Hospital and
Medical College. She was a student in the
first small medical classes and a member of
the board of managers. She instituted the
Harvard examinations for women in Philadel-
phia, and remained secretary of the organiza-
tion having this matter in hand until, in
1881. it was disbanded.
In the fall of 1879 ^^'ss Hallowell organized
the first free kindergarten in Philadelphia, in
the public school building at Twenty-second
and Locust streets. This was the beginning
of the system of public kindergartens, which
now number over one hundred, and that they
have steadily grown in number, and in eftic:-
ency as well, is in a large measure due to her
untiring efforts.
In 1882 Miss Hallowell was appointed chair-
man of the First Committee of Women Visi-
tors for Philadelphia County of th; Board of
Public Charities. This office she still retains.
As chairman of the Sub-Committee on the
Care of Dependent Children of the Charity
Organization, she organized the Sui)-Primary
School Society, incorporated June 9, 1881.
This organization organized and controlled a
number of free kindergartens, which, in 1887.
it turned over to the Board of Public Educa-
tion.
Miss Hallowell was the founder of the Chil-
dren's i\id Society, in 1882, and served for
several years as president. About the same
time she aided in the establishment of a kin-
dergarten and industrial school on St. Mary
street. Later she came into the possession of
Starr Garden, which she subsequently pre-
sented to the City Parks Association, and
which has recently been enlarged and im-
proved for the purposes of a public park.
Miss Hallowell was appointed a member of
the Board of Public Education, January '.
1887, at the time when the Sub-Primary
School Societv turned over thirtv-two kinder-
gartens to the care of the Board. She was
the first woman who had ever received an
appointment in this city. She has since per-
formed excellent service on important com-
mittees. She is chairman of the Committee
on the James Forten Eementary Manual
Training School, and a member of the Com-
mittees on'^^ormal School, Qualification of
Teachers and Estimates.
She is a member .of the Xew Centnrv
Chib and chairman of the Advisory
Board of the College Settlement, St.
Mary street; of the Advisory Board of
W Omen of the Drexel Institute, and of
the ICducational Department of the Civic
Club.
Simon firatz, President of the Board
of Public Education, has been a member
of that body since January i, 1870. when
he was appointed to succeed Roi»ert N. Will-
son. Esq. [now Judge Willson], His contin-
uous serviceof twenty-six years exceeds, with
a single exception, that of any other member
of ihe Board.
Mr. Gratz is descended from an old Phila-
delphia family. He received his preparatory
etlucation at the classical school of Mr. Henry
D.Gregory, and before be had reached the age
of thirteen was admitted to the Freshman
class of the University of Pennsylvania. He
completed the four years' course in the De-
partment of Arts of that institution, and was
graduated with the degree of A. B. Four
years afterwards he received from his .Ainia
Mater the degree of A. M.
He then entered the law offices of Hon.
Garrick Maller\' and Furman Sheppard, and
the law department of the University of
Pennsylvania, as a student of law. .\ftcr
completing his preparation for the legal pro-
fession, he was admitted to practice in the
courts of this city. Prior to his admission to
the bar. and while yet in his minority, he was
elected a member of the House of Represent-
atives of Pennsylvania. He served one term,
and declined to be a candidate for re-
election.
Shortly after bis admi.ssion to the bar. he
received the appointment of .-\ssistaut City
Solicitor, and held this position for three
years. During this time be was admitted to
practice in the Supreme Court of the United
States.
At the close of the year 1869 he was ap-
pointee! as the representative of the Eighth
Section in the Board of Public Education.
Soon after taking his seat as a member of the
Board. President Stanton placed him upon
the Committee on the tiirls' Normal School,
In 187C1 he was made chairman of that com-
mittee, and ever since has held this posi-
tion. Under these circumstances it was
quite natural that the Normal School
should be the particular object of his
care, and that its interests should claim
his chief attention. At the time of his
appointment on this committee, the school
was located in a small building on Ser-
geant street, had a curriculum of two years
only, and was without a school of prac-
tice. How great a change has been accom-
plished since then is known to all. To-day,
instead of having a single small school which
attempted to do the work of a High as well as
of a Normal school, the city prides itself on
the possession of a splendid High School for
girls, with three distinct courses of study,
and a separate Normal School, perfectly
equipped, with a large school of practice, and
a course of study at least equal, if not supe-
rior, to that of any other Normal school in the
United States.
Those who best know how much persist-
ent energy was needed to accomplish this re-
sult also know how large a share of the credit
for final success is due to the indefatigable
efforts of Mr. Gratz. While, however, he has
taken special interest in this particular
school, he has always given full and close at-
tention to the general work of the Board. No
one has been more active in securing the
adoption of the great educational advances
that have been made in the public schools
during the last twenty years. No one has
more strenuously and effectively advocated
them in debate.
Mr. Gratz has uniformly declined to
be a candidate for the presidency of the
Board. Twice he was chosen Presi-
dent pro tem. He served in this capacity
from April to November, 1884, during the
absence of President Steel. In February
1895, he was again chosen to this position, in
consequence of the ill-health of President
Sheppard; and for two years he discharged
the duties of the chair as President pro tem.
\\^hen Mr. Sheppard resigned from the Board
Mr. Gratz was urged for the presidency, but
refused to become a candidate. Notwith-
standing this refusal, however, he was unani-
mously elected at the meeting for organiza-
tion in January, 1897, and his election is re-
garded as an honest tribute of the high es-
teem in which he is held in the Board of Pub-
lic Education. Besides being elected presi-
dent he was further honored by the passage
of a resolution, requesting him to retain the
chairmanship of the Committee on the Phila-
delphia Normal School.
About twelve years ago, on receiving an
appointment as a member of the Board of
Revision of Taxes, Mr. Gratz retired from the
active practice of his profession. He has been
continuously reappointed to this office, and is
now the president of the Board. He has for
many years been a member of the board of
trustees of Jefferson Medical College of Phil-
adelphia, and is chairman of its college com-
mittee.
He is also amemberof the board of trustees
of the Free Public Library of Philadelphia,
and of the board of trustees of the Philadel-
phia Public Museums, in both of which insti-
tutions he takes a deep and active interest.
Having a fondness for historical and anti-
(juarian research, he has been elected a life
member of a number of State historical so-
cieties, and is the honorary vice-president for
Pennsylvania of the State Historical Society
of Wisconsin.
s»>
DR. THOMAS G. MORTON.
One of the most prominent pliysicians of
Philadelphia is Dr. Thomas G. Morton, who
represents the Nintli Section in the Board of
Public Education. Dr. Morton was born in
Philadelphia, August 8, 1835. His father
was Samuel George Morton, M. D., also a
well-known physician, who was President of
the Academy of Natural Sciences, and author
of "Crania Americana." etc. etc.
Dr. Morton received liis early education in
the Academic Department of the University
of Pennsylvania, and he was matriculated in
the freshman class of the University in 1850.
He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine,
in 1856, from the Medical Department of the
same institution. He then served as resident
surgeon successively in St. Joseph's Hospital,
Wills Eye Hospital and the Pennsylvania
Hospital.
In 1859 he became attending surgeon in th:
Wills Eye Hospital, and continued in this
position until 1874, when he resigned and was
made emeritus surgeon. In 1862 he was
elected consulting surgeon to the Pennsyl-
vania Institution for the Blind. Two years
preiious he had been elected pathologist and
curator to the Pennsylvania Hospital, and in
this capacity lie founded the Pathological
Museum. In 1863 he was appointed curator
of the Mutter Museum, of the College of Phy-
sicians of Philadelphia, and the following year
was elected surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hos-
pital, ami in this institution he has been the
senior surgeon and president of the medical
and surgical staff since 1893.
.\t different periods during the past forty
years. Dr. Morton has been surgeon to the
Jewish Hospital, surgeon to the Howard
Hospital and Howard Home; consulting sur-
geon to the Pennsylvania Institution for the
Deaf and Dumb, to the Woman's Hospital
and the Elwyn Training School for Feeble
Minded Children: professor of orthopaedic
surgery in the Philadelphia Polyclinic and
College for Graduates in Medicine, and assis-
tant demonstrator of anatomy in the Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania. He founded the Ortho-
paedic Hospital in 1867, and has been senior
surgeon of the same since that time.
In the Civil War, Dr. Morton nerformed
noteworthy service. He was acting assistant
surgeon in the army from 1862 to 1864; con-
sulting surgeon to Mower U. S. A. Hospital,
Cliestnut Hill, in 1863: acting surgeon, U. S.
A., 1864, as such organizing the U. S. A. Hos-
pital at Twelfth and Buttonwood streets,
Philadelphia, and continuing in charge of the
same until it was closed. He also served in
several other hospitals during the War.
Dr. Morton was appointed a Commissioner
of Public Charities bv Governor Pattison and
served for fifteen years through reappoint-
ments by succeeding governors. He was
chairman of the Committee on Lunacv from
1886 to 1895. He was appointed by Gov-
ernor Hartranft a member of the commission
for the erection of the State Hospital for tlu
Insane, Norristown, Pa., and was chairman of
the Committee on Plans and Building.
He was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Education in 1890. He has been
chairman of the Committee on Girls' High
School for a number of years. He is a mem-
ber of the Committees on Philadelphia Nor-
mal School for Girls, and on Supplies, Office
and Hygiene.
He was president of the Society for the
Restriction of Vivisection, 1885-86; vice-
president and surgeon of the Society to Pro-
tect Children from Cruelty; Fellow of the
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, since
1861; member Academy of Natural Sciences,
1856; American Medical Association, 1864;
Philadelphia County Medical and Pathol-
ogical Societies; Fellow of the Phila-
delphia Academy of Surgery, and presi-
dent since 1895. American Surgical
Association, 1880 to date. He is one
of the Vestry of the Epiphany Episcopal
Church, member of the Colonial Society, and
a companion of the First Class of the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United
States; a member of the Society of Colonial
Wars, Sons of the Revolution, Union League,
since 1864, also of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania; an original member of the
Committee of One Hundred, an Honorary
Member of the Societe de Medicine Mentale
of Belgium and Corresponding Member of
the British Orthopaedic Society.
In 1854 he was elected a member of the
Philadelphia Cricket Club. In October, 1896,
he was elected a member of the British Or-
thopaedic Society; and in December was
elected consulting surgeon of the Pennsylva-
nia Epileptic Hospital and Colony Farm.
88
Thomas A. Robinson, who represents the
Tenth Section in the Board of Public Educa-
tion, was born in Burlington, N. J., December
I, 1820. He was educated in private schools
and came to Philadelphia at the age of fifteen.
He engaged first in the dry goods and then
in the grocery business, retiring in 1874.
Mr. Robinson is well known for his deeds
of charity, and is actively interested in many
enterprises having for their object the
amelioration of the condition of the poor.
He is also treasurer and a member of the
board of managers of the House of Refuge;
vice-president of the Magdalen Society and
a member of the Prison Discipline Society.
He is a member of the Council of the
Academy of Natural Sciences. He is also
active in church work, being a vestryman in
Grace Church.
Mr. Robinson was appointed a member
of the Board of Public Education in 1884,
after serving several years as a school
director. He is a member of the Committees
on Central High School, Central Manual
Training School, Text Books, Industrial
Art Education and Qualification of Teachers.
Mr. Robinson is not only a public man of
high reputation and a philanthropist — he is
also an extremely modest man. The absence
of his portrait in this volume testifies to his
possession in an eminent degree of this
(juality.
89
WILLIAM H. K Lt'KENS.
William H. R. Liikens, member of the
Board of Public Education from the Elcventb
Section, was born in Philadelphia, May 17,
1857. He was etlncated in the public schools
of the Eleventh and Twefth Sections and later
attended a business college, after which he
went into the stationery business at the
northwest corner of Second and Brown
streets. He subsequently gave up mercantile
life to enter the law offices of Lewis D. Vail,
Esq. In June, 1883, he graduated from
the Law Department of the University
of Pennsylvania, was admitted to the
bar and has been in active practice ever
since.
In 1892 Mr. Lukens was appointed a mem-
ber of the Eleventh Section School Board
and was afterward re-elected. In December,
1895, he was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education and is now serving
on th.; Committees on the Central Manual
Training School, Night Schools, Estimates,
Audits and Bv-Laws and Rules.
He is a thirty-second degree Mason, Past
Master of Integrity Lodge. No. 187, F. & A.
M.; a member of Columbia Chapter, Past
Commander of Kensington Commandery,
No. 54, K. T. ; member of Lulu Temple, A. A.
0. N. M. S,; also Philadelphia Consistorj-.
He is a member of Fidelity Lodge, No. 138,
1. O. O. P., and has represented that lodge in
the Board of Trustees of the Odd Fellows'
Cemetery Company for the past twelve years.
He has been chairman of the Finance Com-
mittee for the past nine years. He is also
treasurer of The Grand Fraternity. Mr,
Lukens is a member of the Fourth Baptist
Church and assistant superintendent of the
Sunday-school connected therewith.
He is one of the most punctual members of
the Board, never missing either a meeting of
the main body, nor of any committee of which
be is a member. Though seldom partici-
pating in debate, he is not slow to point
out any defects that he finds existing in school
management.
THOMAS A. GRACE.
Thomas A. Grace, who represents tlie
Twelfth Section in the Board of Public Edu-
cation, was born in Philadelphia, in the dis-
trict of the Northern Liberties, December 4,
1819. He was educated in private schools.
For forty-two years he was in active business
in Philadelphia, and retired in 1884. He has
lived in his present home for fifty-four years.
Mr. Grace was elected to membership in the
board of directors of the Twelfth Section in
1859. He served in this capacity for eighteen
years. In 1865 he became a member of the
Board of Public Education, being chosen to
fill the unexpired term of W. W. Levick. He
was president of the Twelfth Section School
Board for one year and secretary for three
years.
In October, 1896, he was again appointed
a member of the Board of Public Education,
this time to fill the unexpired term of the late
Dr. A. H. McAdam.
Mr. Grace is a remarkably well-informed
man on matters of public education, his long
experience being of much value to him. He
takes great interest in the schools of his Sec-
tion, and from present indications will soon be
counted among the active workers of the
Board. His selection as the representative of
the Twelfth Section is a most fortunate one
for the school interests of that Section.
DR MARTIN HENRY WILLIAMS.
Dr. Martin Henry Williams, who repre-
sents the Thirteenth Section in tlie Boan! of
Pubhc Education, was born in Philadelphia.
Aufjiist 6, 1862. He was educated in the
public schools of this city, and at the age of
seventeen, after a short experience as a sales-
man for a wholesale shoe house, he entered
into business on his own account as manu-
facturer of shoe uppers, his capital consisting
of his own earnings and savings. Before he
had reached his majority he had accumulated
sufficient funds to enable him to take up the
study of medicine, and he relinquished the
business in which he had so successfully en-
gaged.
He graduated from Jefferson Medical Col-
lege in 1887, and at once entered upon the
active practice of his profession. He was
made Assistant Demonstrator of Pathology
at Jefferson shortly after his graduation, and
also assistant in the anatomical department.
He is now Assistant Surgeon in the Jefferson
College Hospital.
He was for three years Instructor of Clin-
ical Microscopy, and for some time Assistant
Physician to the Philadelphia Sanitarium.
He is also Consulting PathologisttothePhil-
adelphia I-ying-in Charity, physician to the
Franklin Reformatory Home, and director of
the Laboratory of Pathology and Bacleriol-
'^gy 3' JefTerson College.
Dr. Williams has the record of administer-
ing anaesthetics to over six thousand per- .
sons. For several years he has been assistant
to Dr. W. W. Keen. Professor J. H. Brinton
and Professor Joseph Hearn.
He takes an active interest in the Philadel-
phia Turngemeinde, of which he is a member,
and was instrumental in bringing about the
establishment of the first German school
opened under its auspices.
He was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Education in 1895, and is a member
of the Committees on Central Manual Train-
ing School. Office, Legislation. Property and
Hygiene. While he is a good committeeman
he is never forgetful of the schools of his Sec-
tion, and is successfully endeavoring to bring
ai»oiit improvements in them.
Dr. Williams is a member of Washington
Lodge. No. 59, F. and A. M.; a representa-
tive of the National Comicil, Jr. O. U. A. M.;
a Past Grand Commander. Legion of the
Red Cross; a member of the Improved
Order of the Heptosophs and of the Royal
Arcanum.
V M, SPANOLER.
Andrew M. Spangler, who represents tlis
Fourteenth Section in the Board of Public
Education, was born in the town of York, Pa.,
December 13, 1818. At the age of eleven he
was taken from school and apprenticed for
seven years in the tanning and currying busi-
ness. Subsequently he served an additional
year and a half under instruction in the city of
Bahimore. Failing health compeI!e<l him to
abandon the trade.
Mr. Spangler taught school for nearly two
years on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and.
returning to his native place, for two years be
taught one of the public schools there, and
read medicine with Dr. James W. Kerr. He
was elected lieutenant-colonel of the Ninety-
fourth Regiment, First Bripade, Fifth Divis-
ion, P, M.
Realizing the need of a better education \\z
left York, entered the preparatory school of
Marshall College, at Mercersburg, Pa,, was
promoted to the Sophomore class after six
nionths' preparatory training, and continued
his studies to the end of the collegiate course,
graduating September 9, 1846.
In 1850 he engaged with his brother in the
Iwok and stationery business. He then be-
came editor of the "Lancaster Gazette." and
subse<iuently commenced the pubHcationof the
"Farm Journal." He has been actively con-
nected with journalism for lifty-six years, and
has been editorially associated with "The
Evening Star" of this city for the past
thirty years. He moved to Philadelphia
in 185J, and in 1883 was appointed a member
of the Board of Public Education. During
his membership he has pioneered several im-
portant measures, notably that of changing
the sy.stem of seating in the public school-
rooms. He has been chairman of the Com-
mittee on Industrial Art Education for eleven
years, and has always been an earnest advo-
cate of educational reform, especiallv in the di-
rection of greater attention to practical train-
ing in the lower grades.
Mr. Spangler is a member of the Commit-
tees on Northeast Manual Training School,
James Forten Elementary Manual Training
School. Legislation and Superintendence.
Mr. Spangler was for three years one of the
Board of State Fishery Commissioners, and
is the author of several books on fishing. One
of these volumes is entitled "Paradise for Gun-
ners and Anglers." anotlier, "Near-by Fishing
in Fresh and Salt \\'aters within a Radius of
One Hundred Miles of Philadelphia."
HENRY RLEVES EDMUNDS,
Henry Reeves Edmunds, who represents
the Fifteenth Section in the Board of I'uhlic
Education, was born in Philadelphia, January
17, 1840. He was educated in the public
schools, graduating; from the Central High
School in 1856. For a short time thereafter
he engaged in the drug business and later
began the study of law in the offices of John
O'Brien. He was admitted to the bar on
Januarj- 19, 1861, and has ever since engaged
in active practice.
In 18S3, Mr. Edmunds was appointed
United States Commissioner for the Eastern
District of Pennsylvania, and in 1885
Commissioner for the United States Court
of Claims. When Judge Cadwalader died
Mr. Edmunds was urged for appointment as
his successor, and he has several times lieen
solicited to become a candidate for a judge-
ship in the Common Pleas Court. As an
admiralty lawyer he has attained a most
enviable reputation.
Mr. E<lmuuds was appointed a mem-
ber of the Board of Public Education in
1889. and has performed most excellent
service in connection therewith. His chief
work, perhaps, was the estabhshment and
successful conduct of the pubhc libraries
while they were under tJie control of the
Board, he being chairman of the Committee
on Public Libraries. His sketch as a mem-
ber of the Board should not be read except
as supplemented by the chapter on Public
Libraries, in which somewhat of the scope of
the work which he, as chairman of the com-
mittee. ha<l to perform is portrayed. He
purchased the major portion of the books,
and in many ways contributed largely to the
success of the libraries.
Mr. Edmunds is at present chairman of the
Connnittee on Text-Books and a member of
the Committees on Central High School,
Girls' High School, University and Qualifica-
tion of Teachers.
He lias been a member of the Five O'Clock
Club since its organization, and was at one
time president. Is a director of the Chil-
dren's Homeopathic Hospital and vice-presi-
dent of the American Hospital for Diseases of
the Stomach.
JAMES HUGHES,
James Hughes who represents the Seven-
teenth Section in the Board of Pnhhc Educa-
tion was born in 1834 in the town of
Ballycastle, County Antrim, Ireland, He re-
ceived hiseducation in the schools of his native
town, and in 1852 he came to this cnnntry,
arriving in New York on the first day of June.
Coming to Philadelphia, he found employ-
ment as a clerk in a grocery store on Market
street, and continued to fill similar positions
until 1859.
In June, 1859, he started in business as a
grocer at his present location, at the north-
west corner of Third and Thompson streets,
where he succeeded Henry Crilly, a well-
known citizen of Kensington, At the spring
election of 1868 he was elected a school di-
rector in the Seventeenth Section, and being
re-elected he continued to serve until the end
of 1881. During that period he served first as
secretary and then as president of the Hoard.
He was appointed a member of the Board of
Public Education, succeeding the late Dr,
John MacAvoy. He has served as a member
of the Committee on Accounts, of which he
was chairman for a number of years, and also
on the Committees on Revision of Studies and
Music, At the present time he is member of
the Committees on Superintendence, By-
Laws and Rules. Grammar, Secondary and
Primary Schools, Xortheast Manual Training
School and \ight Schools. He has been a
member of the last named committee for
fourteen years.
He was a member of the delegation that
accompanied the late President Edward T.
Steel to Boston and Quincy, to inquire into
the Quincy methods of teaching.
Mr, Hughes is a charter member of Zion
P. E. Church, northeast corner of Eighth
street and Columbia avenue, and served as a
vestryman for a number of years. He is also
a director of the Northern Soup Society.
For a nniuber of years he has taken an interest
in the .\niencan merchant marine, and is a
part owner in several vessels.
Alexander Adaire, member of the Board of
Public Education (rem the Eigliteenth Sec-
tion, was born in Philadelphia. May 7. 1834,
and was educated in the Philadelphia public
schools. He has lived in Kensington all his
life, where he is well known and highly re-
spected. After he left school Mr. .^daire be-
came a builder. For the last twenty-five
years he has been engaged in the lumber busi-
ness, and has been eminently successful.
He was appointed a member of the Board of
Public Education in 1874, and has served on
the most important committees. His chief
work has been in connection with the night
schools. He has for many years been chair-
tnan of the Night School Committee, and it is
largely through his efforts that these schools
have been made so efficient. Three years ago
he was instrumental in bringing about the
successful introduction of sewing in the night
schools, and has been identified with nearly
every improvement effected in them within
recent years.
Mr. Adaire performed most notable service
as chairman of the Committee on Revision of
Studies, at the time of Dr. Mac.Mister's super-
intendency, when the present graded course
of study was adopted. His earnest efforts;
in this connection to accomplish such results
as would be to the best interests of the
schools, won for him the admiration of manv
persons who were watching with interest the
proceedings of the committee. After Dr.
Mac.Mister bad severed his connection with
the public schools he wrote to Mr. Adaire, ex-
I)ressing his warm acknowledgments for the
encouragement and assistance he had received
in his work.
The committees of which Mr. Adaire is now
a member are the following: Central High
School, University, Night Schools, Esti-
mates and Property.
Mr. A<iaire was for a number of years a
member of the State Legislature, representing
the district in which he has always resided.
He is a member of the Board of Trade, Lum-
bermen's Exchange and other organizations.
He has always endeavored to conscienti-
ously and consistently discharge his duties as
a menii)er of the Board of Public Education.
Helias stood fearlessly for what he has bjlieved
to he right and in the interests of the public
schools. The night schools, in particular,
testify to the care witli which he attends to
the work which falls to him in connection
with public education.
DR. MATTHEW J. WILSON.
Dr. Matthew J. Wilson, member of the
Board of PiiMic Education from the Nine-
teenth Section, was Ijorn in Philadelphia, May
31. 1861. He was educated in the public
schools of this city, including the Price and
William H. Hunter Schools. After leaving;
school he studied pharmacy with his brother,
and in 1881 graduated from the Philadelphia
College of Pharmacy.
He afterward studied medicine with Dr.
Francis X. Dercum, now Professor of Neu-
rology in Jefferson Medical College. He also
hegan a course in medicine in the University
of Pennsylvania, but at the end of his first
year was obliged to leave college on account
of ill-health. He subsequently resumed his
studies, taking a course in the medical depart-
"lent of the University of Vermont, and grad-
uating with honor in 1883. Since that time
'•e has been engage<l in a general practice in
Philadelphia.
He was appointed a member of the Board of
Public Education in March. 1895. to fill the
unexpired term of the late William F. Miller.
and has since attended conscientiously to bis
duties in connection with the Board. He is
a member of the Committees on Philadelphia
Normal School for Girls. Northeast Manual
Training School. Night Schools, Qualifica-
tion of Teachers and Hygiene, being chair-
man of the last named committee. He
takes especial interest in the night schools
and the Normal School, and is an earn-
est advocate of improved methotls of
teaching and the higher education of
teachers.
He is a member of Radiant Star Lodge, No.
606, F. and A. M.; Harmony Royal Arch
Chapter. No. 52; St. Alban Commandery,
No. 47. K. T.: Lu Lu Temple. A. A. O. N.
M. S.: Cincinnatus Lodge, No. 206, I. O. O.
F. : Tohickon Tribe, I. O. R. M.; Phoenix
Castle, K. M. C. ; the Anti-Cobden Club and
the Pennsylvania Branch of the Scotch-Irish
Society.
Dr. Wilson has written a number of papers
for medical magazines and is a regular con-
tributor to the "Codex Medicus."
THOMAS EDWARD MERCHANT.
Thomas Edward Merchant, who represents
the Twentieth Section in the Board of Public
Education, was born in Philadelpliia, April 1 1,
1844. He entered private school at the age
of five years, and public school a year later.
He was admitted to the Central High School
in July, 1857, having been refused admission
in January on account of not being of the re-
quired age. After leaving the High School
he studied conveyancing.
When theCivtIWar broke out Mr. Merchant
dropped his studies and entered the service of
the United States as a private in the Eighty-
fourth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers.
He was soon after promoted to the i"ank of
corporal and was assigned, on the field of
Chancellors vi lie, to duty in the color guard,
on the 3d of May, 1863. He so continued
until December, being then promoted to the
rank of sergeant. Bravery and attention to
duties were followed by quick advancement,
he being made sergeant-major on the ist of
June, 1864; second lieutenant, to rank from
September ist; first lieutenant, to rank from
September 6th; assigned to duty as a<ljutant
October 12th. Upon the consolidation of the
Eighty-fourth and Fifty-seventh Pennsyl-
vania Regiments, on the 13th of January,
1865, lie was transferred to the latter rep-i-
ment; then promoted to adjutant, to rank
from April 5, 1865; breveted captain United
States Volunteers, and mustered out with his
regiment June 29, 1865.
Mr. Merchant was admitted to the Phila-
delphia bar. January 29. 1870, and subse-
quently to the bar of the State Supreme Court
and the United States Courts. He was ap-
pointed a member of the Board of Public Edu-
cation on June 6, 1S87, and has served upon
the following committees: Central High
School, Girls' High School, Grammar.
Secondary and Primary Schools, Night
Schools, Industrial Art School, Public Libra-
ries, Text-Books, Supplies, Office, Accounts.
Estimates and By-Laws and Rules. He is
now serving on the Committees on Girls'
High School, Grammar. Secondary and
Primary Schools, Night Schools and By-
Laws and Rules. He is chairman of the
Committee on Estimates.
Mr. Merchant is a member of the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion; Past Commander
of Post No. 2, Grand Army of the Republic
and Past Master of \Vashington Lodge, No.
59, F. and A. M.
He is one of the most forceful and convinc-
ing speakers on the floor of the Board of Pub-
lic Education, and his courteous bearing and
unquestioned Jionesly of purpose have won
for him many friends.
RUDOLPH S. WALTON.
Rudolph S. Walton, who represents tlie
Twenty-first Section in the Board of Public
Education, was born in Philadelphia on De-
cember 28, 1826. He received his education
in private schools, save for a short period
spent in what is now the Madison Combined
School. New Market street above Noble.
He served an apprenticeship in the hat
finishing business, and soon after reaching
manhood established a business of his own.
In April. 1876. when John Wanamaker was
aiK)ut to open his establishment at Thirteenth
and Market streets, Mr. Walton was induced
to transfer his business to that place. His
department was the first of any now in con-
nection therewith to open.
Mr. Walton retired from active participa-
tion in business in February. 1896, but "till
retains an office in the Wanamaker establijh-
ment, holding an honorary and advisory
relation to the house.
He was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Education in May, 1892, and has
served upon the following committees: Text-
Books. University, Supplies, Girls' High
School and Industrial Art. He is now serv-
ing upon the Committees on Philadelphia
Normal School for Girls, Central Manu::!
Training School, Grammar, Secondary and
Primary Schools. Revision of Studies, Night
Schools and Accounts. He is chairman of
the last named committee.
In addition to his interest in public educa-
tion, Mr. Walton has been active in the man-
agement of the Walton School, a private
school for girls at Twenty-first and Spruce
streets, and is actively interested in Bethany
College, Twenty-second and Pine streets,
of which he is one of the vice-presi-
dents. He is also a manager of St. Timothy's
Memorial Hospital, of Roxborough, being a
charter member.
For over forty-eight years Mr. Walton has
been actively and continuously engaged in
Sunday-school work in connection with the
Presbyterian Church, and he is now one of the
associate superintendents of Bethany Sunday-
school.
a21815B
CHARLES E. MORGAN. JR.
Charles E. Morgan, Jr., member of the
Board of Public Education from tbe Twenty-
second Section, was born in Philadelphia in
1844. He was educated in this city and
graduated from the University of Pennsyl-
vania in 1864.
He studied law in the office of the
late Hon. William A. Porter, and was ad-
mitted to the bar early in 1868. In Jan-
uary. 1878, he was appointed First .Assistant
City Solicitor of Philadelphia, an<l served
in that capacity for two terms of three years
each.
Ill 1893 he was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education, succeeding Her-
bert Welsh. He is chairman of the Commit-
tee on Office and a member of the Commit-
tees on Central High School, Girls' High
School, University of Pennsylvania and Bv-
T.aws and Rules.
RICHARDSON L. WRIGHT.
In December, 1872, Richardson L. Wrif^lit
was appointed a member of tlie Board of Pub-
lic Education for the Twenty-third Section,
and the January following he took his seat in
that body.
In early boyhood he was a pupil in the Mt.
\'ernon (Grammar School under Samuel F.
Watson, and in the Locust Street Grammar
School imder Mr. Clcavinger, and subse-
quently in the private academy of Lewis \V.
Burnett. As a boy and young man he had
access to the best libraries in the city, which
enabled him to indulge his taste for reading
standard works of the best authors.
During his entire public career Mr. Wright
lias taken a lively interest in the course of edu-
cation and in improving lines of instruction
and methods of teaching. Before the intro-
duction of the system of superintendency he
was chairman of a committee having for its
object the preparation of a new course of
study for the elementary schools, and took a
jirominent part in securing its adoption by the
Board of Public Education. During his
membership in the Board he has served on the
Committees on Central High and Girls' High
Schools, Property, Supplies. Revision of
Studies an<l Libraries. And while giving un-
reserved attention to the duties pertaining to
the supervision of the school system through-
out the city, he has not been unmindful of th'j
Section he represents.
While in consultation with Dr. Charles J.
Stille, then Provost of the University of Penn-
sylvania, on tile subject of connecting the
public school system with the University, the
Provost expressed a desire to grant free
scholarships to boys from the grammar
schools. The present system of prize
scholarships had its origin in this early sug-
gestion of Dr. Stille. Mr. Wright was for
many years chairman of the Committee on
University.
In his political associations he belongs to
the Democratic organization, having received
inspirationand instruction from the examples
and teachings of Presidents Jackson and Van
Euren, and the statesmen of the school of
Silas Wright, Thomas H. Benton and Samuel
J. Tilden. In 1852 he was elected a member
of the Legislature from the County of Phila-
delphia, and was re-elected four years in suc-
cession. During his terms in the House he
served on its most important committees, and
during the session of 1855 he was often called
to the chair as speaker pro tern.
In the autumn of 1853 the subject of the
consolidation of the various districts of the
city into one municipality was discussed, and
at a meeting held in the Merchants' Exchange
a committee was appointed to take measures
for its accomplishment. A sub-committee,
composed of William L. Hirst, Esq., and
Richardson L. Wright was appointed to pre-
pare a bill for submission to the Legislature
embracing the objects sought for. During the
session of 1854 the Act of Consolidation was
submitted to the Legislature and enacted into
law. Mr. Wright was secretary of the com-
mittee of members from the citv and county,
and adjusted pending amendments in the
order and form in which the Act of Consoli-
dation passed both Houses and received the
approval of the Governor.
In 1856 he was chosen Speaker of the
House of Representatives, being the third
gentleman from the County of Philadelphia
to receive that honor in sixty-six years. In
the autumn of 1856 he was elected a member
of the Senate, serving in that body on the
Committee on Finances, and as chairman of
the Committee on Corporations. The jour-
nals of the House of Representatives and
Senate during his seven years' continuous
service in those bodies, bear testimony to his
zeal and interest in all questions submitted or
under discussion before them.
At the close of his term in the Senate he
received the nomin^^tion of his political friends
for the oflfice of Auditor-General of Penn-
sylvania. After the close of the War,
bv the selection of the Citv Councils,
lie served two vears in the Board of Port
Wardens.
Mr. Wright is a member of the Protestant
Episcopal Church and has served as a dele-
gate in its conventions upwards of thirty
vears.
lO^
KDWARD LEWiS.
The Tweiity-toiirlli Section is represeiite<l
in the Board of Public Education by Edward
Lewis, a man of long experience in business
and educational work. Mr. Lewis was
J>orn in Wilmington. Del., February j8, 1819.
He received his early education in private
schools, mainly in Philadelphia, and has been
a resilient of this city since 1831 For over
thirty years he was en^age<l in mercantile pur-
suits, but since 1875 has not been in active
business.
He was appointed a member of the Board
of Public Education in 1879, and has served
continuously since that time. During the ad-
ministration of Edwanl T. Steel as president,
from 1879 to 1889, Mr. Lewis was chairman
of the Committee on Property, and was instru-
mental inbringingabottt a number of improve-
ments in the construction and fitting up of
school buildings. He served on several other
important conmiittees during that period or
|)ortions of it, inckiding the Committees on
Central and Girls' High Schools, Philadelphia
Normal School for Girls, Text-Books, Uni-
versity and Qualihcation of Teachers.
He is now chairman of the Committee on
Central Manual Training School, and a mem-
ber of the following committees: University,
(Qualification of Teachers, Property and Su-
perintendence.
Mr. Lewis was actively interested in the in-
troduction of manual training into the Phila-
delphia public school .system. He was also
active in bringing about the introduction of
cooking in the normal and grammar schools.
He isa very regular attendant at the meetings
of the P>oard, and looks carefully after the in-
terests of his Section.
Thomas W. Marchment, member of the
, Board of PubHc Education from tiie Twenty-
fifth Section, was born in Philadelphia in
1820. He attended private schools.and early
in lifewent into the shoe manufacturing busi-
ness, retiring at the ag:e of fifty.
Mr. Marchment was appointed a member
of the Board of Controllers, as the BoanI of
Public Education was then known, in 1855,
to represent the Eleventh Section, and after
serving for seven years he resigned. He was
again appointed a member of the Board of
Public Education in 1884, this time to repre-
sent the Twenty-fifth Section, and has served
ever since.
Mr. Marchment was elected to Common
Council in 1876. He is now in the public ser-
vice not only as a member of the Board of
Public Education, but also as a real estate
assessor.
'. MARCHMENT,
Mr. Marchment is a regular attendant
at the meetings of the Board, and faith-
fully performs the duties assigned to
him in connection with committee work.
He is chairman of the Committee on
Qualification of Teachers, and a mem-
ber of the Committees on Northeast
Manual Training School, Granmiar, Sec-
ondary and Primary Schools, Supphes and
Audits.
For more than fifty years he hai been a
member of the Sons of Temperance, and for
over twenty-five years he has been Grand
Deputy Worthy Patriarch of Diligent Di-
vision. No. 122. Since the time of its organi-
zation Mr. ^[archment has been connected
with the famous Philadelphia Skating Club
and Humane Society, and for the past
twenty-five years has been president of the
organization.
Paul Kavaiiagh. wlio represents the
Twenty-sixth Section in the Board of Piilihc
Kdiicatioii, was born in Philadelphia, March
13. 1848. He was educated in the puhHc
schools, inchulinfi the Locust Street Gram-
mar School.
His official relations with the public school
system began in 1876. when he was elected
a school director in the Twenty-sixth Sec-
tion to fill an unexpired term. He was
elected in 1877 for a full term and re-electe<l
in 1880. In 1883 lie was appointed to rep-
resent his Section in the Board of Public Edu-
cation, and in 1889 he was appointed chair-
man of the Committee on Property. He has
held this position ever since.
The chairmanship of the Committee on
Property is one of the most important
posts, if not the most important, held
by any member of the Board, and has
always been so considered. To fill this ciiair-
manship acceptably requires a business man
of ability, experience and tact, and these
qualities Mr. Kavanagh possesses in an emi-
nent degree. In the period during which he
has been chairman of the Committee on
Property there has been a radical change and
a very practical reform in the erection of
school buildings. Through his efforts the
construction of school-houses has been
brought to a point of great superiority
an<l very near to perfection. Many of
the most handsome and well-built schools,
photographs of which are reproduced in
this volume, were erected under his di-
rection.
During his chairmanship forty-five build-
ings and thirty-three additions, containing a
total of six hundred and ninety-one class rooms
have been built hi the various Sections. The
magnificent Normal School building at Thir-
teenth and Spring Garden streets, containing
over fifty rooms and the new Central High
School, not yet completed, also testify to his
care and ability. For all these improvements
$3,250,000 has been expended; for the pur-
chase of lots, $460,000 has been expended
during the past eight years, and about
$2,000,000 has gone for repairs, furniture,
heating a|)paratus, etc., making the total
amount spent for such improvements during mended by l)uilders: an increase in window
the time of his chairmanship between surface, giving more light; the betterment of
$5,000,000 and $6,000,000. heating and ventilating facilities, and the suit-
Among the many notable improvements in able decoration of the walls,
the construction of school buildings which he Mr. Kavanagh was a member of the State
has been instrumental in introducing are the Legislature from 1882 to 1885. He is a stock
steel ceilings, which have been so highly com- broker.
i<y>
SAMUEL BAIRD H
Samuel Eaird Hiiey, member of the Board
of Public Education from the Twenty-seventh
Section, and vice-president of that body, was
born in Pittsburg, Jannary 7, 1843. He
comes of Scotch-EngUsh stock, and his
father was S, C. Hney, a prominent business
man of Philadelpliia.
Mr. Huey received his early education in
private schools in this city, and graduated
from the Central High School as the valedic-
torian of his class. In 1863 he graduated
from Princeton College. He then entered
the naval service as captain's clerk on a
United States steamer. Through promotion
lie aftenvard became successively an ensign
on the staff of Rear .\dmiral Bailev and assist-
ant paymaster. In attacks on Fort Fisher
and Wilmington he took part, and was in
active service until the war close<l.
Returning to Philadelphia be took up tiie
study of law in the office of John C. Bullitt.
and at the same time entered the Law De-
partment of the University of Pennsyhania.
He was admitted to the bar in 1868. In 1872
lie was admitted to the bar of the Supreme
Court of the State of Pennsylvania, and in
1880 to that of the Supreme Court of the
United States. He has for years had a large
legal practice, chiefly as a corporation lawyer.
From 1866 to 1878 Mr. Huey was an officer
of the National Guard of Pennsylvania, but
resigned on account of the pressure of his pro-
fessional duties.
He was appointed a member of the Board of
Public Education in 1S87. and has become a
recognized leader in public educational work.
As chairman of the Committee on Central
High School he has devoted much time and
attention to the proper conduct of the High
School, in which, as an alumnus, he takes the
highest interest. He is also a member of -he
Committees on Revision of Studies, Univer-
sity, (iranimar. Secondary and Primary
Schools. Legislation and By-Laws and Rules.
In January, 1897, ^^^- Huey was unanimously
elected vice-president of the Board, being tl»e
first to hold this newly created office.
Mr. Huey is a member of the Union
League, the Military Or<ler of the Loval
Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, the
.\rt Club, of which he has been a director
since its organization; the Country Club, the
Lawyers' Club and the United Service Club.
He is an elder in the Presbyterian Church.
He is also connected with the management
of many corporations.
Mrs. Mary E. Miiniford. who represenf; the
Twenty-ninth Section in the Board of Pnl)Hc
Education, was horn in New Britain, Hart-
ford County. Connecticut. She was fitted for
college at the \e\v Britain High Scliool, and
graduated from the Connecticut State Nor-
mal School in i860. She taught for a
short time after graduating from the Nor-
mal School and then engaged in literary
work. She married Joseph P. Mumford in
1866.
Mrs. Mumford's first work of a public
nature was in the Charity Organization
Society. For some years she was vice-presi-
dent and secretary of the Children's Country
Week Association. She was appointed to
membership in the Board of Public Education
in February. i88g, to fill the unexpired term
of Judge S. W. Pennypacker, and has >ier\ ed
upon the following conmiittees: Qualification
o{Teachers,Granimar,Secondary and Primary
Schools, Text-Books, Revision of Studies,
Girls' High School, Industrial Art Education
and Music. At present she is chairman of the
Sub-Committee on Kindergartens, of the
Committee on Grammar. Secondary and
Primary Schools, and a member of the Com-
mittees on Revision of Studies, Industrial .Art
Education and Accounts.
Mrs. Mumford has always been an active
worker for the advancement of women, and
she has filled the ofllices of president of the
New Century Club, vice-president of the
( jvic Club, president of the Woman's Medi-
cal College of Pennsylvania and vice-presi-
dent of the General Federation of Women's
Clubs.
In 1882. under the reform movement of the
Committee of One Hundred, Mrs. Mumford
and Dean Bodlev. of the Woman's Medical
College, were placed upon the local ticket for
school directors in the Twenty-ninth Section.
To their own surprise they were elected by
handsome majorities, and the Twenty-ninth
Section has since that date maintained two
women upon its school board, thus enjoying
a unique distinction among the Sectional
Boards of the city.
VELMAM J POLLOCK.
William J. Pollock, wlio represents the
Thirtieth Section in the Board of Public E<lu-
calion, was born in Philadelphia in 1833. He
was educated in the public schools of this city.
inciuJing tlie old Soutlnvestern and the Cen-
tral High School.
Upon leaving the High School he was ap-
prenticed in the dry goods business. When
the Civil War broke out he went into the
Qiiarterniuster's office at Twelfth and (iirard
streets. From there he was sent out to take
charge of the Schuylkill arsenal.
At the close of the War Mr. Pollock went
into partnership with George Campbell in the
"lanufacturing of cotton and woolen goods,
the firm name being Campbell & Pollock.
As a public man Mr, Pollock has had a
varied and interesting career. From 1865 to
1868 he was a member of Select Council. In
'^, as a presidential elector, he voted for
^fsnt, by whom he was afterward appointed
Collector of Internal Revenue. He held the
^nie office during Arthur's administration.
'" 1876 he was appointed United States
general Appraiser of Merchandise. He was
Chief Examiner of Foreign Goods for the
Centennial Exhibition.
Mr. Pohock was for two terms a member of
the Pennsylvania Legislature. He was a
delegate to three National Republican con-
ventions, and was one of the famous "Three
Hundred and Six" who voted for Grant
thirty-six times in 1880. He is now serving his
fourth term as a member of Common Council.
Mr. Pollock is a member of the Union
League and president of the Cameron Club.
He is one of the managers of Mt. Moriah
Cemetery and also of Westminster Cemetery.
He has been an insurance broker for some
years past, and is well and favorably known
in this business.
As a member of the Board of Public Educa-
tion he has distinguished himself by long and
faithful service. For over twenty-one years he
has been a member of the Board, having been
appointed to represent the Thirtieth Section
when the ward was formed, in 1876, by the
division of the Twenty-sixth Ward. During
this long term he has served on important
committees. He is now chairman of the
Committee on Superintendence, and is a
member of the Committees on Central Hi^b
School. Text-Books and Night Schools. He
has always taken particular interest in the
night schools. He has also performed very
vahiable service as a member of the Commit-
tee on Text-Books, and, in fact, on all the
committees on which he has ever served.
WILLIAM Mti:
William Mclntyre, member of tlie Board of
Public Education from the Thirty-first Sec-
tion, was born in the North of Ireland and was
brought by his parents to this city in 1845. He
attended the public schools of the Eighteenth
Section, and spent nearly three years m t!ie
Central High School. He next took a course
in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.
Since his graduation therefrom he has served
on its board of trustees and has assisted in the
examination of its students. He is ex-presi-
dent of its Alumni Association.
His membership in the American Pharma-
ceutical Association has afforded him an op-
portunity to visit nearly every State in the
Union and Canada, and with the Pennsyl-
vania Pharmaceutical Association, also, of
which he is ex-president, he has visited many
cities and points of interest.
For Kensington he has the usual local pride.
He is president of the Kensington Electric
Company. He assisted in the organization
and was president of the Frankford Avenue
Business Men's Association. The unfor-
tunate dependent class has received a full
share of his thought, and for more than
twenty years he has been a member of the
Northeast Soup Society. He also served a
term as superintendent of the Thirty-first
Ward Branch of the Philadelphia Society for
Organizing Charity. During the industrial
panic of 1893 he was president of the Thirty-
first Ward Auxiliary Branch of the Citizens'
Permanent Relief Committee, which, aided by
the Thirty-first Ward Relief Association, very
substantially aided the people.
His entrance into public service dates from
the formation of the Thirty-first Ward, in
1876, by a division of the Nineteenth Ward.
He was school director in the Thirty-first
Ward for seven years. When the 1880 census
of the General Government was taken, he as-
sisted in the enumeration of the inhabitants
of the ward, and had charge of the industrial
returns from the Eighteenth and Thirty-first
Wards.
The vacancy in the Board of Public Educa-
tion caused by the resignation of Frank S.
Christian, Esq., was filled by the appointment
of Mr. Mclntyre. A feature of his adminis-
tration of the trust has been the unification of
the interests of the Local Board of school
directors and the teachers, in securing the
best advantages offered by the public educa-
tional system. He is a member of the Board
of Public Education's Committees on North-
east Manual Training School, Nieht Schools,
Accounts and Superintendence.
HARVEY H. HUBE
riar\-ey H. Hiil)bert, member of tlie Boartl
of Public Education from the Tliirty-secoiid
Section, was born in Piiiladelphia. in the dis-
trict known as the Northern Liberties before
consolidation, on December 28, 1844. He
was educated in the public schools, and has
resided in the city of his birth ail his life. He
has been engaged in active mercantile busi-
ness for twenty years, and represents several
Urge cotton manufacturing corporations in
New England and elsewhere as their commis-
sion agent.
Mr, Hubbert has been identified with the
cause of public education for a period cover-
ing seventeen years, having been elected a
school director in the Twenty-eighth Ward in
'8?9- He was president of the School Board
when the ward was divided and the Thirty-
second Ward created. He was elected the
"■^t president of the new Board, and while
fulfilling the duties of that office was ap-
pointed, in 1890, to represent his Section in
the Board of Public Education.
Mr. Hubbert has always evinced a deep in-
terest in the educational affairs of the citv and
has had extensive experience in official school
duties. He is chairman of the Committee on
By-Laws and Rules, in which position he has
rendered good service, and has familiarized
himself with all laws governing the school de-
partment. He was one of the representatives
to the State School Directors' Convention of
Pennsylvania and is chairman of the executive
committee of the association, formed during
that convention, the object of which is to
secure healthy legislation affecting . the
schools of the Commonwealth. He has
been zealous in promoting educational in-
terests and in securing for bis Section the
most modern and best equipped school
buil<lings.
Beside being chairman of the Committee
on By-Laws and Rules. Mr. Hubbert is a mem-
ber of the Committees on Central High
School, Grammar. Secondary and Primary
Schools, Estimates and Property.
WILLIAM WRIGLEY.
William Wrigley. wlio is the Thirty-third
Section's representative in the Board of Pnbhc
Education, was born in this city on the north
side of Vine street above Tenth, on No-
vember 7, 1833. He is the son of Edward
Wrigley. who died when the snjjject of this
sketch was ten years old. and who was one of
the pioneer cloth mannfactiirers of Philadel-
phia.
Mr. Wrigley was edncated in private
schools, and at a later period in public schools.
He was attending Abington Seminary, when,
owing to a change in circumstances, he was
obliged to leave school and begin hfe as a
wage-earner. This was before he had reached
his fifteenth year.
At the age of twenty, a love of adventure,
coupled with a desire to better himself financi-
ally, led him to follow the tide of travel west-
ward. He settled on what was then Minne-
sota Territory, where he remained three years.
When a depression of values rendered a
longer stay in the West undesirable. Mr.
Wrigley returned to his native city, and fol-
lowed the vocation of salesman and connner-
cial traveler until a short time after the be-
ginning of the Civil War. He then volun-
teered in his country's defense, entering the
army as a private under Captain Biddle in
Company G, Eighth Regiment, Pennsylvania
Volunteers. A short time after he organizetl
a company for the One Hundred and Fifty-
seventh Regiment. Pennsylvania Volunteers,
and was appointed first lieutenant, command-
ing. For a short time he was division com-
missary on the staff of General William F.
Smith, and aftenvard became captain in the
One Htmdred an<i Ninety-seventh Regiment,
Pennsylvania \'olunteers.
At the close of his term of service in the
army. Mr. Wrigley spent some time in the oil
regions. In the year 1870 he established his
present business, the manufacture of soap, the
firm being incorporated in 1877 under tbe
name of The Wrigley Manufacturing Com-
pany. Mr. Wrigley has for many years been
president of the company, and by his sound
business tact and ability has made the
enterprise an unqualified success. Mr. Wrig-
ley has travelled quite extensively in this
country and Europe.
His connection with the Board of Public
Education dates from March, 1893, when he
was appointed to represent the Thirty-third
Section. Ever since his appointment he has
manifested the greatest interest in the welfare
of the schools in general and has been instru-
mental in bringing about the improvement of
those in his Section. He has taken an
especial interest in the Central High School,
and has been a member of the committee on
that school for some time past. The other
committees upon which he is at present serv-
ing are as follows: Northeast Manual Train-
ing School, Text-Books, Night Schools and
Audits.
Mr. Wrigley is a Past Commander of Post
2, G. A. R. ; a member of Philates Lodgre,
Corinthian Chapter, Corinthian Commandery,
^o. 53, and Quaker City Lodge. He has
also membership in the Trades League,
Bourse and Manufacturers* Club.
"3
JOSEPH R. RHOADS.
Joseph R. Rlioads, who represents the
Thirty-fourth Section in the Board of Public
Education, was horn in Philadelphia, Anpust
6, 1841. he attended private schools until
he was twelve years old, and then entered the
Northwest Grammar School, where he was
under Aaron B. Ivins. From the Northwest
School he entered the Central High School,
from which he afterward recei\ed the degree
of Master of Arts.
He next took a course in the University of
Pennsyhania, where he studie{l law, and he
has been engaged in active practice since
1862. Since 1890 he has been president oi
the Merchants' Trust Company.
For four years Mr. Rhoatis was a
director of (itrard College. For three
years he was a member of Select Coun-
cil from the Thirteenth Ward and was
chairman of the Law Committee in that
body.
He was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education in 1890. He
was for a time a member of the Com-
mittee on Central High School. He is
at present chairman of the Committee
on Revision of Studies, and a member
of the Committees on Central Man-
ual Training School. University and Prop-
erty.
Mr. Klioads is a member of the Law As-
sociation, the Penn Club, Art Club, Union
League, Board of Trade. Merion Cricket Club
and other orgaiiizaiions.
THOMAS SHALLCROSS.
In the Board of Public Education Tlioiiias
Shallcross represents the Thirty-fifth Section,
which in point of area is the largest in the
city, and contains fourteen school properties,
scattered miles apart. This is largely an agri-
cultural district. It could be represented by
no one more ably than by Mr. Shallcross, who
is both farmer and business mdn of the highest
tyi>e.
He was born in Frankford, and was edu-
cated in the Philadelphia public schools. He
left the High School without completing the
course, in order to go with his family to the
farm in B3-berry, then owned by his father and
now by himself, where he actively engaged in
farming. Byberrj- was at that time a part
of the Twenty-third Ward, and Mr. Shallcross
represented that ward in the City Council
for one term, from l88o to 1882. He was for
many years president of the school board of
the Twenty-third Section, and when the ward
was divided, in iSgo, he was appointed the
member of the Board of Public Education
from the Thirty-fifth Section, and is now
5er\ing his third term.
He has distinguished himself in the Board
by his manly, outspoken manner in debate,
arguing for or against measures without fear
or favor. He has opinions of his own and is
never afraid to express them, even though he
may stand entirely alone in his contention.
Particularly noteworthy was the effort made
by him a few years since to Hmit the choice of
a Principal for the Girls' High School to Phil-
adelphia candidates, iie has always main-
tained that Philadelphia has teachers enough
and sufficiently well educated to fill any posi-
tion in the higher schools, and he advocates
the promotion of efficient instructors.
He strongly opposed the Board's legisla-
tion, by which graduates of the School of
Pedagogy are given the most important posi-
tions in the elementary schools at salaries
much higher than those paid women teachers.
It may be emphatically stated, however, that
Mr. Shallcross is not in any way opposed to
the employment of the young men in the
schools. He simply opposes what he believes
to be an unwarrantable discrimination against
the women teachers.
Mr. Shallcross is chairman of the Commit-
tee on Legislation, and a member of the Com-
mittees on Philadelphia Normal School for
Girls, Northeast Manual Training School,
Supplies, Qualification of Teachers and Esti-
mates.
He is one of the few public men whose
career has been so clean and praiseworthy that
it is a matter of regret that he does not fill
higher offices, but his inclinations lead him to
prefer the quiet enjoyment of suburban home
life to a more busy public career, and the door
of his splendid farm house, *The Pines,'' in
Byberry, is always open wide to his hosts of
friends. In the 6o's he declined a nomination
for the Legislature which was unanimously
tendered him by the convention.
Mr. Shallcross is president of the Williar
Penn Cemetery Company, vice-president c
the Tacony Saving Fund, Safe Deposit, Titl
and Trust Company, director and secretar
of the Girard Avenue Farmers' Market Com
pany, treasurer of the Farmers' New Ha
Market Company; director, secretary an
treasurer of the Independent Mutual Fir
Insurance Company of Philadelphia, Buck
and Montgomery Counties. He is also a di
rector of the Suburban Electric Compan^
Tacony; manager, secretary and superintend
ent of the Byberry and Bensalem Turnpik
Company, beside being connected officiall
with several other local corporations and oi
ganizations. He is a member of Tacon
Lodge, No. 600, F. and A. M.
116
GEORGE HAIG.
George Haig. iiieniber of the Board of Pub-
lic Education from the Thirty-sixtli Section.
was born in Edinbiirg, Scotland, in 1856. He
comes of the old Haig family of Bemerside.
who are traced back to the twelfth century
and are mentioned by Sir Walter Scott and
Washington Irving.
Early in life he came to Philadelphia and
settled in the southwestern section of the city.
He entered into business while yet a boy and
pursued his studies at night, devoting himself
to literary and lyceum work. Some years ago
he entered into the real estate business, in
which he has been eminently successful. He
also takes a great interest in building associa-
tion work.
Mr. Haig was appointed a member of the
Board of Public Education in 1892, when the
Thirty-sixth Ward was formed, and has since
represented his Section with marked ability
in the Board of Public Education. He is
chairman of the Committee on Audits, and a
member of the Committees on Central
Manual Training School, Industrial Art Edu-
cation, Kight Schools and Accounts.
Mr. Haig is treasurer and a member of the
board of trustees of Bethany Presbyterian
Church. He is identified with a number of
organizations, including the American Pro-
testant Association, in which he is past
master. He is vice-president of the Ameri-
can Protestant Hall and Library Association.
CHARLES H. VANFLEET,
Charles H. Vanfleet, member of the Board
of Public Education from the Thirty-seventh
Section, was born in Philadelphia, May lO,
1844. He received his education in the Phil-
adelphia public schools, including the Manay-
unk Grammar School.
During the Civil War Mr. Vanfleet enli'ted
in the Two Hundred and Thirteenth Regi-
ment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He served
under General Hancock and other command-
ers for about eighteen months prior to the
close of the War. He then returned to Phil-
adelphia, and, in 1868, he started in the print-
ing business, in which he has been successfully
engaged ever since.
He has been a member of the board of di-
rectors of the Thirty-seventh Section since
the Ward was formed, in 1892, and was secre-
tary of the Board at the tmie of his appoint-
ment to hll the unexpired term of the lat
William K. Mattern. This was in July.
Mr. Vanfleet is a charter member of C
Lodge, No. 607; Philadelphia Chapter,
169, and Pennsylvania Commandery. N(
of the Masonic Fraternity; Lu Lu Tei
Washington Lodge No. 21, K. B.; A. .
N. M. S. : he is collector of Harmony C
cil. No. 23, American Legion of Hon<
charter member of Betsy Ross Counci
O. U. A. M.; a member of Post 51, G. .-
and belongs to other organizations.
For fifteen vears Mr. Vanfleet was su|
tendent of the Sunday-school of the Li
Avenue Baptist Church. He relinqu
this post a few years ago on account «
health.
He is exceedingly popular in his ware
has a host of friends.
ALBERT B. BEALE,
HENRY MOORE,
Office of the Board of Public Education
The office of the Board of Public Educa-
tion, No. 713 Filbert street, is under the su-
per\asion of the Secretary of the Board, an
official the value of whosie services in connec-
tion with the work of public education, can-
not be overestimated. The position is one
requiring an incumbent of great tact as well
as ability, and it is an exceptional man w'ho,
for a period extending over thirty-one years,
could fill it in such a way as to command the
admiration and respect of all who have busi-
ness relations with the Board of Public Edu-
cation. r
Such a man is Henry Ward 'Halliwell,
whose official connection with the Board
dates back to 1848, and who has held the of-
fice of Secretary since 1865.
Mr. Halliwell was born on October 24,
1832. At a very early age he entered the in-
fant school on Race street, which was the
primary department of the Northwest Public
School. From the boys' department of this
school he was promoted to the Central High
School by William W. Wood.
In July, 1848, he entered the office of the
Board of Controllers of the public schools,
and a few- years later he became Assistant Sec-
retary of the Board. In 1865 he was elected
Secretary, and has held that position ever
since. Having thus been closely connected
with the management of the public educa-
tional system for nearly half a century, he is
probably the best known man in educational
circles, not merely in Philadelphia, but
throughout the United States. His kind-
ness and uniform courtesv to teachers, and to
all who visit the office of the Board, have en-
deared him to thousands in this city and else-
where. He has outlived all those who were
in office when he entered the employ of the
Board, and he retains a vivid recollection of
almost all those who have at any time been
connected officially with the public schools.
'The Assistant Secretary, Andrew F. Ham-
mond, has been in the employ of the Board
since 1868, and has been Assistant Secretary
since 1875. He is a painstaking and conscien-
tious official.
Albert B. Beale is in charge of the Supply
Department, in this capacity supervising the
handling of thousands of dollars' w^orth of
books and other school supplies each year.
The other clerks are L. E. Drake, William
Dick, Henry Moore, Edward Merchant, John
D. Hardin and Thomas A. Hughes. The
various duties in connection with the business
of the office are divided among them. Mr.
Dick, as warrant clerk, handles and distributes
each month over three thousand salarv war-
rants. Mr. Merchant is his assistant.
I2T
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOH, LBMOX AMD
tiLDSN fOVMOATlOMS
n 1.
Architect's Department
The Architect's Department of the Board
of Public Education consists of an architect
and supervisor of school buildings, four as-
sistants and an inspector of heaters.
Joseph D.Austin, Architect and Supervisor
of Public School Buildings, was born in Phila-
delphia, June 26, 1847. He receivejd his early
education at Girard College, and having a
taste for architecture, developed it by study-
ing in the office of Samuel Sloan. After be-
coming proficient in his profession, he prac-
ticed it for several years, and in 1884 was
elected the head of the Architect's Depart-
ment of the Board of Public Education.
During the past twelve years no less than
sixty-eight school buildings have been erect-
ed under his direction, and these buildings
are the greatest possible tribute to his thor-
oughness and ability. The handsome Nor-
mal School is at present the largest and finest
of the school buildings in this city, and re-
flects great credit upon Mr. Austin. He is
now giving much time and attention to the
erection of the new Central High School,
Broad and Green streets, which, when com-
pleted, will be the finest high school building
in the country.
Mr. Austin's work has been conscientious
and thorough, and he has won the esteem of
the Board of Public Education bv the faith-
ful performance of his duties. That Philadel-
phia has such splendid school buildings as
those erected in recent years is a credit to
the man who has so ably planned and di-
rected the work.
The assistant architects are Joseph W.
Anshutz, J. H. Cook, James Gaw and Lewis
P. Hoopes, all of whom are experienced
and of unquestioned ability. The inspector
of heaters is John D. Cassell.
125
JOSEPH W. ANSHUTZ.
THE NE^;^^?.«
PUBLIC UBRART
i ASTOR, l.P-NOX AND
p. *■
The Higher Schools
Central High School
Well has the Central High School been
termed the crown of the entire svstem of
public education in Philadelphia. Since its
establishment it has stood for all that is best
and most gratifying in the public school life
of the city. Its history has been a story of
steady progress. It has received over 15,000
pupils, and has sent nearly one-third of that
number out into the world equipped with the
best education afforded by any high school in
the countr}^
It stands pre-eminent among the nation's
high schools. Indeed, although having the
modest title of a High School, it is often
placed in official classifications among univer-
sities and colleges. In all parts of the
country its graduates are found, their number
including many well-known men in every walk
of life. In Philadelphia to-day many of the
most eminent citizens, men known and es-
teemed in business, professional and public
life, point \vith pride to the Central High
School as their alma mater.
While there has been much encouragement
accorded those who have labored in and for
this school during the past sixty years, the
path has by no means been an entirelv smooth
one. Every good enterprise has its opponents,
and the good name of this noblest of public
educational institutions has at times been as-
sailed by those who have failed to appreciate
its great work. Yet, through the years, it
has come down to the present generation
revered for its history and honored for its as-
sociations.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE
SCHOOL.
The establishment of the Central High
School was authorized by the Act of June 13,
1836.* The following year the Board of
Control secured a site on Juniper street, fac-
ing upon Penn Square, about midway
between Market and Clover streets, the latter
l)eing a small thoroughfare which has since
been covered by Wanamaker's store, and on
September 19th the corner-stone of the first
higli school building was laid with appropriate
ceremonies. The structure w^as opened for
use October 21, 1838. [For picture of origi-
nal High School building see page 19.]
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST
BUILDING.
'The building was of brick, with a marble
front. The side walls were painted white,
and, on the W'hole, it was a more imposing
structure than that in use at this day. [The
old brick building at the southeast corner of
Broad and Green streets.] It was shaped like
the letter T,' the main structure running
east and west, with a cross structure extend-
ing north and south. In the angle formed by
the w^ing on the south side was the play-
ground, w hile south of this stood the Pennsyl-
vania State Armory. North of the school
building a tavern stood on the corner of Mar-
ket and Juniper streets; and the sheds, into
which the farmers drove their teams on mar-
ket davs, stood in the angle of the school
building, close to its walls. At the southwest
corner of Thirteenth and Market streets was
the warehouse of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
In those days Thirteenth street was lined with
quiet homes; in Clover street w^ere small
houses, while Chestnut street in that vicinity
* " The Controllers of the public schools for the City and
County of Philadelphia be, and they are hereby, authorized,
whenever they shall think proper, to establish one central
high school, for the full education of such pupils of the public
schools of the First School District as may possess the
requisitequalifications."— Act of June 13, 1836, Sec. 23.
131
was then a fashionable part of the town and
was filled with the residences of leading and
wealthy citizens.
"The first building was three stories in
height, each floor containing three rooms,
which were subsequently divided as there was
created a demand for more rooms. The most
conspicuous feature of the new school was the
observatory rising from the rear of tJie main
building. This department of the new in-
stitution of learning was at the time the pride
of the city, its superior equipment being
famed throughout the land and well known
even abroad. The apparatus was finer than
that of Harvard University, and its instru-
one of the upper windows of the Unite
Mint. It was taken on a sheet of
metal. A seidlitz powder box witl
flakes of iodine answered for a coati
while a cigar box and burning glass i
prevised for a camera. An iron spoo
to heat the mercury to develop tl:
The picture which was produced is o
the Historical Society of Pennsylvar
OPENING OF THE SCHOC
The opening of the school was cl
ized by its simplicity, there being m
exercises. The first class consisted •
three members. Professor Samuel i
en, who filled the chair of higher ar
SAMUEL MECUTCHEN.
ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE,
ments were often used by the observers of the
Naval Observatory at Washington."*
FIRST PHOTOGRAPH IN
AMERICA.
At this point it is of interest to note that
the first photograph made in America was a
view of the first high school building and the
State Arsenal on Juniper street. On Octo-
ber i6. 1839. the day after the definite account
of Daguerre's process was published in Phila-
delphia. Joseph Saxton took the picture from
and mensuration from 1876 to 1881
oldest living member of the first cla;
FIRST CORPS OF TEACHE
The first faculty consisted of but fo
hers: Enoch Wines, A. M., depart
languages, who acted as PrincipE
Frost, LI-. D.. department of history
Kendall. A. M., now of the Univ.
Pennsylvania, department of highet
matics, natural philosophy and cl:
William Vogdes. LL. D.. depart'
mathematics. Professor Vogdes <
secretary of the faculty.
PROFESSOR BACHE ASSUMES
CONTROL.
The following year Professor Alexander
Dallas Bache, president-elect of Girard Col-
lege, which was then in course of construc-
tion, tendered his services temporarily to the
Board of Control. Professor Bache was ap-
pointed an advisory superintendent of schools
and given authority to organize the High
School, of which he was also made acting Prin-
cipal. The same year Henry McMurtric,
M, D., was chosen to conduct the department
eml)racing natural history, anatomy and
physiology.
COURSES OF STUDY.
To Professor Bache is due much credit for
the good beginning made hy the Central
High School. He outlined its policy and
moulded its course. In 1840 he submitted to
ihe Board of Control a plan of reorganization.
"hich was adopted. It provided for a system
oHnstruction extending over four years, with
senii-annual examinations. Three courses
Mere adopted for pupils to choose from: A
principal course, of four years, intended as a
thorough preparation for business life; the
classical course, for students intending to fol-
low the professions, and the English course,
of two years, designed for those who could
not afford the time for a more thorough iraiu-
inc;. During the term ending Dccemher,
'^40: the pupils were distributed as follows in
the three courses; Principal, 71 per cent.;
classical, 22 per cent.; English. 7 per cent.
H.\RT ELECTED PRESIDENT.
In 1842 Professor Bache retired and was
svcceeded by John S. Hart, LL. D., formerly
admnct professor of languages in Princeton
t.'olIege. The organization of the depart-
liients under Professor Hart was as follows: —
DEPARTMENTS OF 1S42.
Department of Belles-Lett res. Professor
Frost, assisted hy Professors Shaw and
Sanderson.
Department of Ancient Languages, Pro-
fessor Sanderson.
Department of Modern Languages, Pro-
fessor Deloutte.
Department of Theoretical Mathematics,.
Professor Kendall.
Department of Practical Mathematics, Pro-
fessor A'ogdes.
Department of Natural History, Professor
McMurtrie.
Department of Natural Philosophy, Pro-
fessor Frazer.
Department ofCheniistry, Professor Booth.
Department of Graphics, Professor Peale,
assisted by Professor Becker.
Dejiartment of Mental, Moral and Political
Science, Professor Shaw.
WRITTEN EXAMIN.ATIONS
HELD.
Professor Hart was a believer in the exten-
sion of written examinations to all branches,
so far as practicable, an<l he called upon well-
known men who had no connection with the
school to conduct these examinations.
Among the niunber who responded to his
re<|uest were Robert Bridges, Joseph R.
Chandler, (ieorge M. Dallas, Dr. Richard
Dungleson, Morton McMichael, S. V. Mer-
rick, A. V. Parsons, Richard Vaux, R. M.
Patterson and other prominent men.
WHOM THE SCHOOL MOST
BENEFITED.
It was about this time that the High School
began to be condemned by some as an expen-
sive institution, designed to benefit a favored
class. Professor Hart proved the folly of the
latter idea, giving in his annual report to the
Board of Control statistics showing the occu-
pations of the parents of the pupils, and dem-
onstrating that more than three-fourths of
the pupils in the school were such as were
unable to pay for their education.
AUTHORIZED TO CONFER
DEGREES.
By an Act of Assembly of April 9, 1849, ^'^^
authority to confer academic degrees was
given to the High School.* On September
nth of the same year the Board of Controllers
adopted a resolution providing: "That the de-
gree of Bachelor of Arts shall hereafter be con-
ferred upon all pupils of the High School who
.shall meritoriously complete the four years'
course: and the degree of Master of Arts upon
such graduates of not less than five years'
standing as shall by their general merit, in the
judgment of the committee, entitle them-
selves to that distinction."
At the present time the degree either of
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science is
conferred, according to the course of study
completed by the graduate.
NEW STUDIES INTRODUCED.
Among other innovations introduced by
Professor Hart in the High School was a
course in Anglo-Saxon. This, with the then
♦ • * The Controllers of the public schools of the First School
District of Pennsylvania shall have and possess power to
confer academical degrees in the arts upon graduates of the
Central High School in the City of Philadelphia, and the
same and like power to confer degrees, honorary and other-
wise, which is now possessed by the University of Pennsyl-
vania."
existing course of lectures on the early history
of the English language, he took under his
personal charge. New studies introduced in
the school at about the same period were
general history, local history, trigonometry,
surveying, navigation, book-keeping, phon-
ography and elocution.
HOLDING OF COMMENCEMENTS.
Commencement exercises w-ere for some
years held in the school building, but in Feb-
ruary of 1 848, Musical Fund Hall was selected,
as being better adapted for the comfort of a
large audience. Since then commencements
have been held in the Chinese Museum, Ninth
and Sansom streets (July, 1848); National
Hall, Market street between Twelfth and
Thirteenth; Jayne's Hall, Association Hall,
the Academv of Music, the Chestnut Street
(3pera House, the Broad Street Theatre and
the Chestnut Street Theatre.
The department of chemistry was enlarged
in 185 1 by Professor Boye, and in 1852 the
German Department was organized under
Professor Frederick A. Roese.
PRESENT BUH.DING ERECTED.
By this time the building on Juniper street
w*as becoming greatly overcrowded. It had
been built to accommodate only 350 pupils,
but over 500 were in attendance in 1847. Even
raising the standard of admission and restrict-
ing the age limit failed to materially reduce the
number. The need of a new building became
imperative, and as the city was rapidly build-
ing up in the neighborhood of the Juniper
Street School-house, the latter property was
sold to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1853 and
a new building was erected at the southeast
corner of Broad and Green streets. After the
sale of the old building and before the new one
was completed, the school occupied the old
Model School Building on Chester Street.
134
THE NBW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LEN#K AND
TILDEN FOUKbATIONS
K L
CORNER-STONE LAID.
The corner-stone of the new building
was laid May 31, 1853. Bishop Potter
opened the ceremonies with prayer, and
addresses were made by Nathan Nathans,
chairman of the High School Com-
mittee; Principal John S. Hart, George M.
Wharton, Dr. R. J. Breckinridge, of Ken-
tucky: Judge John C. Knox, of the Supreme
Court of Pennsylvania; Harlan Ingram. Judge
William D. Kelley and Thomas B. Florence.
In the corner-stone was placed a box con-
taining a copper plate, which was inscribed as
follows: —
CENTRAL HIGH SCHOOL.
Corner-stone laid May 31, i8,y, erected by the Controllers
□r the Public Schools of the First School
District of Pennsylvania,
COMMITTEE ON PROPERTY.
Charged with the erection of the building.
CHANGES IN THE CURRICULUM.
Changes in the curriculum marked the year
1S54, when the classical course was dropped
entirely. Two years later the department of
German was abandoned, as was also the Eng-
hsh course. This re-adjustment of the curri-
culum removed the elective features.
PROFESSOR MAGUIRE ELECTED
PRINCIPAL.
In December, 1858, Professor Hart
resigned the Principalship and was succeeded
by Professor Nicholas H. Maguire, A. M. In
the short period which elapsed between the
JAC
B C. Slemmrr.
COMMITTEE ON HIGH SCHOOL.
Nathan Nathans, Gkorue M. Wharton,
Thomas G. Hollincsworth, James Peters,
T. K. COT.LINS.
Robert J. Hemphii-L.
UEDICATIOX OF THE BUILDING.
The building was formally dedicated June
28, 1 854. Prayer was offered by Rev. Philip
F. \Ieyer. and addresses were made by Rev.
Dr. Henrj- A. Boardman and ^TDrton Mc-
Micliael.
THE PRESENT BUILDING.
This building is still occupied by the High
School, pending thecompletion of the magnifi-
cent edifice in course of erection on the
opposite side of Broad street. It is a square,
dull, brick structure, its one conspicuous feat-
ure being the observatory, which for years
after the building was erected was a source of
jrreat pride to Philadelphians. Professor
Elias Loomis said that its opening "formed an
epoch in the history of American astronomy."
NICHOLAS H. MAGUIRE
time Professor Hart vacated the position and
Profes.sor Maguire assumed its duties. Pro-
fessor William Vogdes acted as Principal.
One of Professor Maguire's first acts was
to abolish the system of deducting from
scholarship the "notes" received for miscon-
duct. He held that the practice destroyed
all incentive to study and tended to increase
rather than lessen the amount of misconduct.
The study of German was restored to the
course in 1859, under Professor Romain
Lujeane.
HIGH SCHOOL DURING THE
WAR.
During the Civil War the number of pupils
in the High School was greatly diminished,
many leaving to go to the front. This pa-
triotism was encouraged, and in i86l the
faculty passed a resolution providing "that
any pupil of the advanced classes enlisting is
entitled to graduate with his class, and a pupil
of the lower division may resume that position
in the school which he resigned when so en-
listing."
INVESTIGATION INSTITUTED.
Professor Maguire retired in 1866, antl on
March 15th, of that year, a special committee
of the Board of Control was appointed tn in-
vestigate all the departments of the school
and report their condition, recommending any
changes deemed necessary. The committee
consisted of Samuel Scheide. William C.
Haines, William M. Levick, Nathan Hilles
and John B. Green.
REORGANIZATION OF THE
SCHOOL.
The result of their investigation was a
thorough reorganization of the school. On
May 8th the following resohitions were sub-
mitted to the Board by the special commit-
tee:—
"Resolved, That the Secretary of the Board
be. and is hereby, instructed to notify mem-
bers of the faculty of the Boys' High School,
that their term of service will expire on the
first day of September next; provided, that
nothing herein contained shall be construed
so as to make any member of the present
faculty ineligible to the position he now
occupies.
"Resolved, That the committee of the Boys'
High School be, and are hereby, instructed to
proceed in the usual manner in organiziri^ a
new faculty as heretofore has been their prac-
tice in filling vacancies."
NEW FACULTY CHOSEN'.
The resolutions were adopted, and on
August 27th a new faculty was chosen, con-
sisting of the following: —
George Inman Riche, Principal.
James Rhoads, A. M., Professor of I
Lettres and History.
James McClune, A. M., Professor of
retical Mathematics and Astronomy.
Zephaniah Hopper, A. M., Profess
Mathematics.
James A. Kirpatrick, A. M., Profes;
Writing and Book-keeping.
E<lward W. Vogdes, M. D.. Profess
Moral, Mental and Political Science.
Louis Angele, Professor of the Gi
Language.
Francis A. Bregy, A. M., Professor 1
French Language.
GEORGE INMAN RICHE.
Joseph W. Wilson, A. M., Professor of
tical Mathematics.
Henry Hartshorne, M. D., Profess
Anatomy, Physiology and Natural Hist
Daniel W. Howard, A. M., Profes:
History.
George Stuart, A. M.. Professor c
Latin Language.
Isaac Norris, M, D,. Professor of N
Philosophy and Chemistry.
Of the thirteen members composin
new faculty ten were former professors it
respective departments. The faculty ii
stalled on September 3d. Shortly after
added to by the election of John Kern a
fessor of Drawing.
CHANGES IN THE CURRICULUM.
Several changes in the curriculum were
made by President Riche when he entered
upon the duties of his new position, and a
number of reforms were instituted by him.
The changes were not radical nor the reforms
obtrusive, yet both apparently operated for
good. Among other things he succeeded in
placing the physical, astronomical and chem-
ical departments upon a more efficient basis.
The old apparatus was supplemented by new
and improved instruments and the observa-
tor)' was remodeled.* At this time a chem-
ical laboratory was also fitted up in the base-
ment.
conducted in his absence, however, by Pro-
fessor Zepbaniah Hopper, the senior pro-
fessor, who with firmness and decision ore-
vented a threatened disintegration of the
school and banded it over in excellent condi-
tion to the next president. Professor Henry
Clark Johnson.
The value of Professor Hopper's services in
this critical period of the High School's his-
tory cannot be overestimated. It was a time
requiring the best efforts of an able man and
firm disciplinarian, and no one could better
have filled the requirements than Professor
Hopper, whose long experience and excellent
judgment were of inestimable service. He
FRANKLIN TAVLOR, M. D.
PROFESSOR HOPPER'S VALUABLE
SERVICE.
The remainder of Professor Riche's ad-
niinistration saw but few changes. He re-
signed in February, 1886. and was sitc-
«eded by Franklin Taylor. M. D. Owing
*o illness President Taylor devoted only
about ten months to the duties of the
presidency, although he was the nomi-
nal head of the school lor two years
3nd a half. The school was most ably
'The observations taken from the High School observa-
'^'T during the transit of Venus in 187S gave the school no
atllt notohety.
ZEPHANIAH HOPPER.
well deserves the honor which is to-day ac-
corded him.
SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELE-
BRATED.
The semi-centennial of the High School
was celebrated, October 29th and 30th, by a
public meeting and reception. [See chapter
on the Associated Alumni.]
ADMISSIONS MADE ANNUALLY.
Beginning with the year 1888. admissions
to the school were made annually instead of
semi-annually as had theretofore been the
custom.
JOHNSON BECOMES PRESIDENT.
Professor Henry Clark Johnson, formerly
professor of Latin in Lehigh University, en-
tered upon the duties of president in the fall
of 1888. He restored the elective system of
courses of instruction and strengthened the
classical course by the addition of two com-
petent assistants.
Through his efforts, in June, 1889, a new
course of study was put into effect. H em-
braced five distinct courses, viz.: The classical
course, including Greek, Latin. French and
German; the regular course, including Latin
French and German; a course in chemistry.
HENRV CLARK JOHNSON,
similar to the regular course but with a large
amount of time devoted to special work in
chemistry: a course in physics, giving a large
amount of time to higher mathematics, me-
chanics and physics, and the scientific course,
designed principally for those expectinc to
remain in the school only two or three years.
and also for those desiring fuller instruction
in general science, mathematics and English.
SCH(X:)L OF PED.\GOGV
EST.\BL1SHED.
In September. 1890, the School of Peda-
gogy was organized as an advance course for
graduates of the High School, to prepare
them to teach. The first faculty of the
School of Pedagogy consisted of the follow-
ing:—
Henry Clark Johnson. A. M., LL. B., Presi-
dent and Professor of Methods in Civil Gov-
ernment.
David Wesley Bartine, A. M., M. D., Pro-
fessor of School Economy and Organization.
Edwin James Houston, A. M., Professor of
Methods in Phvsics and Physical Geography.
Frederick Foster Christine, A. M., Pro-
fessor of School Law.
William Houston Greene. A. M., M. D.,
Professor of Methods in Natural Science.
George Howard Cliff, A. M., Professor of
Theory and Practice of Teachine.
Henry Willis. A. M.. Professor of Methods
in History.
.\Ibert Henry Smyth. A. B., Professor of
the History of Education.
William Albert Mason, A. M., Professor of
Modeling and Methods in Drawing.
Benjamin Franklin Lacy. A. M.. Professor
of Psychology and Philosophy of Education.
Charles Sumner DoUey, M. D., Professor of
Methods in Biology and Natural History.
The school was opened on October 9th with
nine pupils. The course of instruction cov-
ered one \ear, most of the time beinp devoted
to psychology and philosophy of education,
theory and practice of teaching, history of
education and school management.
GROUND BROKEN FOR THE
NEW BUILDING.
In 1893 Councils made an appropriation for
the purchase of a lot and the commencement
of a new building for the High School, and the
site bounded by Broad, Fifteenth, Green and
Brandywine streets was secured. On the
afternoon of May 7. 1894. the ceremony of
breaking ground for the new building took
place.
The exercises were simple but appropriate.
Paul Kavanagh. chairman of the Property
Committee of the Board of Public Education.
after making a few remarks, handed a spade to
John R. Fanshawe, vice-president of the As-
sociated Alumni and chairman of its Commit-
tee on New Buildings, who raised the first
piece of sod. Members of the faculty, Asso-
siated Alumni and Board of Public Education
and the students of the school were present
and joined in the ceremonies.
CORNER-STONE LAID.
The corner-stone was laid on October 20th
of the same ysar. Those present included
city officials, members of the Board of Public
Education and the Associated Alumni, and
the faculty of the school.
The following program was carried out: —
INTRODUCTORY.
PAUL KAVANAGH, Chairman Committee on Property,
Board of Public Education.
INVOCATION.
REV. STEPHEN W. DANA, D. D.
ADDRESS.
SAMUEL B. HUEY, Chairman Committee on Central High
School.
ADDRESS.
EXGOVERNOR ROBERT E. PATTISON, President of
the Associated Alumni of the Central High School.
ADDRESS.
PROFESSOR ROBERT ELLIS THOMPSON, President of
the Central High School.
ADDRESS.
PROFESSOR EDWIN J. HOUSTON.
ADDRESS.
DR. EDWARD BROOKS. Superintendent of Public Schools.
LAYING OF THE CORNER-STONE.
By ISAAC A. SHEPPARD, President of the Board of Public
Education.
ADDRESS.
JAMES L. MILES, President of the Select Council of
Philadelphia.
BENEDICTION.
REV. WILLIAM N. McVICKAR, D. D.
In the corner-stone was placed a copper
"^x hermetically sealed, containing the fol-
lowing:—
Report of the Board of Public Education
for 1893.
General Catalogue of the School from the
year 1838.
Annual Catalogue of the School for 1894.
Proceedings of the Semi-Centennial of the
School.
Reports of the Associated Alumni.
Program of the Corner-Stone Laying.
Roll of Autographs of the Faculty.
Roll of Autographs of every Student of the
School.
Set of Proof Coins for the year 1894.
Set of Photographs of the Elevation and
Plans of the New Building, with Specifica-
tions.
Copies of Magazines published by the Stu-
dents.
Copies of the Daily Newspapers.
DR. THOMPSON'S ADMINISTRATION.
Dr. Robert Ellis Thompson became presi-
dent of the faculty, February 26, 1894, Presi-
dent Johnson having resigned at the close of
1893.
Upon assuming the duties of the presidency
Dr. Thompson at once proceeded to put mto
effect many excellent plans which he had con-
ceived for the improvement of the school.
He has, during the entire term of his incum-
bency, been constantly on the alert to dis-
cover any faults in the curriculum and
methods of teaching and discipline, and so
far as possible has endeavored to eliminate the
faulty features and extend the usefulness of
the school.
The year 1894, his first year as president,
was marked by the abolition of numerical
marking, which for many years was one of
the greatest impediments to effective work in
the school; exemption from examinations,
where thoroughness of work, regularity of at-
tendance, etc., warranted such exemption ;the
substitution of four full hours a day for the
five shorter periods of study formerly em-
ployed; the institution of a system making it
necessary for a student to attain a high aver-
age in every branch of study, which took the
place of a system of promotion on general
averages; the partial readjustment of the work
MI
with reference to the needs of the classical and
scientific courses, and the organization by the
teachers of mathematics of a mathematical
seminar.
The year 1895 saw a reduction effected in
the number of studies required of each class;
the better adaptation of the classical course to
the requirements of students preparing to
enter the arts course of any university, and
the complete organization of the teaching
force under a head of each department.
SCHOOL OF PEDAGOGY
REORGANIZED.
Early in the year of 1896 a new department
was created in the Central High School, called
the Department of the Science of Pedagogies.
The School of Pedagogy as previously con-
stituted was made a constituent part of that
department, and a ''Professorship of the
Science of Pedagogies'' w^as instituted.
Francis Burke Brandt, of the High School
faculty, was elected to fill this chair.
The organization of the Department of the
Science of Pedagogics was a virtual extension
of the School of Pedagogy. Its object, as
presented in the general statement recentlv
published, is identical with the original pur-
pose of the school, ''to afford young men op-
portunity for a thorough professional train-
ing in the science and art of teaching.''
The course of instruction designed to give
this professional training extends over a
period of two years. It is divided into two
general departments, the science or theory of
education, and the art or practice of teachmg.
COURSES OF STUDY IN THE
HIGH SCHOOL.
The studies of the Freshman year in the
Central High School are the same for all stu-
dents. At the close of that year an election
is made between Greek and German. At the
close of the Sophomore year there is a further
election for two vears for those who have not
elected Greek, between French and the
tinned study of Latin. At the close o
Junior year there is also for these studer
the scientific sections choice between sj
work in biology, chemistry, physics an<
plied mathematics, including laboratory
tice in each of these subjects. In the S
vear the students of the classical sections
between German and French.
Admissions to the school are ordii
made by promotions from the twelfth :
of the boys' grammar, consolidated
combined schools of the citv. This is
on the results of an examination held i
month of June under the direction of th
perintendent of Public Schools, and
nounced to the Principals of the school
to the public by advertisement. Unde
act passed bv the State Legislature in
the children of soldiers who served in th
War, although not residents of the cit;
entitled to admission if found compete
pass. All other candidates must be resi
of the city. The age of thirteen is rec
for admission, but the average in r
classes is over fifteen.
STUDENTS' INTERESTS.
The students of the school rid them
of the monotony with w^hich school life
often conducted by organizing associ:
among themselves, musical, literary an(
letic. For many years past the resp
graduating classes have published a 1
little monthly called 'The Mirror," \\h
the organ of the Associated Alumni, an<
tains, besides original matter contribut
the students, much valuable and inten
information regarding the school ar
alumni. The students have adopted o
and red as the school colors.
STATISTICS.
The number of students in the sch<
the beginning of 1896 was 865, and
was an increase during the year. Fro
142
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC -LIBRARY
ASTOR^LENO-X AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
/
opening of the school in 1838 to 1895, inclu-
sive, 14,655 students were admitted. Of
these 4,244 graduated in the full four years'
course of study, and over 2,500 received cer-
tificates of having completed partial courses
of two vears or more, and less than four.
INTROSPECTIVE.
That the next half century will see
the Central High School become one
of the greatest educational institutions
of its kind in the country no one who
is in touch with its aims and spirit can doubt.
It has made great progress in the past few
years; it may surprise the world in the years
to come. With the completion of the new
building the High School wall enter upon a
new and glorious epoch, and the greatest
dreams which its loyal graduates entertain
concerning it may be realized.
There is talk of enlarging- its sphere and
raising its standard. This proposition has the
cordial support of every friend of public edu-
cation and it cannot be carried into effect too
soon. There is also consideraole talk about
chang-ing the name of the school to the "Col-
leg'e of Philadelphia." The president of the
faculty and some of the alumni are in favor
of it, but there are manv others who as
earnestly oppose it.
THE NEW BUILDING.
The new building now being erected at the
southwest comer of Broad and Green streets,
will, when completed, rank among the finest
school buildings in the country.
The lot has a frontage of 186 feet 5 inches
on Broad and on Fifteenth streets, 395 feet 8
inches on Green and 01 1 Brandy wine streets.
The size of the main building is 170 feet by 221
feet 1 1 inches, four stories in height, with a
basement, and the annex 1 10 feet by 150 feet,
also four stories high, with an interior court-
3^ard 66 feet 6 inches by 80 feet 10 inches.
The architecture is of the Norman type, and
both structures are granite. The height of
the floors of the main building follows:
Basement, 11 feet; first story, 16 feet; second
and third stories, each 15 feet; fourth story,
1 3 feet. The ridge of the roof is 92 feet above
the curb on Broad street. There are sixtv
rooms in the main building, not including the
basement, fifty-two being class rooms. The
largest is 34 by 56 feet, and the smallest is 30
by 39 feet 6 inches; there are also eight lab-
oratories, a private office and president's
room. The basement has thirteen rooms and
two laboratories. On the Broad street front
there is a tower 32 by 38 feet, surmounted
bv an astronomical dome 24 feet in diameter,
and the top of the stone work is 137 feet
above tlie curb Hue. There will be two spa-
cious stairways and two fire-escape stairways,
also three elevators in the main building, two
. for passengers and one for freio^ht. One of
the passenger elevators will run to the
top of the tower, and the freight elevator from
n ttie basement to the fourth floor.
The basement of the annex will contain the
coat rooms, lunch rooms and a swimming
pool; the first floor consists of a lecture room,
seating 800 people, an alumni library and
reading room, and four rooms to be used a::
offices and retiring rooms; the second and third
floors are taken up by the large assembly
room, 80 by 144 feet, with a spacious p^allery
along the east side, and has a total seating
capacity of 2,500. The height of the ceiling
is 33 feet. The platform is 28 by 40 feet, with
retiring rooms on either side.
In the assembly hall will be the memorial
window to Edward T. Steel, the late Presi-
dent of the Board of Public Education, placed
there by his daughters. It w^ill be a beautiful
work of art; the twelve subjects treated are
astronomy, instruction, wood carving, recrea-
tion, sewing, painting, chemistry, singing,
cooking, studying, forging and kindergartens.
The dimensions are 20 hy 14 feet. The in-
scription wil read: **In memory of the ^ove
Edward T. Steel bore the children of Phila-
delphia." The fourth story will be devoted
to a gymnasium; the main room is the same
145
size as the assembly hall, and will be supplied
with dressing rooms and apparatus, and the
height of the ceiling is 40 feet. The annex
has two wide stairwavs, also an additional
flight from the assembly room floor to the
gallery; likewise, two fire-escape stairways,
one at each end of the building. The main
building will be connected with the Fifteenth
street structure by an iron bridge, 8 feet wide,
connecting each floor of the two buildings.
These, together with the stairways, will
render the assembly room absolutely safe in
case of fire. The space between the main
building and the annex, 58 feet 3 inches by 85
feet, will be utilized for a boiler, engine and
dynamo room.
The roof of the building will be slate, the
skylights wire glass and the payements and
cellar floor cement. The floors are of yenti-
lated, fire-proof construction, and the stair-
wavs are iron. The interior woodwork will
be quartered oak, the plastering adamant or
Windsor cement, and the ceiling steel. The
corridor floors will be laid in mosaic, and the
rooms and corridors wainscoted with tile, the
corridors 6 feet high, and the rooms to the
window sills. The building will be ventilated
and heated by the fan system, and lighted by
gas and electricity. The sanitary installment
will be complete and embrace every modern
improvement.
THE ADJOINING PROPERTY.
An effort will be made to have the property
south of the new building, bounded by Broad,
Fifteenth, Brandywine and Spring Garden
streets, secured by the city and converted into
a public park. This would prevent the erec-
tion of any noisy or unsightly factory building
on the site, and would be decidedly advanta-
geous to the High School.
THE FACULTY.
The present faculty of the school is consti-
tuted as follows: —
Robert Ellis Thompson, A. M., S
President, and Professor of Ethics an
cal Science.
Zephaniah Hopper, A. M., Prof
Geometry.
George Stuart, A. M., Ph. D., Pro
the Latin Language and Literature
of the Department of Ancient and
Languages.
David W.Jey Bartine, A. M., M.
fessor of Algebra and Secretary
Faculty.
Edwin James Houston, A. M.,
Emeritus Professor of Physical Ge
and Natural Philosophy.
Jacob Farnum Holt, A. M., M. ]
fessor of Anatomy and Phvsiolo
Natural History. Head of the Dep
of Biology.
Max Straube, Professor of the
Language and Literature.
George Washington Schock, A. M.
Professor of Higher Mathematics.
Frederick Foster Christine, A. ^
fessor of Logic and Rhetoric.
William Houston Greene, A. M.,
Emeritus Professor of Chemistry.
Monroe Benjamin Snyder, A. M., F
of Astronomy and Applied Math
Head of the Department of Mathem;
Henry Willis, A. M., Professor of
and Civil Government. Head of the
ment of History.
Al])ert Henry Smvth, A. B., Prof
the English Language and Literature
of the Department of English Langi
Literature.
Oscar C. S. Carter, Professor of
alogy. Geology and Associate in Chei
Harry Frederick Keller, B. S., Ph.
fessor of Chemistry. Head of the Dep
of Physical Science.
William Francis Grav, Professor c
ing and Architecture.
John Mather Miller, A. M., Assist;
fessor of the English Language and
ture.
146
Benjamin Franklin Lacy, A. M., B. S., Pro-
fessor of Physics and r'hysical Geography.
Samuel Erwin Berger, A. M., Assistant
Professor of Latin and Greek.
Charles Sumner Dolley, M. D., Professor of
Biolog}'.
Bernard Maurice, A. M., Instructor in the
French Language and Literature.
Ellis Anstett Schnabel, A. M., Assistant
Professor of Latin and Greek.
Ernest Lacv, Assistant Professor of the
English Language and Literature.
Howard Weidener DuBois, A. B., Assistant
Professor of Applied Mathematics.
Thomas Montgomery Lightfoot, M. S.,
Ph. D., Instructor in Physics.
Harry Heston Belknap, Instructor in His-
tory^
Philip Maas, M. A., Instructor in Chem-
istry.
John Duncan Spaeth, A. B., Ph. D., Pro-
fessor of English Philology.
James Henry Graham, A. B., Ph. B., In-
structor in Mathematics.
Julius Lederer Neufekl, A. B., E. E., In-
structor in Mathematics and Drawing.
Frank Spencer Edmonds, A. B., Ph. B., In-
structor in History.
Arthur Wellesley Howes, A. B., Assistant
Professor of Greek and Latin.
Francis Burke Brandt, A. B., Ph. D., Pro-
fessor of the Science of Pedagogics. Head of
the Department of the Science of Pedagogics.
Jonathan T. Rorer, Jr., A. M., Instructor
^n Mathematics.
Cheesman Abiah Herrick, Ph. B., Instruc-
tor in History.
John Allen Heany, A. B., Assistant in
Physics and Mechanics.
William John Long, A. M., Assistant to
the President.
Jesse Pawning, Jr., A. M., B. S., Instructor
in Physics.
John Stokes Morris, A. M., B. S., In-
structor in Mathematics.
Lewis Reifsneider Harley, Ph. D., Instruc-
tor in English and History.
James Miller Hill, A. M., Instructor in
Latin.
FORMER PRESIDENTS.
A list of the Principals and Presidents of
the High School from the time of its organ-
ization follows: —
Alexander Dallas Bache, LL. D., 1839-42.
John S. Hart, LL. D., 1842-58.
Nicholas H. Maguire, A. M., 1858-66.
George Inman Riche, A. M., 1866-86.
Franklin Taylor, M. D., 1886-88.
Henry Clark Johnson, A. M., LL. B., 1888-
93-
Robert Ellis Thompson, A. M., S. T. D.,
1894.
FORMER PROFESSORS.
The following is a list of the professors of
the High School since its organization, bar-
ring those of the present faculty: —
John Frost, LL. D., 1834-45.
Enoch C. Wines, A. M., 1838-41.
E. Otis Kendall, A. M., 1838-55.
Joseph Wharton, LL. D., 1838.
WilHam Vogdes, LL. D., 1838-61.
Henry McMurtrie, M. D., 1839-61.
J. A. Deloutte, 1840-43.
Rembrandt Peale, 1840-44.
John Sanderson, 1840-44.
Oliver A. Shaw, 1841-43.
John C. Cresson, 1842.
James C. Booth, A. M., 1842-45.
John F. Frazer, A. M., 1842-44.
Francis A. Bregy, A. M., 1843-58.
Henry Haverstick, A. M., 1844-66.
George J. Becker, 1844-53.
James Rhoads, A. M., 1845-77.
Martin H. Boye, M. D., 1845-59.
James A. Kirkpatrick, A. M., 1851-68.
Alexander J. MacNeill, A. M., 1853-62.
Frederick A. Roese, 1854-56.
James McClune, A. M., LL. D., 1855-77.
Edward W. Vogdes, M. D., 1858-87.
George Gerard, A. M., 1859-61.
B. Howard Rand, M. D., 1859-64.
«47
Remain Lujeane, 1859-60.
Lewis Angele, 1860-74.
Francis A. Bregy, A. M., 1862-66.
Henry Hartshorne, M. D., 1862-67.
Joseph W. Wilson, A. M., 1862-80.
Joseph B. Beale, 1862-66.
Lemuel Stevens, M. D., 1865-66.
Daniel W. Howard, A. M., 1866-86.
Isaac Norris, M. D., 1866-76.
John Kern, A. M., 1866-86.
Edwin J. Houston, A. M., 1867-94.
George Corliss, A. M., 1868-75.
Elihu Thomson, A. M., 1876-80.
Samuel Mecutchen, A. M., 1877-81.
William N. Meeks, A. M., 1878.
Franklin Taylor, M. D., 1878-86.
William H. Greene, M. D., 1880-92.
Andrew J. Morrison, 1881-83.
George Howard Cliff, A. M., 1883-93.
William L. Sayre, 1886-87.
William A. Mason, A. M., 1887-92.
FORMER ASSISTANT PROFESSORS
AND INSTRUCTORS.
The following is a list of the assistant pro-
fessors and instructors of the High School
since its organization, barring those who have
been connected as professors or who are now
connected as professors or assistants with the
school : —
Elvin K. Smith, A. M., 1843-44.
Daniel Strock, A. M., 1844-45.
James Lynd, A. M., 1845.
Thomas B. Cannon, A. B., 1845-46.
Frederick G. Heyer, A. M., 1846-51.
Samuel S. Fisher, A. M., 1851-53.
Henry S. Schell, M. D., 1853-54.
James B. Fisher, A. M., 1854-58.
William H. Williams, A. B., 1858-59.
Jacob G. H. Ring, A. M., 1859-66.
John S. Hough, M. D., 1868.
John S. Newton, M. D., 1868-70.
Henry Leffman, M. D., 1876-80.
Chester Nye Farr, Jr., A. B., LL. B..
1890-95.
FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL
OF PEDAGOGY.
The faculty of the School of Pedagogy ij.
constituted as follows: —
Robert Ellis Thompson, A. M., S. T. D..
President, and Professor of Ethical and Politi-
cal Science.
David Wesley Bartine, A. M., M. D., Pro-
fessor of School of Economy.
Frederick Foster Christine, A. M., Pro-
fessor of School Law.
Albert Henry Smvth, A. B., Professor of
the History of Education.
Charles Sumner Dolley, M. D., Professor
of Biology and of Methods of Teaching
Science.
William Francis Gray, Professor of Meth-
ods in Drawing and Modeling.
Henry Willis, A. M., Professor of Methods
of Teaching History and Geography.
Benjamin Franklin Lacy, A. M., B. S., Pro-
fessor of Educational Psychology.
Ernest Lacy, Instructor in Methods of
Teaching Reading.
John Duncan Spaeth, A. B., Ph. D., Profes-
sor of Methods of Teaching English.
Monroe Benjamin Snyder, A. M., Profes-
sor of the Pedagogics of Mathematics.
Francis Burke Brandt, A. B., Ph. D., Pro-
fessor of the Science of Pedagogics, and Head
of the Department.
148
^
^
Robert Ellis Thompson was born near
Waringstown. County Down, IrelaiKl, on the
5th of April, 1844. He was the son of a
farmer and manufacturer of linens, who emi-
grated to -America in 1857, an<l settled in
Philadelphia. He was admitted to the Han-
cock Grammar School, and transferred from
tliis to the Harrison Grammar School, from
which he went to the Hitrh School in Feb-
ruan*, 1858. ranking thir<l of one hundred and
nineteen then admitted. Finding the High
School did not then prepare for college he
withdrew to Dr. John W. Faires's Classical
Academy, from which he proceeded to the
University of Pennsylvania in i860. He was
'he first honor man of his class for the greater
part of his course, and at graduation, when he
delivere<l the Greek salutatory. Three years
later he delivered the master's oration.
In 1868, Dr. Thompson was chosen in-
stnictor in Latin and mathematics in the Uni-
«rsity of Pennsylvania, and in 1870 was
Iransferred to the department of history as
assistant to Professor Stiile. On the estab-
li'hment of the Wharton School he was
elected Professor of Social Science and en-
trusted, as dean, with its organization. On
the resignation of Dr. Stiile he returned to the
department of history, being made John
Welsh professor of that subject, with the con-
currence of the founder of that chair. In
1891 his resignation was asked for and re-
fused, and he was removed from the chair by
the trustees, he refusing to accept any other.
In February, 1893. he was elected President
of the Central High School, and has filled
that position since his inauguration in March
of that year.
Professor Thompson is well known as an
economist of the Protectionist School,
founded by Henry C. Carey. He was ap-
pointed Lecturer on "Protective Tariffs" in
Harvard University for the year 1884-85, and
in Yale University for the two years fol-
lowing. Besides his Harvard lectures he
has published two text-books of Politi-
cal Economy, as well as several pam-
phlets. He has lectured on the subject at
Princeton, Cornell, Swarthmore, Williams,
Amherst and Chautauqua; on ethics and
politics in the Plymouth Summer School of
Ethics, and on English literature in the Penn-
sylvania Chautauqua. He has taken an
active part in University extension work, lect-
uring in Philadelphia and adjacent cities.
Since 1891 he has been a member of the
faculty of the Wagner Free Institute of
Science, lecturing on history, literature or
economics every winter.
Professor Thompson was ordained by the
Reformed Presbytery of Philadelphia in 1873,
and united with the Presbvterian Church in
1882. He has never had a pastoral charge.
He wrote the historv of the Presbvterian
Church for the series published by the Christ-
ian Literature Society. In 1891, he was
Stone lecturer in Princeton Seminary, and
published his lectures under the title: *'De
Civitate Dei: The Divine Order of Human
Society."
For the first ten years of its existence Pro-
fessor Thompson edited **The Penn Monthly,"
but In 1880 resigned to become editor of *'The
American," a literary and political weekly,
with which he continued until its suspension
in 1890. He has written largely for other
periodicals on religious, economic and histor-
ical questions.
I ^0
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
A8T0H, LENOX AND
TILDC.M FOUNDATIONS
« L
The Philadelphia Normal School for Girls
AND
The Girls' High School
In no feature of the development of edu-
cation in Philadelphia has the community
been more progressive, more alive to the
necessitiesof the times, than in providing pro-
fessional instruction for the teachers of her
schools. In 1818, twenty-one years before
the first State Normal School was opened in
Lexington, Mass., Pennsylvania, in the
law which provides '*for the education of
children at public expense, within the City
and County of Philadelphia/' gave to the
Controllers of Public Schools the power '*to
establish a Model School, in order to qualify
teachers for the Sectional schools and for
schools in other parts of the State.'*
This Model School, which was opened De-
cember 21, 1818, was situated on Chester
street between Race and Vine streets. It
was, in effect, what a normal school is to-day.
The system at first pursued was that of the
celebrated English educator, Joseph Lancas-
ter, who was the Principal.
The Model School was really a practice
school, in which the pupil-teacher learned
through experience how to manage unruly
charges. The popularity of the school was
great, it having at one time nearly six hundred
pupils.
INFANT MODEL SCHOOL
ESTABLISHED.
An Infant Model School was added to the
school in 1832, and this was immediately suc-
cessful, the President of the Board of Control,
Thomas Dunlap, saying of it in his annual
report for 1834: "It has furnished an admir-
a])le seminarv for the instruction of infant
school teachers, numbers of whom have regu-
arly devoted their time to the acquirement of
practical skill in conducting these schools."
Again, in 1835, President Dunlap said: ''The
- origina:! Model Infant School, established by
the .Controllers, continues to merit the w-arm
approbation which has heretofore been ex-
pressed by the Board, and in addition to its
direCij-ltflity to the pupils enrolled in it, has,
under the guidance of its experienced and in-
defatigable teacher, been of great importance
in the furtherance of the plan by the indis-
pensable aid it has furnished in preparing and
qualifying teachers for the same department
of instruction."
CONVERTED INTO A GRAMMAR
SCHOOL.
In 1836 it was found necessary to substi-
tute in the Model School, ''an older class of
females, graduates of the school, as assistants,
in the places of the monitors selected from the
pupils themselves," and the school became
one of the grammar schools of the city, los-
ing its distinctive character as a training
school for teachers.
JUDGE CAMPBELL'S PROPOSI-
TION.
In 1841, Hon. James Campbell, a noted
jurist, then a member of the Board of Con-
trollers, advocated the establishment of a high
153
school for girls. The following rcsohition
was offered by him in the Board: —
"Resolved, That a nigh School and a
school for female teachers be established, to
be conducted according to the plan herewith
annexed: —
"Resolved. That the sum of $3,000 be ap-
propriated for the erection of suitable build-
ings for said school, and purchasing furniture
for it, and that the committee on said sciiooj
be authorized to have the same erected an<l
completed forthwith."
The resolution was signed by Judge Cam]t-
bell, Henry Leech and WilHam F. Ireland.
The idea was too advanced for the time and
consideration of the matter was indefinitely
Philadelphia, feeling that the experience and
training of the teachers of the city schools
were inadequate, converted the Model School
into a Normal School, in 1848. While to
Massachusetts must belong the honor of hav-
ing established the first State Normal School,
Philadelphia is to be credited with being the
first city in the United States to establish a
city school exclusively for the training of
teachers.
FACULTY OF THE FIRST NORMAL
SCHOOL.
The Normal School was opened on Feb-
ruary 1, 1848, with Dr. A. T. W. Wright as
HON. JAMES CAMPBEl.
postponed. But the sentiment in favor of
higher education for girls, which was aroused
by the agitation inaugurated by Judge Camp-
bell, resulted, a few years later, in the estab-
lishment of the Normal School.
NORM.^lL SCHOOL ESTAB-
LISHED.
In the meantime great attention had been
given to normal school training in other parts
of the country, Massachusetts, in 1839,
established the first State Normal School in
America, and, in 1844, New York established
a similar school at Albany. The need of pro-
fessional training for teachers was recognized
everywhere, and the School Controllers of
DR. A, T. W. WRIGHT.
Principal, and the following corps of in-
structors:—
Miss Elizabeth Jackson, Teacher of Mathe-
matics.
Miss Emma L. Field, Teacher of History.
Miss Mary E. Houpt, Teacher of Gram-
mar.
Miss Mary E. Brown, Teacher of Reading.
E. W. Mumford, Teacher of Drawing and
Writing.
D. P. Alden, Teacher of Music.
The course of study was decidedly element-
ary and demanded but two years for its com-
pletion. Meagre as was the curriculum as
<AI
THE NEV? YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
L
A8TOR» LfeNOX AH-D
T1U)KM MVMDATIOMS
compared with that o£ similar schools to-day,
it was greatly in advance of other schools for
girls of that period.
SERGEANT STREET BUILDING
ERECTED.
The new school was a great popular success
and the old Model School building was soon
filled to its utmost capacity. To meet the
increased demand for higher education, the
Board of Control erected, in 1853, on Ser-
geant street between Ninth and Tenth streets,
a large building which it was expected would
efforts of Principal Wright, who devoted him-
self unreservedly to the interests of the school,
the opposition never obtained sufficient
strength to obstruct its progress. The
labor of carrying on the school, and
of adjusting it to meet pubhc needs and
t!ie popular concept ion of such a school,finaliy
proved too exhausting, and Dr. Wright was
obliged to resign in September, 1856, He
died a few years later. He was succeeded by
Philip A. Cregar, who was elected on Jan-
uary 13, 1857. Miss Mary E. Houpt was
Acting Principal between the time of Dr.
Wright's resignation and Mr, Cregar's ap-
pointment.
PHILIP A. CREGAR.
be equal to the demands of many years to
come. The school was transferred to the new
building in 1854. together with the Model
School, which was subsequently organized as
a School of Practice.
CREGAR ELECTED PRINCIPAL.
Il was not to be expected that the estab-
lishment of the Normal School would meet
1 no opposition.
As in the case of the
Central High School, there were many com-
plaints that it was a needless and expensive
addition to the school system, not warranted
by any general demand. Mainly through the
CHANGED TO A GIRLS' HIGH
SCHOOL.
" In September, 1859, occurred one of the
most curious events in the long history of the
school. It was the formal ahoHtion of the
Sc1ioolofPractice,and the change of the name
-of the Normal School to that of Girls' High
School. The Board ordered these changes in
June, and at the same time prescribed a course
of study extending over three years, and
including the Latin language. The cir-
cumstances which brought about these
changes grew out of the fact that the Model
orPracticeSchool had for some time been the
object of the jealous attacks of Principals of
girls* grammar schools, which were in com-
petition with the Model School at the semi-
annual examinations for promotion to the
Normal School. The Model School pupils
were so uniformly successful at these semi-
annual tests that the school soon threatened
to outrank other schools of its grade in differ-
ent parts of the city. The Principals of these
schools "attributed the success of the Model
School to extraneous advantages, of which
they complained in a formal remonstrance,
and asked leave to have its grade reduced, so
as to remove it from the arena of competi-
tion."
AGAIN A NORMAL SCHOOL.
Although the Normal School ceased to
exist HI name, the Girls' High Scliool. as a
matter of fact, still prepared teachers for the
schools. This end was secured by permitting
those who signified an intention to become
teachers, to teach during the last two years ol
their course. The Sectional Boards were
asked to name certain of the schools under
their control which they were willing to have
used as Practice Schools. As this invitation
was ignored by the Sectional Boards, the
graduates of the High School were thus de-
prived of all opportunity to obtain practice in
teaching, except such as might be had within
the walls of the High School itself.
A year's experience with this unsatisfactory
change convinced the Board of its error, and
the special characteristics of the old Normal
School were restored. The Senior class be-
came, in effect, a post-graduate class, whose
members taught in the "preparatory" or prac-
tice school. With the re-establishnient of the
Normal class, the school was re-named, its
new title being "The Girls' High and Normal
School." This name was retained until 1868,
when the word "high" was stricken from the
title, leaving it simply "The Girls' Normal
School."
MR. FETTER ELECTED
PRINCIPAL.
In 1865 George \Y. Fetter became
Principal of the school. He was a successful
grammar master of experience and a gentle-
man of exceptional tact and ability. Mr.
Fetter was born in Montgomery County, Pa-
January 22, 1827. He was educated in the
Philadelphia public schools, and at the age of
nineteen began to teach, continuing as a
teacher in grammar and other schools in Phil-
adelphia until his election as Principal of the
Girls' High School.
NEW BUILDING ERECTED.
L'nder his skillful management the school
rapidly grew in distinction and popularity.
The number of pupils annually increased, and
the demand for additional facilities and a
greatly enlarged scope of work became im-
perative. A lot of ground was purchase<l,
therefore, at Seventeenth and Spring Garden
streets, and upon it was erected a magnificent
.school building, complete in all its appoint-
ments, the model school building of its day.
The school was removed to this structure in
November, 1876, the building having been
dedicated with imposing ceremonies on Oc-
tober 30th of that year.
With the change of location came also
marked changes in the curriculum of the
school. This was increased to cover a period
of four years, the last year being devoted
largely to professional work and to practice
in the practice school. Although, judged by
the standards of to-day, the course of study
was lacking in many professional branches,
yet it was far in advance of other schools of its
kind. Its course in psychologj' and theory
of teaching was an extended one for that time
and, in the field of English, it was far superior
to others. The practice in teaching was
thorough and valuable, and the effect of the
work of the new school was soon felt in the
elementary schools, to which it sent large
numbers of teachers better qualified for theit
profession than ever before in the history of
the school system. Too much praise cannot
be given to Principal Fetter fcr his admirable
administration of the school.
RAPID DEVELOPMENT.
So successful was the Normal School that
in little more than a decade it was found in-
adequate to the demands made upon it. So
overcrowded did it become as to threaten
seriously to impair the efficiency of the work.
From a school of nine hundred and one in
1876, it had grown, by 1890, to a school of
over twice that number. From a graduating
class of less than one hundred in 1876, it had
a graduating class of over three hundred in
1892. Hampered by overcrowded class-
rooms and overworked teachers, only the
superior management of Principal Fetter
saved the school from serious faikire.
NEW NORMAL SCHOOL
OPENED.
It was clearly recognized by the Board of
Public Education that something should be
done to provide additional facilities for the
school. It was finally determined to remove
the professional features entirely from the
academic work and to establish in separate
]>uildings a Girls' High School and a Normal
School. A lot was secured at Thirteenth and
Spring Garden streets, and upon this was
erected a fine granite building, which w^as
completed in 1893. ^^^^ building was dedi-
cated on October 30th, just seventeen years
after the date of dedication of the school at
Seventeenth and Spring Garden streets. It
was decided to place the Normal School and
the Practice School in this building, and on
November 1, 1893, ^'^^ school was opened,
with George H. Cliflf as Principal. Mr. Cliflf
was formerly Principal of the Camac Gram-
mar School, and, later. Professor of English
Composition, Rhetoric and Logic at the Cen-
tral High School, and Professor of Methods
in the School of Pedagogy.
The work of the new^ Normal School was
cast on purely professional lines. The aca-
demic studies, which had been so conspicuous
and important a feature of the old school,
were confined to the Girls' High School,
whose graduates have since been and are now
the source of supply of the Normal School.
Tlie gain to the community by this arrange-
ment is incalculable. It is equivalent to
establishing for the profession of teaching as
strictly a professional school as is a medical
or law school. In the course of time, when
the graduates of the school are well distri-
buted in the schools, the full influence of this
important educational advance will be felt in
the connnunity.
A GRADUAL ADVANCE.
Fully to appreciate the great advance made
by the establishment of the new Normal
School, it will be only necessary to compare
the courseis of study at different periods of its
history. As has been seen, the curriculum
at the beginning (1848) embraced only the
studies but little beyond the elementary
school, mathematics, granunar, history, read-
ing, writing, drawing and music. Profes-
sional training was secured through actual ex-
perience in teaching and the more or less sys-
tematic assistance of the experienced teachers
of the school. Later, the last year of the
course was mainly given over to this practice,
while the theory was propounded by the head
of the practice department. In 1876, when
tlie school occupied the building at Seven-
teenth and Spring Garden streets, the course
in the final year had psychology strongly en-
trenched, and the theor}' of teaching occupied
a conspicuous place among tlie branches of
study. Emphasis was still laid upon prac-
tice, however, and the School of Practice was
themain reliance fordeterminingtheeducation
of the teachers. Side by side with this purely
professional work were geology, logic, arith-
metic, composition and rhetoric, elocution,
natural philoso])hy, astronomy, trigonometry.
iCu
academic studies, which took up the greater
part of the time. Soon, however, history of
education made its appearance in the curii-
culum,then methods of teaching the element-
ary studies, and then the kindergarten phi-
losophy. In the meantime, psychology was
given more attention and school management
was dealt with theoretically as well as practi-
cally. Thus, notwithstanding the fact that
academic studies were taken up in the last
year of the course, the purely ])rofessional
studies were found coming to the fore and
driving the others back to the first years of
the course. It only needed the separation of
the professional course from the academic to
make the divorce between the two complete
in name as it had been virtuallv in fact.
PRESENT COURSE OF STUDY.
The course of studv in the new school em-
braces in the first year, educational psychol-
ogy; methods of teaching the elements of
knowledge, (a) language, (b) number and
form, (c) natural objects, (d) facts in human
life, etc.; school economy, methods of teach-
ing botany, zoology, arithmetic, reading,
music, modeling and drawing, sewing, gym-
nastics and physical culture, philosophy of the
kindergarten and woodworking. During the
second year, the course is as follows: Phi-
losophy of education, history of education;
methods of teaching physics and chemistry,
language and literature, history; observation
and practice of teaching in practice school,
educational reading, with discussions; educa-
tional investigations.
A SPLEXDID BUILDING.
From this brief outline it will be seen that
the school has a course of study, which, for
breadth and thoroughness, has no superior.
Nor are the facilities for its carrving out less
comprehensive and complete than the course
itself. The Normal School building is finely
adapted to its special purpose. It is mas-
sively constructed of granite with courses of
Indiana sandstone, the effect being s
handsome. It is four stories high
dimensions are 178 by 150 feet. It
a magnificent assembly room capable
ing nearly 1,400 persons; a handson
or lecture room that will seat over
sons; a large gymnasium, 88 by 56
physical laboratories, two chemica
tories,a natural history laboratory an
library room, all fitted up in the i
proved style. There are also eight
rooms for Normal students, and sixt
rooms for the practice school and ki
ten: a lunch room in the basement
dents, and another in one of the upp<
for teachers. On each floor are
rooms for teachers, and the general a<
(lations for students are complete J
venient. In the basement, which is
well lighted, there is a large room fit!
a manual shop, also one for a modeli
for the school of observation, and an<
a play room for pupils of this Mode!
Besides an excellent general eq
each department has elaborated in ;
way. Thus the department of bot
zoology is superbly fitted with tables f<
experimental work and investigatic
the rooms and corridors are lined w
filled with illustrative material. Eacl^
is provided with a high and low--pow<
scope and a dissecting microscoi
less complete are the laboratories ol
and chemistry, which occupy two «
rooms on the third floor. In the dej
of methods are maps, books and oth
ances, and the department of psych
also provided with illustrative materia
as experimental devices. The wood
department, too, is completely e
while the department of kindergartei
ophy is abimdantly supplied with mai
its use. Neither time nor thought 1
spared by the army of devoted teacl
the energetic committee to make th
ization of the school entirelv efiicien
purpose.
162
THE REN? YO^K^
PUBLIC U!JBART
A BRIEF SUMMING UP.
In his annual report for 1893 Superintend-
ent Brooks summed up the growth and work
of the school as follows: —
"The school opened February i, 1848, with
106 pupils and 7 teachers, including the Prin-
cipal. In 1865 it contained 270 pupils and 10
teachers. Since that time the most remark-
able increase in numbers has been made that
can be found in the history of any normal
school in the country, wath the possible ex-
ception of the one in New York. In 1893 i^
contained 1,775 pupils, with 52 teachers.
Since its establishment, 6,140 pupils have
graduated. The whole number of pu]Mls who
have attended is 12,710, and of that nunil)er
nearly 5,000 have been engaged in teaching
in the public schools of the city. At the pres
ent time over 2,400 of the teachers in Phila-
delphia are graduates of the school, including
a large majority of the women Principals of
the citv."
Since the above paragraph was written
there have been graduated from the new
school 629 students, and of these about one-
half have already received appointments in the
elementary schools. The number in attend-
ance in the normal department is about 700
and in the practice department about 450.
The faculty at present numbers 47 teachers,
including the Principals of the normal and
practice departments and their assistants.
Already the building is over-crowded and
means must be provided in the near future for
its extension or its efficiencv will be seriouslv
impaired.
Each course extended over a period of three
years.
NEW GIRLS' HIGH SCHOOL.
With the opening of the new X^ormal
School, in 1893, ^ ^^^v curriculum was for-
mulated by Superintendent Brooks and
adopted by the Board of Public Education for
the Girls' High School. It embraces three
distinct courses, a general course, a classical
course and a commercial or business course.
MR. FETTER'S RESIGNATION.
In June, 1894, the cchool sustained a great
loss in the resignation of the Principal,
George W. Fetter, who for nearly thirtv years
had administered the affairs of the school
wisely and well. In his resignation the pub-
lic school system of Philadelphia sustained no
ordinary loss. Men such as he are few% ard
he left the service with the respect and est?em
not only of the thousandsof youngwomenwho
had passed through the school during his ad-
ministration, but of the Board of Public Edu-
cation and all with whom he had been associ
atjed in school work.
DR. WIGHT ELECTED PRINCIPAL.
Mr. Fetter's successor is Dr. John G.
Wight, an educator of high reputation, who
was elected Principal in the summer of i8q^,
and has since conducted the school with
marked success.
DR. WIGHT'S ADMINISTRATION.
A literal system of marking class recitations
and test examinations was adopted in 1894.
During the same year the classical course was
modified to mak^ it more distinctively a col-
lege preparatory course, and the business
course was slightly altered to make it meet
the requirements of a strictly business educa-
tion.
In 1895 ^1^^ previous crowded condition of
the school and of class sections was very
considerablv relieved by the establishment of a
branch school for the business department in
the Odd Fellows' Building, at the southeast
corner of Broad and Spring Garden streets.
This annex is in charge of Miss Emily L. Gra-
ham, who is the head of the business depart-
ment.
165
To facilitate the working of the school the
teaching force was organized into depart-
ments, in 1895, ^"^1 ^ teacher was designated
as the head of each.
In 1896, the general course was extended
from three to four vears, and the title of busi-
ness course was changed to commercial
course.
It is believed that within a year or two it
will be absolutely neccssarv to erect an ad-
ditional building for the Girls' High School.
In such an event the edifice will probably l)e
located in another section of the city for the
convenience of the pupils.
FACULTY OF THE NORMAL
SCHOOL.
The faculty of the Philadelphia Normal
School for Girls is constituted as follows: —
George Howard Cliff, A. M., Principal, and
Professor of the Philosophy of Education.
Margaret S. Prichard, Teacher of Psychol-
ogy-
Sydney T. Skidmore, A. M., Professor of
Physics and Chemistry.
Grace E. Spiegle, Teacher of Physical
Training.
Mary A. Campbell Teacher of Drawing.
Mary E. Dwier, Critic Teacher.
Pauline W. Spencer, Teacher of Literature
and History of Education.
Anna W. Williams, Teacher of Kindergar-
ten Philosophy.
Sophia W. Burmester, Teacher of Methods.
Elizabeth S. Tait, Teacher of Methods.
Anna \V. Cheston, Teacher of Music.
Helen Baldwin, Teacher of Reading.
Fannie Patton, Teacher of Sewing.
Lucy L. W. Wilson, Teacher of Biology.
Elizabeth N. Woolman, Assistant, Depart-
ment of Phvsics and Chemistrv.
Adeline F. Schively, Assistant, Department
of Biology.
M. Louise Nichols, Assistant, Department
of Biology.
R. Winifred Blake, Assistant. Department
of Physical Training.
Marv P. Harmon, Teacher of Ps
«-
Lucy C. Gendell, Assistant, Depa
Biology.
Bertha L. Bartlett. Assistant, Di
of Physical Training.
Elizabeth P. Tawresey, Assistant
ment of Drawing.
Linda M. Whitaker, Assistant, D<
of Phvsics and Chemistrv.
Mary C. Peacock, Assistant, D<
of Phvsics and Chemistrv.
Anne L. Turner, Assistant, Depa
l^hvsics and Chemistrv.
Caroline L. Pratt, Teacher of W
ing.
AHce H. Beckler, Assistant, Depa
Biology.
C. Geraldine O'Gradv, Teacher c
garten Philosophy.
A. H. Hall, Principal of the Schc
servation and Practice.
Maria P. Ryan, Assistant, School
vation.
Lily Lamborn, Assistant, School
vation.
Margaret M. Perkins, Assistant,
Observation .
Annie C. Eaton, Assistant, Scho
servation.
Emma C. Harte, Assistant, Scho
servation.
Katharine R. Thompson, Assistai
of Observation.
Edith A. Turner, Assistant, Schc
servation.
Harriet L. Smith, Assistant, Schc
servation.
Margaret J. McCoy, Assistant,
Observation.
Hannah M. Crowell, Assistant,
Observation.
Lizette J. Morgan. Assistant, Schc
servation.
Anna R. (iilchrist. Assistant, Kinc
Rebecca \'anHaagen, Assistant,
garten.
166
B8
I THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC L; 'RARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TLLDSpA FOUNDATIONS
Helen Grice, Assistant, Kindergarten.
Elizabeth O'Neill, Assistant, Kindergarten.
Grace White, Assistant, Kindergarten.
Mary P. Farr, Assistant, Department of
literature.
Alouise C. Longstreth, Assistant to the
Vincipal of the School of Observation.
Viola Howard, Assistant to the Principal of
he Normal School.
FACULTY OF THE HIGH
SCHOOL.
The faculty of the Girls' High School is
:onstituted as follows: —
John G. Wight, Principal and Instructor in
Latin.
Katharine A. Hoffman, Principal's Assist-
iiit.
Emma V. McLoughlin, Teacher of History
and English.
Sarah A. Edwards, Teacher of English and
Physical Geography.
Mary A. Kereven, Teacher of English.
Louise H. Haeseler, Teacher of History.
Clara J. Hendley, Teacher of Mathematics.
Sophia Maffitt, Teacher of Sewing.
Amelia C. Wight, Teacher of Mathematics.
Louisiana T. Scott, Teacher of English.
Louise Kromer, Teacher of Physiology and
Hygiene.
Margaret Sproul, Teacher of Mathematics.
Ada V. Hubbs, Teacher of Drawling.
Elizabeth H. DuBois, Teacher of Latin.
Margaret S. Roberts, Teacher of English.
Virginia Baldwin, Teacher of English.
Helen G. Gushing, Teacher of Cooking.
Mary G. Umsted, Teacher of French and
Geometry.
Emma H. Carroll, Teacher of Mathematics.
Maude M. Verner, Teacher of Drawing.
Mabel Church, Teacher of Drawing.
Imogene C. Belden, Teacher of Cooking.
Emma L. G. Thomas, Teacher of English.
F. Irene Steele, Teacher of EngHsh.
M. Ella Lyndall, Teacher of Zoology.
Mary N. Weatherly, Teacher of History.
John H. Humphries, Teacher of Latin.
Mary C. Geisler, Teacher of Mathematics,
Jessie Dalrymple, Teacher of Elocution.
Evaline Young, Teacher of Physical Exer-
cises.
Miriam Kuhn, Teacher of Physical Ex-
ercises.
Eva Dilks, Teacher of Latin.
Elizabeth W. Massinger, Teacher of His-
tory.
Clara Seidensticker, Teacher of German.
Ida A. Keller, Teacher of Chemistry.
Blanche Baldwin, Teacher of American
History.
Emma L. Newitt, Teacher of English.
Georgina H. Carruthers, Teacher of Chem-
istry.
Anna M. Breadin, Teacher of Mathematics.
Mary S. Berry, Teacher of Physics.
Mary D. Grififith, Teacher of Physics.
Caroline Gaston, Teacher of Latin.
/ Lucy Lewis, Teacher of Chemistry.
Sally H. Delano, Teacher of Latin.
Dency M. Barker, Teacher of Physics.
Carolyn Grambo, Teacher of Botany.
Catharine Suydam, Teacher of History.
Gertrude Manship, Teacher of English.
Clementine Dalcour, Teacher of French.
Emilv L. Bull, Teacher of Latin.
Beulah W. DarHngton, Teacher of Latin.
Frances Palen, Teacher of Latin.
Sarah H. Groff, Teacher of Latin.
Lois M. Otis, Teacher of Botany.
Anna W. Cheston, Teacher of Music.
Emily L. Graham, Assistant to Principal.
C. Josephine Foulke, Teacher of English.
Mary S. Holmes, Teacher of Physics, Phys-
ical and Commercial Geography.
Agnes H. Long, Teacher of Commercial
Arithmetic.
Eda May Peirce, Teacher of Business
Methods and Commercial Arithmetic.
Lena Klein, Teacher of Stenography and
Typewriting.
Mary V. Shea, Teacher of Commercial
Arithmetic.
Mildred B. Lamont, Teacher of Stenog-
raphy and Typewriting.
Henrietta C. Leypoldt, Teacher of German.
Emma J. Longstreth, Teacher of History
and Book-keeping.
Ella C. Hilton, Teacher of Business Meth-
ods.
Franklin N. Close, Teacher of Stenography.
Elizabeth B. Janney, Teacher of French.
Elizabeth Lodor, Teacher of English and
American History.
Lucille Andrews, Teacher of Stenography
and Typewriting.
Mary Harshberger, Teacher of l^hysiology
and Commercial Arithmetic.
Marie A. Depue, Teacher of Elocution and
Algebra.
Mary B. McMullan, Teacher of Latin and
French.
Bertha C. Yocum, Teacher of Zoology.
EmiHe Beaudoux, Teacher of French.
Ada B. Curtis, Teacher of Mathematics.
Anna O. Goepp, Teacher of German.
Emilie R. Patton, Teacher of Commercial
Arithmetic and Penmanship.
Avarene L. Budd, Teacher of English and
Business Forms.
FORMER TEACHERS OF THE HIGH
AND NORMAL SCHOOLS.
The following is a list of the teachers of the
Girls' High and Normal Schools since 1848,
barring those of the present faculties: —
A. T. W. Wright, 1848-55.
Elizabeth Jackson, 1848-49.
Emma L. Field, 1848-49.
Mary E. Houpt, 1848-66.
Mary E. Brown, 1848-55.
E. W. Mumford, 1848-52.
D. P. Alden, 1848-49.
Anna Vanarsdalen, 1849-50.
Mary E. Tazewell, 1849-61.
George Ringsley, 1849-52.
Renee X. Townsend, 1851-66.
Martha H. Rogers, 1851-62.
W. M. Fenney, 1852-54.
John Bower, 1854-56.
Mary M. Spackman, 1855-57.
PhiHp A. Cregar, 1856-64.
Thomas Bishop, 1856-59.
Matilda C. Barns, 1857-84.
Marian Ash, 1859-66.
Anna B. Duff, 1859-69.
Josephine Johnson, 1859-65.
Henrietta Thomas, 1859-66.
Mary H. Henderson, 1859-64.
Caroline Price, 1861-63.
Mary F. Ely, 1862-67.
Mary E. Durnett, 1863-66.
(ieorge W. Fetter, Principal, 1864-9*
Cornelius Everest, 1864-85.
Mary E. Tazewell, 1865-66.
Lavinia Whit taker, 1866-70.
Sarah A. Walker, 1866-72.
Ella Buzby, 1866-67.
Sarah W. Smith, 1866-84.
Mary C. Dickes, 1866-75.
Gertrude Murdoch, 1866-68.
Elizabeth W. Dickson, 1867-80.
Lydia F. Hamor, 1867-72.
Emma E. Geiselman, 1868-71.
Lelia E. Pat ridge, 1868-74.
Rebecca R. Bennett, 1869-73.
Margaret S. Rodney, 1870-75.
EHza C. Bower, 1871-78.
Elizabeth A. Brown, 1872-78.
Mary Fisher, 1872-90.
Anna M. Fullerton, 1873-80.
Clara R. Phillips, 1874-77.
M. Maria Underwood, 1874-80.
Susan R. Mitchell, 1876-77.
Elizabeth Dornan, 1876-82.
Abbie A. Hinkle, 1876-77.
Emily J. Walters, 1876-78.
Mar\' McCurdy, 1876-80.
Francis D. Moore, 1876-80.
Eleanor Worthington, 1876-79.
Elizabeth P. Watson, 1876-79.
Kate S. Hershey, 1877-83.
Ida E. Lever, 1877-86.
Lillie W. Hemphill, 1877-80.
Lydia F. Hamor, 1877-88.
Anna C.Walsh, 1878-83.
Caroline W. Greenbank, 1878-82.
Jane C. Wylie, 1878-86.
Clara A. Burr, 1879-82.
170
Is
II
THE HEW TOR^ ,
PUBLIC LIBRAKT |
Emma T. Mann, 1880-83.
Emily S. Dinnin, 1880-85.
H. Kate Murdoch, 1880-85.
Lydia A. Kirby, 1882-83. ^
Elizabeth H. Greenbank, 1882-86.
Mary Wright, 1883-90.
Elizabeth V. Blodget, 1883-84.
Hannah M. Cheyney, 1885-89.
Marcia Wilson, 1885-90.
Ella Buckman, 1886-88.
Caroline E. Spencer, 1886-88.
Helen M. Spring, 1887-91.
Mary E. Driver, 1888-93.
Blanche T. Peirce, 1888-90.
Margaret J. McVeagh, 1888-90.
Helen A. Wilder, 1888-92.
Sarah A. Stewart, 1888-89.
Isabella M. Wilbur, 1889-95.
Leah W. Steer, 1889-90.
Clara P. Peeler, 1890-95.
Emily Paige, 1890-91.
Gratia Cobb, 1891-92.
C. Stockton Gaunt, ]\I. D., 1893-94.
Emilie Klaisi, 1893-96.
Mary E. LaForge, 1893-94.
Elizabeth ^FcCandless, 1893-94.
'Mary E. ^lumford, 1893-95.
Anna K. Collins, 1894-95.
* Teachers in the new Normal School, Thirteenth and
Spring (iarden streets.
'7.'
CRDRGF, H. CI.IFK,
George H. Cliff. Principal of tlie Pliiladel-
phia Normal Scliool for Girls, was horn at
Tobyhaniia, Pa., May 3, 1859. He was edu-
cated in the public schools of Phiiadelpliia and
was graduated from the Central High School
with the highest honors of his class, in June,
1878. He began the study of law, but in
order to secure the funds necessary for the
further prosecution of his studies, he took up
teaching as a temporary expedient.
His first school was at Wallintrford. Pa. A
term's work demonstrated his ability as a
teacher, the Wallingford school in Mr, Cliff's
brief period of service achieving more than a
local reputation. Mr. Clifif was appointed
Principal of the Caniac Grammar School in
1881, the Board of Public Education suspend-
ing its rules to confirm his election, he lacking
the prescribed three years' experience for such
a position.
In 1884 Mr. Cliff was jtromoted to the Cen-
tral High School, becoming at first the Pro-
fessor of Higher .Xrithmetic and Mensuration
and subsequently filling the chair of Rhetoric
and Logic. In 1890 when the School of Peda-
gogy was organized he was selected to take
charge of the department of methods. In
May, 1893, he was unanimously elected by
the Committee on Normal School of the
Board of Public Education to the jiosition of
Principal of the Xormal School, the present
building of which was then in course of erec-
tion.
Mr. Cliff did not abandon his determination
to he a lawyer until some time after his elec-
tion to the High School position, and for
some time pursued his legal studies, although
he was never admitted to the bar. He has had
considerable experience in joumahstic work.
He is a member of the University Club, the
Educational Club, the American Academy of
Political and Social Science, the National
Educational Association, the Teachers' Insti-
tute of Philadelphia, the Historical Society
of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Society
of the Sons of the Revolution, the Con-
temporary Club and the Geographical
Cluh.
The Xormal School, under Mr. Cliff's man-
agement, has achieved exceptional success,
and has already sprung to the front rank of
normal schools in thiscountry, being without a
rival in nianypoints of equipment and method.
The school's success is due not only to
the fact that Mr. Cliff is an energetic organ-
izer and that the times were propitious for a
successful educational movement in Philadel-
phia, but also and more especially to the
fact that he has a keen, intuitive sense of what
is good and worthy of his energies.
DR. JOHN G, WIGHT.
Dr. John G. Wight. Principal of tlie Girls'
High School, was born in Gilead, Oxford
County, Me., March 2, 1842. At the age of
twelve years he removed to Gorhani, N. H.
His earlier education was received in the com-
mon schools, with a few terms in private
schools. He was fitted for college at Gould
Academy, Bethel, Me., and at the Maine State
Seminary, now Bates College. Lewiston, He
graduated from Bowdoin College in 1864.
In the fall of that year he read law for a
short time at Lancaster, N. H., and during
the following year continued his legal studies
while teaching. In the spring of 1865 he was
an assistant teacher in Bridgeton Academy,
North Bridgeton, Me., and in Mayof the same
year was called to a similar position in Coop-
erstown Seminary, at Cooperstown, N. Y.
In the fall of 1867 he was recalled to Bridge-
ton -Vcademy as Principal, and in 1870 returned
to Cooperstown as Principal of Cooperstown
Academy and Union School, a position he
held for over twenty years. In 1890 he was
elected Principal of the Worcester High
School, at that time the large;t mixed high
school in New England. He was chosen
Principal of the Girls' High School in 1894.
In 1887 he received the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy from Hamilton College.
For a period of thirty years, during which
time Dr. Wight has been Principal of a
secondary school,* his professional duties
have been essentially e.\ecutive and supervis-
ory. During nearly all this time, however,
some actual class-room instruction has been
given by him daily, his favorite branches being
Latin and mathematics.
Decidedly literary in his tastes, Dr. Wight
has always been a student and passionately
fond of reading, especially of reading books
that are but little read. He has been a more
than ordinarily close student of Shakespeare.
His literary work, while not extensive, has
found acceptance in educational and other
periodicals, and includes papers rea{l before
•The letm "secondary school," in Ihis sketch, is not
used in ihe loeat sense, as it invariably is elsewhere in the
book, but In its broader meaning. It here indicates an
academy or high school.
educational bodies and several lectures on
literary and biographical themes.
Dr. Wight is an active member of various
educational organizations, among them the
Head Masters' Association, crmposed of the
Principals of about sixty secondary schools,
chiefly in the Eastern and Middle States,
whose annual meetings are held successively
in Boston, New York and Philadelphia. In
1882 Dr. Wight was secretary and treasurer
of the Inter- Academic Literary Union of New-
York State, a society representing over
three hundred secondarv schools of that
State, and the succeeding year he was its
president.
He belongs to the Masonic Ore
the Grand Army of the Republi
served for a year in the navy during
War.
The following, relating to Dr. Wi
close of his residence in New Yorl
from ^'Reminiscences of Cooperst
Elihu Phenney, Esq.: "As a schola
poHshed and exact; as an instru
equipped for his high calling l)y e:
acuteness of intellect, by generous
ance with belles-lettres, by a justl
inating taste, by sound literary
and, perhaps chiefly, by a more tha
diligence.''
170
1 8
TIIK Ni;\V YOUK
i'I|{].I<' l.ll'.UARY
U
The Manual Training Schools
A manual training school, the one now
known as the Central Manual Training;
School, was estabHshed in 1885, in a building
at the corner of Seventeenth and Wood
streets. Its organization was the result of
years of agitation on the value of industrial
training as a part of the public school sys-
tem, and it has abundantly fulfilled the high-
est expectations of its founders.
As far back as 1875 the subject of the in-
troduction of manual training was brought
to the attention of the Board of Public Edu-
cation by the then President, M. Hall Stan-
ton, but the first definite action looking to-
ward the establishment of a manual training
school was taken in 1884. In bis annual re-
port, presented at the beginning of that year,
President Steel said: —
"The interest with which the subject of
manual training instruction is regarded by
the members of the Board may be said to be
fully shared by the community, and it cannot
be doubted that the time has come for the
Board to take the initiative step which must
be made by it, and submit to Councils an esti-
mate of the cost for such a school as Phila-
delphia should possess."
After the reading of the report, Isaac A,
Sheppard offered the following resolution,
which was adopted: —
••Resolved. That that part of the Presi-
dent's report which refers to the erection of a
High School building, with adjoining build-
ing-s and equipments for an industrial school,
be referred to the Committee on Property, to
make a general estimate of the cost of such
buildings and equipments, for the purpose of
including the amount in the schedule of esti-
mates to be furnished Councils this year."
At the meeting in April, 1885, on motion
of Richardson L.Wright, a Committee on the
Manual Training School was appointed. This
committee consisted of Isaac A, Sheppard,
James S. Whitney. Andrew M, Spangler,
James Freeborn and Edward Lewis.
LIEUTENANT ROBERT CRAWFORD.
OPENING OF THE SCHOOL.
In September, 1885, the schoolwas opened,
with one hundred and thirty-two pupils.
Lieutenant Robert Crawford, of the United
States Navy, Superintendent of the mechani-
cal department of the Spring Garden Insti-
tute, was chosen director, and William
L. Sayre, Principal of the Vaughan Gram-
mar School, Principal. Their titles were af-
terward changed to principal and vice-princi-
pal, respectively.
LIEUTENANT CRAWFORD'S
OBSERVATIONS.
In 1887, Lieutenant Crawford was ordered
by the Secretary of the Navy into active
duty, and Mr. Sayre was elected Principal.
Much credit for the auspicious beginning
made bytheschool is due to Lieutenant Craw-
ford. The conclusions as to tlie educational
value of manual training reached by him at
the end of the first few monthsof the school's
existence have been shared by nearly all who
have watched its progress, and who nn<ler-
stand its work. The result of his observation
led him to write of the system as follows: —
"First. — That it relieves school life of
much of the tedium incidental to purely men-
tal effort; that the alternation of hand with
head work makes them mutually restful and
beneficial.
"Second. — It gives the pupil a clearer con-
ception of the purposes of education, and of
what really constitutes it.
"Third. — It teaches habits of accuracy, in-
dustry and physical activity: dignifies and
elevates labor, develops the creative and be-
gets a feeling of confidence and independence
based upon the conscious possession of use-
ful, practical knowledge.
The history of the school has been one of
steady progress. At the Paris Exposition it
was awarded a gold medal for having the best
American exhibit of manual training, and at
the request of the French Pedagogic Mu-
seum, the Board of Public Education donated
the exhibit to them.
An exhibition of the work of the pupils, in
June, 1890, inaugurated a custom which has
since been observed annuallv.
NORTHEAST SCHOOL OPENED.
The increasing number of qualified appli-
cants for admission to the Manual Training
School necessitated the establishment of a
second school, and the Xortheast Manual
Training School was opened, in a building on
Howard street below Girard avenue,
tember 17, 1890. It was at first ui
same management and the same prii
the Central School, John W. Meyer
of English literature, being placed h
of the new school, with the title of V
cipal. In 1892 Dr, C. Hanford Heoc
teacher in the Central School, was
Principal of the Northeast School.
COURSE OF STUDY REVIS
In 1893 a joint meeting of the cot
on the two schools was held to con;
revision of the curriculum, and to ft
a post-graduate course, which wou
JOHN W. MOVER.
consistently continue the under-,
work tiian a course suggeste<i the ;
vious. As a result of this conferei
changes were made in the under-:
curriculum. and the post-graduate c<
improved.
The Manual Training Schools we
sented at the annual meeting of the
Training Teachers' Association (an t
tion that was an outcome of the Wo
ucational Congress), which was heli
city July 17-19. 1894, when teacher
Philadelphia Manual Training Scho
papers and took an active part in th
sions that were held.
THE IJEV.' y:jVK
pUBtlCl "••R^
4SrOR. LENOX AND
WJJBH FOUNDATIONS
SCHOOL BUILDINGS LMPROVED.
In 1895 ^^ annex to the Central Manual
Training School, containing four well-lighted
rooms, was completed, and an annex built
in 1886 was remodeled. The same year an
addition was built to the Northeast School,
to take the place of a small south wing.
The curriculum in both schools was added
to in 1895 ^y the introduction of French as
an option with German, and the extension of
both languages to the first year.
MR. WILLARD^S ELECTION.
In 1896 Dr. C. Hanford Henderson re-
signed as Principal of the Northeast School,
his resignation taking effect July ist. A suc-
cessor was chosen in the person of James
Monroe Willard, who at the time of his elec-
tion was Supervising Principal of the Ger-
mantown Combined School, and who entered
upon the duties of his new position in Sep-
tember.
Both schools are now in a most prosperous
condition, although they are hampered by a
lack of proper accommodations. The man-
ual training movement is constantly receiving
fresh impetus from the success of the Phila-
<lelphia schools.
OBJECTS OF THE SCHOOLS.
Lest the scope of the Manual Training
Schools should not be fully understood, it
niaybe stated that they are not trade schools,
although in them the principles that under-
lie all trades and occupations are taught.
They are high schools, in that they afford an
opportunity to students to pursue a High
School course in literature, science and math-
ematics, but there is added to this a most
thorough course in drawing and in the use and
application of tools in the industrial arts.
The object is the training of all the faculties.
COURSE OF STUDY.
The course of study embraces five parallel
lines, as follows: —
First. — A Course in Language and Litera-
ture, including the Structure and Use of Eng-
lish; Composition, Literature, History, Econ-
omics and German or French.
Second. — A Course in Science and Applied
Mathematics, including Geology, Physics,
Chemistry, Physiology, Economic Botany,
Mechanics, Steam Engineering, Applied Elec-
tricity, Mensuration, Book-keeping and Sur-
veying.
Third. — A Course of Pure Mathematics, in-
cluding Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra and
Plane Trigonometry.
Fourth. — A Course in Freehand, Mechan-
ical and Architectural Drawing, Designing
and Clay Modeling.
Fifth. — A Course in Tool Instruction, in-
ichixJiug joinery, pattern-making, wood-turn-
ing, ;wood-carving, forging, soldering, mould-
ing and casting, vise-work (chipping, filing
and fitting), and mechanical construction.
FACULTY OF CENTRAL SCHOOL.
The Faculty of the Central Manual Train-
ing School consists of the following: —
William L. Sayre, A. M., Principal.
Edward S. Zieber, A. M., M. D., Teacher
of Mathematics.
Lino F. Rondinella, B. S., M. E., Teacher
of Constructive Drawing.
Herbert C. Whitaker, Ph. D., Teacher of
Mathematics.
Edward A. Partridge, B. S., Teacher of
Physics.
Gerrit E. H. Weaver, A. M., Teacher of
History and Economics.
Albert Paul Willis, Teacher of Freehand,
Architectural Drawing and Designing.
Robert H. Bradbury, A. M., Ph. D.,
Teacher of Chemistry and Natural History.
James H. Donnelly, A. B., Ph. B., Teacher
of English Language and Literature.
183
Walter Koenig, Ph. D., Teacher of Ger-
man.
M. A. Grillon, Teacher of French.
Louis Sayre, Teacher of Natural Science.
Albert B. Entwistle, Teacher of Joinery,
Turning and Parquetry.
George Astley, Teacher of Moulding,
Smithing and Ornamental Iron Work.
J. Logan Fitts, Teacher of Chipping, Filing
and Fitting.
Vincent A. Clarke, Teacher of Construct-
ive Work (Machine Tools).
John B. Alker, Teacher of Pattern Making,
Turning and Wood-Carving.
John Brackin, Assistant in Laboratories.
FACULTY OF THE NORTHEAST
SCHOOL.
The Faculty of the Northeast Manual
Training School is composed of the follow-
ing:—
J. Monroe Willard, Principal.
John W. Moyer, Teacher of Mathematics.
John L. Stewart, A. B., Ph. B., Teacher of
Literature, Historv and Economics.
Lycurgus L. Ford, A. M., Teacher of
Mathematics.
George D. Firmin, B. S., Teacher of Natu-
ral Historj' and Chemistry.
George F. Stradling, Ph. D., Teacher of
Phvsics.
Lemuel Whitaker, A. M., Teacher of Eng-
lish Language and Literature.
Adolph H. Pfeil, Teacher of Drawing and
Design.
Charles C. Heyl, B. S., Teacher of Con-
structive Drawing.
George Burnham Beaman, A. B., Ph. D.,
Teacher of German.
Hubert J. J. Bertrand, L. D., Teacher of
French.
William H. Odenatt, Teacher of Steam En-
gineering and Mechanical Construction.
William B. Gumphert, Teacher of Pattern-
Making and Wood-Turning.
Frank Roselle, Teacher of Smithing and
Ornamental Iron Work.
Jacob L. Wildemore, Teacher of Joinery,
Parquetry and Wood-Carving.
Thomas Ascough, Teacher of Moulding,
Tinsmithing, Chipping, Filing and Fittmg.
Thomas Moore, Principars Assistant.
184
WILUAM L. SAYRE.
William L. Sayre, Principal of the Central
Manual Training School, was born in By-
berry, now part of the City of Philadel-
phia, in 1840. He was ethicated in the
Philadelphia pnblic schools, being ad-
mitted to the Central High School in
1854.
He commenced teaching in Bucks Connty
in 1857, and in 1863 came to Philadelphia an<l
became a teacher in the Glenwood School,
Thirty-third street and Ridge avenne. He
went from there to the Mantua School, in
1864, and removed to Camden in 1865. He
was elected Principal of the Vaughan Gram-
mar School in 1872.
When the Central Manual Training School
was organized, in 1885, Mr. Sayre was elected
vice- principal. He was professor of drawing
in the Central High School in 1886. and was
elected Principal of the Central Manual Train-
ing School in 1887.
Since that time he has labored indefatigably
to build up the school along the lines of pro-
gressive e<lucational thought. He has en-
deavored to arouse public interest in, and
public sympathy with the manual training
movement, and has been eminently successful
in his efforts to make the Manual Training
School of the highest practical value. The
gradual eidargement of the school and the
strengthening of the manual training move-
ment have characterized his administration.
Mr. Sayre attributes his success to hard
work and a profound belief in the educational
value of manual training.
He is a member of the Penn Club, the His-
torical Society, Educational Club and Univer-
sity Lodge. F. and A. M.
JAMES MONROE WILLARD.
James Monroe W'iilard, Principal of the
Northeast Manual Training School, was born
in Northampton, Bucks Conuty, Pa. He re-
ceived his early education mainly in the
schools of his native county and the Central
High School of Philadelphia. He began his
professional career in Montgomery Connly,
but soon after took charge of the Washington
School in the Twenty-third Section. Two
years later he was appointed Principal of the
Randolph Consolidated School, without the
formality of an application. In less than a
year after that he was unanimously elected
Principal of theForest School. Falls ofSchuyl-
kill. Here an entirely new field presented
itself. The work was congenial and the pros-
pects of abundant success were fully realized,
not only in the scores of pupils whom he sent
to higher schools, but more, even, in the cul-
tivation of a healthful and sympathetic senti-
ment in the school itself, and in the awaken-
ing of a generous spirit of co-operation and
confidence on the part of the public.
When, in 1880, the Principal ship of the
Germantown Boys' Grammar School became
vacant. Mr. Willard was urged to take the
position. He entered upon the work with
great ardor, and under his administration the
school won a distinct position among the
schools of this city. He was the first to give
attention to the system of rewards and
punishments, common in the schools of 6f-
teen years ago. Marking, ranking, dement-
ing and other forms of the vicious system then
in vogue, were abolished in his school, and
he devised a series of reports to parents.
which have since been extensively adopted.
Through his efforts a well equipped pedago-
gical and reference library was added to the
school.
Tn 18S6 the schools of Germantown were
reorganized, and about one thousand boys
were placed under his direction as Supervising
Principal. Thus, again, the field of his labor
was enlarged, and the child of the tender years.
as well as the advanced student, felt the
kindly and healthful influence of his sympa-
thetic nature. He was surrounded by a body
of trained assistants, whose lovalty and devo-
tion to their chief have rarely been equaled
persons associated under similar con-
Villard was twice elected President of
chers' Institute of Philadelphia. He
t of the founders of the Educational
He became its first president and at
nual meeting since he has been unani-
re-elected to the position.
On June 20, 1896, the Committee on the
Northeast Manual Training School unani-
mously recommended to the Board of Public
Education his election to the Principalship of
that institution. This action of the commit-
tee was confirmed by the Board and Mr. Wil-
lard was formerly installed in this position on
September 8th, following.
187
special Schools
THB WBVf YORK
PUBLIC LIBRABY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
James Forten Elementary Manual
Training School
A unique place in the system of j>ublic edu-
cation in Philadelphia is filled by the James
Forten Elemental^' Manual Training School,
located on Sixth Street above Lombard. The
building was formerly used as a secondary
and primary school for colored children, and
owin^ to a great decrease in attendance was
closed in February, 1891, only to be opened
the following September for its present pur-
pose.
The idea of the formation of an elementary
manual training school in this locality origi-
nated with Miss Anna Hallowell, member of
the Board of Public Education from the Sev-
enth Section, who believed that if in a school
so situated attractive features of educational
value were to be introduced, there would he
a large attendance. Accordingly, Miss Hal-
lowell was appointed chairman of a special
committee to organize the school.
The building was thoroughly renovated
and remodeled, and a corps of experienced
teachers were engaged. Miss Hannah A.
Fox, who was at that time Principal of the
school at the House of Refuge, assumed the
principalship. All the teachers were trained
kindergartners.
The school opened with fifty children, just
about one-tenth of the number now enrolle<l.
At first the attendance was Umited to col-
ored children, but before the end of the first
year white children were enrolled, and now
only about twenty-five per cent, of the pupils
are colored. The others are mostly children
of foreign parentage. The pupils are of both
sexes.
The school follows closely the course of in-
struction laid down for the elementary
schools. It has all the grades of a secondary
and primary school and four kindergartens.
The manual training features are pursued in
addition to the regular elementary studies.
The boy passes from kindergarten work to
the class in Sloyd. which is a Swedish system
of carpentering. This work is under the di-
rection of Frederick P. Porter, who is a grad-
uate of the Central Manual Training School,
and a most successful teacher. So attractive
is the Sloyd work that boys have voluntarily
remained at the school as late as six o'clock
in the evening, and have then begged to be
allowed to return after the evening meal.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SLOYD
SYSTEM.
Mr. Porter has been quoted in "Woman's
Progress" as follows: —
"All the exercises result in a linished and
useful article. It has been claimed that the
making of useful articles is a defect in the
Slovd system, and that more attention is
paid to the selecting of an object of use than
to the grading of the exercises. This is not
so. The exercises are ahvavs considered be-
fore the models. The true teacher of Sloyd
first decides upon the exercises he wishes t(^
incorporate in a model and then searches for
an object to fit them.
"Principles, unless applied in a practical
way, are frequently forgotten almost as soon
as learned, but if they interest the pupil and
impress themselves upon his mind in an at-
tractive manner, the remembrance of them is
clearer. The child of thirteen or fourteen
years of age sees Httle value in abstract exer-
cises, and is very apt to execute them in a
careless and indifferent manner, merely for
the sake of finishing his task. He wishes to
make something, something that will be of
use when finished. In order that the models
mav be attractive to the child, it is necessarv
that they should be objects with which he is
familiar, or with whose use he is acquainted."
SEWING, COOKING AXD SIXGIXC;
LESSONS.
The girls are taught sewing, as are also the
boys in the lower grades. Both girls and
boys are instructed in cooking, although
it is not compulsory with the latter. A
teacher of singing is present one hour each
day, and conducts the vocal exercises.
No effort is spared to make the school at-
tractive to the children. A part of the base-
ment is fitted up as a gymnasium. There is
also a lunch room, where lunches are fur-
nished at the nominal cost of one or two
cents by the women connected with
lege Settlement, a neighboring ente
a charitable nature.
ITS EDUCATIONAL VALI
If the James Fort en School was o
as a charitable institution it wou
dantlv fulfill its mission, but it is no
ducted, and in looking at the splen
accomplished l)y it as a mission am<
children, its great educational value
be overlooked or imderrated. It fill
distinctively its own in the public ed
system. It is reaching and educatir
of children that could be attracted
l)y no other school. It is taking the
of immigrants, many of them from
and depraved homes, and is not on!
them the elements of a popular e<
but is training them to use their
good purpose. It is, moreover, ins
their young minds valuable lessons
try and patriotism, and is teaching tl
its of neatness, accuracy, truth and 1
Its educational value is no long
tioned, as was the case when it was
ganized, and bore the name of "Mi:
weirs experiment." It is no longer i;
perimental stage. It has demonst
usefulness. It needs no apolog)\ In<
time will come, and before very lonj
the opinion of educators, when th
ment thus unostentatiously started
delphia will spread all over the coui
will work a reform of almost int
value.
The building up of the James
School has been no easv task. It
accomplished only by faithful and p
effort, in the face of indifference 2
ridicule. To Miss Anna Hallowell bel
credit for its successful and permane:
lishment. As chairman of the Board •
Education's Committee on the Jar
ten School, she is to-day energetical
ing in the interests of the school w
was instrumental in organizing and
^94
r
THE K£'A' Y01--K
POBUCL* RARY
AMOK, UNOX AMD
lUASM rOOMOATIOMS
Jl U
to its present condition of usefulness. To
Miss Hannah A. Fox, the Principal, much
n'edit is also due.
TEACHERS OF THE FORTEN
SCHOOL.
Following is a list of the teachers of the
fames Fort en School: —
Hannah A. Fox, Principal.
Agnes M. Fox, First Assistant.
Belle Elder, .\ssistant.
May A. Weidley, Assistant.
^lartha B. Donaghy, Assistant.
Francis I. Dalpe, Assistant.
M. Bertha Braley, Assistant.
Mary B. Weild, Assistant.
Margaret Heritage. Assistant.
Margaret Hertfelder, Assistant.
Florence L. Ingle, Assistant.
Frederick P. Porter, Teacher of Slovd.
Sarah M. Wilson, Teacher of Cookery.
Daniel Batchellor, Teacher of Music.
Mary E. Keech, Teacher of Sewing.
M. Inez Cassey, Kindergarten.
Florence IT. Couzzins, Assistant, Kinder-
j^arten.
Grace Yardley, Assistant. Kindergarten.
Margaret Hulett, Kindergarten.
» -'
•H.
197
THE WEVJ YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
School of Industrial Art
For some years prior to the establishment
of the Public School of Industrial Art, the
subject of the introduction of industrial train-
ing in the public schools was considered, and
a Committee on Industrial Art Education
was one of the standing committees of the
Board of Public Education. Nothing definite
was accomplished, however, until 1880, when
Charles G. Leland, a well-known , public-
spirited citizen, placed before this committee-:
a system of manual training which he had;,
been instrumental in successfully introducing
into schools in England.
There was no appropriation for the estah-
lishment of a school such as was contemplated
by Mr. Leland, and the only assistance which
the Board could render him was to give him
the use of a public school building for the
purpose of demonstrating the feasibility and
practicability of simultaneously training the
mind and hand of the child. Accordingly, a
part of the Hollingsw^orth School building.
Fifteenth and Locust streets, was devoted to
this purpose.
SUCCESS THE FIRST YEAR.
The school w-as opened with 120 chil-
dren, who came for two hours twice
each week to receive instruction, having,
first gained the necessary permission from the
Principals of the schools wdiich they attended.
The results of the first year were highly satis-
factory, and the following year the Board of
Public Education assumed control of the
school, appointing regular teachers and plac-
ing" the school on a permanent basis .
STEADY PROGRESS.
Each year since then has seen a steady and
highly gratifying progress along lines similar
to those mapped out w-hen the school was
started. The growth in the number of pupils
has been very marked. According to the last
annual report, that for the year 1895, ^'"^^
number of grammar school pupils in attend-
ance was 936 and the number of teachers re-
Ceivijig instruction was 171.
■ *-lt'is authoritativelv claimed that the estab-
lishment of the Public School of Industrial
Art- was the first practical and successful at-
ieniJpt made in Philadelphia or elsewhere to
incorporate manual training as an integral
branch of common school education. Other
cities established manual schools, with fixed
prices for instruction, before Philadelphia
took up the matter at all, but the first system
of free industrial training, successfully planned
and carried out, is to be credited to this city.
SYSTEM OF INSTRUCTION.
As stated bv the Director of the school.
"The fact that we tried seventeen different
methods of hand-work proved the earnest-
ness with which we struggled w^ith the prob-
lem of hand-training in the public schools.
The mechanical methods had to go, one after
the other, after trial in various directions.
Only after striving and struggling up above
the use of instruments of precision, rules,
compasses, mechanical methods, etc., could
we recognize their futility in developing
the mind, judgment, the eye and the hand.
Only by trying and testing the old methods
201
and thus proving their fallacy did we emerge
into the light of better ways. Flat copies,
feeble art methods, abuse of geometric forms
and blocks, false, artificial and unnatural svs-
tems devised for money-making purposes,
were tried and proved wanting. A number
of trade processes were tested with similar
results, until we actuallv, and bv experience,
came down to fundamental facts, and on these
have built up a system, reasonable, feasible,
without great cost, perfectly adapted to all
grades, from the Kindergarten to the Univer-
sity: a system that can be applied without
friction to everv kind of educational institute,
only limited to the capacity of the individual;
a system governed by natural law, working
with the absolute precision of nature itself: a
system that unfolds the capacities of the
children as unfolds the leaves of flowers: a
system that teaches the pupils that they are
in the plan and part of life, and enables them
to work out their own salvation on the true
lines of design and work as illustrated in every
natural thing/'
"What is manual training?'' To some it
means an exercise for muscles, like gymnas-
tics, and to others a process of making boys
merelv handv; others think it a wav of teach-
ing trades to children, and nearly all confound
it with mechanical training and suppose a
drill is necessary in sawing and planing, chip-
ping, filing, wood-turning, plumbing, etc.,
very few dissociating it from the use of ma-
chinery and from slow, tedious, trade proc-
esses, or dream that it has anything to do
with women and girls.
Manual training for the education of indi-
viduals cannot be obtained by mechanical pur-
suits similar to carpentry, plumbing, chipping,
filing, etc. ^lanual training is not a matter of
sim])ly doing different things: it is the intel-
ligent selection of modes from the many
operations and pursuits most suited to pro-
duce the effect desired. Swinging duml)-l)clls
or pushing a plane or saw ])roduces muscles,
but it does not retpiire the constant use of the
intellect: the thinking powers are not
increased in ratio. There are many (
then, more fit for our purpose. V
select for manual training purposes, ^
methods that in addition to giving
activity, will exercise the peripheral
tools of the sense.
It includes all processes that train
cles and the mind to work in harn
some of its applications it gives skil
ing boardsand shaping iron; but just
mately does it make the hand cu
dissect a nerve, to engrave an et
to finger a violin. And as no schoo
ual training is obliged to teach anal
graving and music, so no school of
nnist necessarily teach joinery or
and filing. What it must teach is t!
esses that will make the pupil mus<
ready to begin any kind of work w
grown as arithmetic and geography i
mentallv readv. Those who believe
processes are inseparable from the u;
and hammers have not looked all ai
subject. At the Industrial Art Scl
would find a dexterity taught, no
directlv toward this or that trade, b
Iving success in any of the two hur
forty trades.
AIM OF THE SCHOOL
The aim of the school is the devek
the perceptive and creative faculti
whole individual, and the trainin
muscles into facile dexterity; accustc
pupil to the evolution of original
form, and giving the power to exec
ideas in anv material.
*Tn all this training the individua
of the child is called into play. Th*
artificial aids to the result. Xo marl
struction lines, no rulers, no caliper
ployed; only the mind, the eye and t
THE PUPILS.
Two pupils from every division c
mentarv schools arc given instruct:
302
THE HEW YORK
PUBLIC LTP-RART
AMOR, LENOX AMD
il Art School, they being excused one
n of each week from their own
The hours of instruction are from
.30.
•en the hours of five and six each day,
: children are dismissed, public school
take their places as pupils. The
for teachers are elective. They are
I voluntarily, and the classes are
:rowded.
A SPLENDID TRIBUTE.
iportance of this school in the estima-
ducators outside of Philadelphia may
d from the following extracts from an
)y W. N. Hailman, Superintendent of
chools, Washington, D. C. : —
ng the Exposition at Chicago, one of
f delights was the discovery of this
* * * I had passed from school to
evervwhere I had found the'StercO-
)nventionalism, everywhere the -same
ling endeavor to subject art which is
: and freest life to arbitrarv formal-
rywhere the pupil's gaze turned to so-
les and legitimacies, instead of search-
the laws that live in his own soul,
ere the same ruthless efforts to tie the
land with arbitrary mannerisms, in-
[ liberating conditions that might
is ideas and ideals to live themselves
)on some recording surface or into
Stic material. From booth to booth
3ne and had seen the walls plastered
h weak imitations of the thoughts or
dits of some svstem-maker until mv
\\ sick with the musty odors of dark-
decay, when at last the display of the
this school burst upon my weariness,
me to me as a reproach and prophecy,
ch for my despondency, a prophecy
eureka. Here there was not a stroke
that (lid not embody a complete
clearlv elaborated in the learner's
Every achievement rested upon the
personal experience and seemed
consciously related to some spontaneous pur-
pose that had had its birth and growth in the
pupil's heart. In the light of their handiwork
the students had explored the contents of
their own minds, judging at every step the
value of their work by criteria grown on the
soil of their own experience and lifted into
consciousness by their own efforts. At every
step I saw them intently and yet without
strain gaining at the same time clearer com-
prehension of the object of their work and
greater confidence in their powers of accurate,
lucid self-expression. And this seemed to be
managed so adroitly by the school, and with
such clear-visioned consistency and unfailing
respect for the learner's thought, that weari-
ness of spirit and the rebellious desire to be let
alone, so common in the traditional school,
could not enter here.
"In the ordinarv school, which labors to
force all minds into the same arbitrary molds
•'of trslHitional mediocrity, the teacher is for-
evef dictating, directing, holding up effete
patterns and obsolete ideals that have no vital
meaning in the life of the child, forever re-
inforcing his efforts with books and charts,
systems and formulas, recipes and dogmas,
never affording the learner an opportunity to
become acquainted with himself and to gain
the conviction that there is within him a
life teeming with possibilities far beyond the
reminiscence of past and the incongruities of
foreign attainments.
"In this school as I saw it at the Exposition
this was not the case. Here the pupil seemed
to lead. He fairly felt himself growing. New-
revelations of his power came to him at every
turn. He lived himself into confidence in his
own power to think and to express thought.
Whereas theordinarv traditional school is ever
busy in dryest exercises to establish detached
automatisms as to how to do this and how to
do that, directing the child's chief attention to
the mechanism of himself, the automatisms
of the required work were here so closely tied
up with the pupil's thought and purpose that
they took care of themselves, growing w^th
205
the growth of thought and purpose, leaving
the child free to devote himself wholly to
these most important things.
''Elsewhere, I had seen the child weighted
down with cubes and balls, with cylinders and
cones, with lines straight and curved, parallel
and diverging, loading himself with weari-
some definitions of these thingfs or investing
them with an unhealthy mysticism in ac-
cordance with a sadly perverted reading of
Froebel's thought; here I found practical
comprehension and free control of these
things, attained without weariness and sup-
pressed sorrow, a loving application of
Froebel's living thought; cubes and cylinders,
squares and circles becoming familiar friends
through the service they gave in the expres-
sion of thought and in the achievement of
purpose. Here I saw the so-called principles
of parallelism and perpendicularity, of radia-
tion and balance, of circle and involute, of per-
spective and shadow, discovered by the chil-
dren in the needs of their own souls, clearly
put forth and thoughtfully applied in spon-
taneous work, shining in the lucidity of
an art rooted deeply in the child's own con-
tinuously growing experience, vitally con-
nected with his every interest and line of study,
fed by every other subject of instruction and
establishing in the child's organic self the in-
come of all these subjects; an art which is
capable of enhancing the utilities of life by
clothing them in beauty, capable of rendering
the materialities of life lucid with their recog-
nized latent spiritualities, capable of weaving^
into the now and here the life-ideals that come
to us from the past or are brought to us from
afar, not in servile imitation, but in free as-
similation and development. Here I saw the
promise of a new descriptive art, stimulating
observation and discovery, inviting to the
study of the inner reasons of outer form, re-
vealing the deeper laws and conditions of our
environment. Here I saw the proff
new creative art, shall I say of a truly
and specifically American art, in full
ance with the subjective needs and asj
of this new nation, free from Egypi
Persian petrifactions, from Japanese
ties, from French frivolities and pes
free from all that is extraneous and e
art which is not meant to tickle the
dissolute, but to sustain the earnesi
does not revel in the bizarre, but st
reveal the unity of the true and the b
of joy and vigor; an art which does i
man into the bogs of self-indulgence,
him to the heights of self-assertion in
vice of holiest ideals.
'"I congratulate this beautiful citj
proud distinction of being the home
a school. I congratulate the nation i
fact — significant in its coincidence —
City of Brotherly Love, from which
claimed our national independence,
generously preparing to secure for u
independence in the realms of art."
FACULTY OF THE SCHO(
The faculty of the Public School c
trial Art is constituted as follows: —
J. Liberty Tadd, Director.
Herman Uhle, Instructor in Woe
ing.
Bernard L'hle, Instructor in Wood
Frank R. Whiteside, Instructor in .
and Designing.
Katharine Ringwalt, Instructor ii
ing and Designing.
Helen Dunlap, Instructor in Clay
ing.
Effie F. Braddock, Instructor
Modeling.
Caroline \'an Gilder, Instructor i
ing and Designing.
Carvl S. Parrot t. Clerk.
206
J, LIBERTY JADD.
the unswerving devotion to his work
has characterized the director of the
1, J. Liberty Tadd, is due in no small
ire the success of tlie Public Industrial
•chool. His every effort is in the hne of
)vement. His work is to him as sacred
ny mission undertaken by religious
:ee.
. Tadd is of English parentage and was
May 7, 1854. His early education was
ned in private and endowed schools in
ind and Canada. As soon as the Acad-
of the Fine Arts in this city was com-
j.Mr. Tadd came to Philadelphia, and in
commenced his studies here, continuing
or four years. He made a number
Hps abroad in order to become ac-
ited with the work of foreign insti-
lls, and has visited schools in Eng-
Germany, France and other European
tries.
Mr. Tadd is director of manual training in
the Roman Catholic High School. He also
conducts night classes for St. James' Guild
and other organizations. He is a member of
the Educational Club, Academy of Natural
Sciences, Vital Art Association, National
Educational Association, Philadelphia Sketch
Chib and artist member of the Philadelphia
Art Club.
He was one of the vice-presidents of the
Department of Manual Training and Indus-
trial Art of the Congresses at the World's
Fair. He also received an award and medal
for "excellence of unique method of teaching
drawing and work in wood and clay;" also an
award and medal for exhibit of work, from
Roman Catholic High School.
Mr. Tadd worked in conjunction with Mr.
Leland in organizing the Public School of In-
dustrial Art and has been the head of the
school since 1884.
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The Elementary Schools
The Elementary Schools
Under the rulesof the Board of Public Edu-
cation the elementary pubHc schools in the
First School District of Pennsylvania, or all
public schools except the higher and other
schools under the immediate and sole charge
of the Board of Public Education, are classi-
fied under fourteen different heads, being des-
igfnated as follows: —
I. A boys' grammar school. Such a school
has as its pupils boys only who are pursuing
the studies of the ninth, tenth, eleventh and
twelfth grades.
II. A girls' grammar school. Such a school
has as its pupils girls only, who are pursuing
the studies of the ninth, tenth, eleventh and
t\srelfth grades.
III. A mixed grammar school. Such a
school has as its pupils both boys and g^rls,
who are pursuing the studies of the ninth,
tenth, eleventh and twelfth grades. But in
no case are grammar divisions organized as
mixed divisions where there are sufficient
boys and girls of the same grades to form
separate divisions.
IV. A consolidated school. Such a school
has as its pupils both boys and girls, who are
pursuing the studies of any or all of the
grades.
V. A boys' secondary school. Such a
school has as its pupils boys only, who are
pursuing the studies of thefifth, sixth, seventh
and eighth grades.
VI. A girls' secondary school. Such a
school has as its pupils girls only, who are
pursuing the studies of the fifth, sixth, sev-
enth and eighth grades.
VII. A boys' and girls' secondary school.
Such a school has as its pupils both boys and
girls who are pursuing the studies of the fifth^
sixth, seventh and eighth grades.
VIII. A secondary school of higher grade.
Such a school has as its pupils boys or girls
only, or both boys and girls, who are pursu-
ing the studies of the fifth, sixth, seventh and
eighth grades, and any or all of the four next
higher grades.
IX. A boys' primary school. Such a school
has as its pupils boys only who are pursuing
the studies of the first, second, third and
fourth grades.
X. A girls' primary school. Such a school
has as its pupils girls only who are pursuing
the studies of the first, second, third and
fourth grades.
XI. A boys' and girls' primary school.
Such a school has as its pupils both boys and
girls who are pursuing the studies of the first,
second, third and fourth grades.
XII. A primary school of higher grade.
Such a school has as its pupils boys or girls
only, or both boys and girls, who are pursu-
ing the studies of the first, second, third and
fourth grades, and any or all of the higher
grades.
XIII. A secondary and primary school.
Such a school has as its pupils boys or girls
only, or both boys and girls, who are pursu-
ing the studies of the first eight grades in the
graded course of study.
XIV. A combined school. Such a school
is a combination, under the charge of a Super-
vising Principal, of any two or more of the
schools above named, excepting consolidated
schools.
According to the statistics of 1895, there
were thirty-five grammar schools, thirty-five
ai7
combined grammar, secondary and i)rimary
schools, three combined grammar and sec-
ondar}' schools, four combined grammar and
primary schools, thirty-four consolidated
schools, fortv-two secondary schools, sixtv-
seven combined secondary and ])rimary
schools, eighty-seven primary schools, and
one hundred and five kindergartens, making
a total of four hundred and twelve elem<
schools. This number, added to the ni
of high schools (5), special schools* (3
cooking schools (5), make the grand t(
four hundred and twenty-five public s
in the District.
♦Under this head maybe considered the Jamei
Elementary Manual Training School, School of Ii
Art, and School of Observation and Practice.
218
( THl
PDBI
THE NEW YOI.K
PDBLIC L' ^RARY
ASTOH, LEI^OX AND
TILOEM FOUNDATIONS
Schools of the First Section
The boundaries of the First Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
First Section of the First School District of
Pennsylvania, are Wharton street, along the
River Delaware to the Back Channel, to
Broad street, to Passyunk avenue, to Whar-
ton street.
The schools of the First Section are as
follows: John H. Taggart Combined Gram-
mar, Secondary and Primary School, Fifth
and Porter streets, H. L. Noble, Supervising
Principal; Charles S. Close Combined Gram-
mar and Primary School, Seventh and Dick-
inson streets, Edward Neville, Supervis-
ing Principal; John P. Baugh Grammar
School, Dickinson street above Sixth,
Matilda Hand, Supervising Principal; Wil-
liam Welsh Combined Grammar, Secondary
and Primary School, Thirteenth and Jackson
streets, Mary E.Elsea, Supervising Principal:
Weccacoe Combined Secondary School,
Second and Reed streets, Margaret J.
Neville, Supervising Principal; Francis Read
Combined Secondary and Primary School,
Eleventh and Moore streets, Anna M. Lash,
Supervising Principal ; Calhoun Combined
Secondar>' and Primary School, Tenth street
and Snyder avenue, Lydia McStocker, Super-
vising Principal; L. H. Smith Combined
Secondary and Primary School, Fifth street
and Snyder avenue, Mary G. Brown, Super-
vising Principal; Tasker Combined Second-
are and Primarv School, Ninth and Tasker
streets, Mary J. Colwell, Supervising Princi-
pal; David Foy Combined Secondary and
IVimary School, Eighth and Wolf streets,
Xellie C. Graham, Supervising Principal; Mor-
ris Combined Primary School, Morris street
below Second, Lydia D. Myers, Supervising
Principal; Henry Clay Primary School,
Lancaster street above Reed, Mary G.
Edmunds, Principal; Henrj' Clay Kinder-
garten^ iLancaster street above Reed, M.
Elizabetli Clifton, teacher.
At the time of the consolidation of
the various districts and boroughs in the
County of Philadelphia, in 1854, the ter-
ritory now comprising the First Section
contained but three schools, the Weccacoe,
White Hall and Buck Lane. The two latter
have since been replaced by newer schools.
The Tasker and the Morris Schools were
built about 1868, and were named in honor
of two very prominent residents of the First
Ward. The David Foy and Charles S. Close
Schools were named in honor of former mem-
bers of the board of directors of the First
Section.
The newest and largest school in the Sec-
tion is the John H. Taggart, which is located
in a handsome building opened early in 1896.
It is splendidly equipped and is considered
one of the finest school buildings in the city.
The schools of the First Section are in a
crowded condition and efforts are being made
to obtain a new building for the Section at
Thirteenth and Porter streets.
Before the appointment of the present
member of the Board of Public Education
from this Section, Philip S. Hortz, the
221
1
Section was represented in tlie Board by A. S.
Jenks, who died in 1895, after servinfj as a
member for twenty-eight years.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The president of the hoard of <lirectors of
the First Section in 1896 was Thomas F.
Cornehns Alexander, Jr., was born in Phila-
delphia, March 22, 1857; elected a director in
1896.
Otto Arthur Bihn was born in Philadel-
phia, August 1, 1865; elected a director in
1894.
Charles E. Davis was born in Philadelphia,
January 30, 1836; elected a director in 1882.
THOMAS F. riULINt;.
JOHN H. PETERSON.
Diiling: l>orn in Philadelphia, January 3 1 .
1847: elected a director in 1884; chosen presi-
dent in 1895.
The secretary of the board was John H.
Peterson : horn in Philadelphia, September
27. 1838: elected a director in 1880; chosen
secretary in 1880,
John Neill Fort was born in Philadelphia.
April 2^, 1844; elected a director in 1896; is
editorially connected with "The Item,"
Other members of the board were John
Allen, John M. Gleeson, William S.
Molineaux. Conrad Muhly. William P.
Xaglee and Andrew J. Toland.
.WILLIAM WELSH COMBINED GRAMMAR, SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
Swithtut corner ThiitetDlh and Jackum Sineli.
Finl SccUon.
THE NEW YORK *
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILD£N FOUNDATIOHS
A^T^M:. lknox and
TILIibS I'OtNLiATlUNS
B I,
Schools of the Second Section
The boundaries of the Second Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Second Section of the First School District
of Pennsylvania, are the Delaware River,
Broad street, Wharton street to Passvunk
avenue, to Ellsworth, to Broad, to Christian.
The schools of the Second Section are as
follows: George W. Nebinger Combined
Grammar and Primary, Carpenter street
above Sixth, William L. Welsh, Supervising
Principal; Washington Combined Secondary
and Primary, Carpenter street above Ninth,
Beulah H. Fenimore, Supervising Principal;
Wharton Combined Secondary and Primary,
Fifth street below Washington avenue, Jen-
nie L. Russell, Supervising Principal; John
Stockdale Secondary and Primary, Thir-
t^eenth and South Marshall streets, Josephine
Ritchie, Principal; Watson Primary School,
^ar)' street below Second, Lidie Minton,
Principal; Kindergarten No. i, 924 South
^^inth street, Julia M. Gregg, Principal; Kin-
<lergarten No. 2, Mary street below Second,
Ai-ina S. Hunterson, Principal; Kindergarten
No, 3, Thirteenth street and South Marshall,
Martha Swartz, teacher.
The Watson School, familiarly known as
the Mary Street School, is the oldest school
^^ the Section. It was erected about the
middle of the present century, and w^as named
^^ honor of Samuel F. Watson, who was
^niong the first public school masters in Phil-
adelphia. Previous to the establishment of
|Ws school there had been a primary for girls
^^ the upper stories of the Southwark Engine
"ouse, of the old Volunteer Fire Depart-
ment, Third street north of Washington ave-
nue. Miss Anna Wilson was its Principal.
This school was moved to the Watson build-
ing. Shortly after a school for boys was or-
ganized in the same building, Mary Johnson
being the first Principal.
About twelve years ago the boys' and girls'
schools were consolidated, and Miss Louisa
J. Lindsay was elected Principal. She was
succeeded, in 1894, by the present Principal,
Miss Lidie Minton.
The Wharton School was in former
years called the Washington School. On
the site of the present Wharton School
the summer residence of the old Whar-
ton family was at one time located.
Between the time of the destruction of
this house and the erection of the present
Wharton School, the site was occupied by a
building used first for an orphan asylum, later
as a carriage factory, and then as a school.
From this building the school obtained the
title of 'The Old Coach Factory School," a
name which is sometimes applied even to the
present building by the older residents of the
section, although it has been about thirty-
five years since the factory building gave
place to a regular school edifice.
Prior to the erection of the Wharton
School building, and during its earlier his-
tory, there were a number of small schools lo-
cated in the eastern end of the Section, most
of which were afterward removed to this
building.
In 1890 the Wharton School was com-
bined, and Miss Jennie L. Russell became
Principal.
A grammar school, which was afterward
called the George W. Nebinger School, in
honor of an esteemed and influential control-
227
ler, was established in 1864, in tlie Wharton
School building. This was not the first gram-
mar school in the Section, although there was
none other at the time of its organization.
Away back in the '30's there was a school
equivalent to a grammar school, although
not so called, in this locality. The Principal
was A. Thomas Smith,
Some of the classes of what was afterward
the Nebinger School were located in other
buildings during the early history of the
school, the accommodations being exceed-
ingly poor. The present building was erected
in 1868. The first Principal was Samuel Me-
cutchen, who was afterward a professor in
the Central High School.
The erection of this building relieved
crowded schools in the Section, and the pu-
pils of a school located on Newton street, a
small thoroughfare west of Fourth street,
above Washington avenue, were transferred
to the Wharton building, as were also those
of the secondary department of a school lo-
cated on Sixth street north of Carpenter. The
primary department of the latter school was
transferred to a rented building on Fifth
street below Washington avenue, which has
since been known as the Robert Raikes
School, this being the name of the old build-
ing on Sixth street. The classes in the rented
building are under the same supervision as
the Wharton School, and are not organized
as a separate school.
The Nebinger School was combined in
1893 under the present Supervising Princi-
pal, William L. Welsh.
The Washington School building was
erected in 1870, and the school was formed by
the transfer of several small schools to the
new building, among the number being the
Robinson School, located in the basement of
a Methodist Church, near Fleventh street
and Washington avenue, and a school in a
private house in the same locality.
There were four separate schools in the
Washington building, two secondaries and
two primaries, until 1891, when it was
combined under the present Supervising !
cipal. Miss Beulah H. Fenimore.
The John Stockdale School building
erected in 1S85, and was named in honoi
schoolmaster who had formerly ta
Dr. Andrew Nebinger, then Cont
of the Section. The school which
placed in this building had previ
been known as the Western Secoi
and Primarj' School, and had beei
cated successively on Temple street, a
thoroughfare south of Carpenter streei
tween Twelfth and Thirteenth, and in ;
vate house at 1007 South Twelfth stree
MRS. JOSKPHINE RI1CHIE.
was generally known as the Temple i
School. At that time Mrs. Josephine R
was Principal of the Secondary Schoo
when the secondary and primary grade;
consolidated in 1895, she was elected
cipal.
For many years Dr. George W. N'eb
above referre<l to, was Controller of thi
tion. At his death his brother. Dr. A;
Nei>inger, succeeded him, and lie, in
was succeeded by Dr. Robert Nebinge
other brother. Dr. A. W. Duval next
sented the Section, and was succeeded 1
present member of the Board of Public
D SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
Tire T"'
« i"V
cation from the Second Section, Avery D.
Harrington.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS,
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Second Section in 1896 was Dr. Joseph
L, Mann, born in Philadelphia, February 17,
1858; elected a Director in 1887; has served
as President for the last four years.
The Secretary of the Board in 1896 was
George \. Lowery; born in Philadelphia in
Thomas F. McMahon was born in County
Clare, Ireland, October 30, 1847; elected a
Director in 1886.
Alonzo North was born in Philadelphia
August 29, 1843; elected a Director in 1891,
and again in 1895.
Robert Kern was born in Philadelphia Feb-
ruary 3, 1856; elected a Director in 1895.
John Augustus Reade was born in Cecil
County, Md., May 28, 1846; elected a Di-
rector in 1894.
DR. JOSEPH L.
1857; elected a Director in 1887: chosen
Secretary in 1888; was for three years an at-
tache of the City Controller's office.
George B. Bhzzard was born in Chester,
Pa. ; elected a Director in the Second Section
in 1893.
John Irving Dillon was born in Wilkcs-
Barre, Pa., October 25, 1870; elected a
Director in 1895; is editorially connected with
*^The Call."
GEORGE N. LOWERY.
(iustavus A. Ricketts was born in Philadel-
phia January 20, 1854; elected a Director in
1890 and again in 1894; was printer in Phila-
delphia Post Office during Harrison's ad-
ministration.
John W. Schaal was born in Philadelphia
in 1856; elected a Director in 1894.
Other members of the Board were David
Phillips and William Welsh.
THE NEW TORE
PUBLIC LIBRARY
Aig*ttK. L£NOX AND
nUSM r«UM>ATA«U
1 L
Ill
|i
U
TH^ NEW YORK
pUBLtCl R^^^
AND
^S'^--«r
Schools of the Third Section
The boundaries of the Third Ward of the
y of Philadelphia, which comprises the
ird Section of the First School District of
insylvania, are Broad street to Fitzwater,
Passyunk avenue, to German, to Second,
Mead, to Swanson, to Catharine, to the
laware River, to Christian, to Broad.
The schools of the Third Section are as fol-
-s: Mt. Vernon Grammar School (for boys),
tharine street above Third, Geoffrey Buck-
Iter, Supervising Principal; .G;*ammar
liool for Girls and Primary Schools, same
ilding; Florence Combined Secondary and
iniarv School, Catharine street below
g-htli, Kate H. Bunting, Supervising Princi-
l; Fletcher Combined Secondary and Pri-
ary School, Christian street above Front,
izabeth A. McGuire, Supervising Principal;
vons Combined Secondarv and Primarv
hool, Catharine street above Tenth, and
liristian street below Sixth, Marv G. Des-
ond, Supervising Principal; Beck School,
atharine street above Sixth, Helen B. Beg-
:y. Principal; Kindergarten No. i, Catharine
treet above Sixth, Virginia B. Jacobs,
eacher; Kindergarten No. 2, Catharine street
ibove Tenth, Anna M. Duncan, teacher.
In conformity with the provisions of the
Act of 1818, four schools were established
^"at year in the Third Section, wdiich included
^he Districts of Southwark and Moyamen-
s^ng. Two of these schools met in Paul Beck's
school-house and two in Commissioners'
"all, Second street below Queen. In 1821,
^^ last named schools were moved to Catha-
'ine above Third, and were designated the
Catharine Street School, the name, Mount
Vernon, not being given until 1848. The first
Principal was Samuel F. Watson, in the boys'"
and Mary Nagle, in the girls' school. The
teaching was in accordance w^ith the Lancas-
terian svstem.
In 1828 a change was made by the Board of
School Controllers, and the District of South-
Mvark 'alone became the Third Section, while
the District of Moyamensing was called the
Ninth Section. Joseph Patrick, $till living,
relates that in 1832, during the cholera epi-
demic the pupils of the Catharine Street
School were notified oy the Principal that the
city authorities had taken possession of the
building for a cholera hospital and that there
would be no school until the disease had
abated.
This occurred early in June, and it was not
until late in the year that the pupils returned
to school.
The Beck School on Catharine street above
Sixth, used originally for free school purposes,
was secured by the public school authorities
in 1895, ^^^d is occupied entirely by primary
grades and a kindergarten. Mrs. Helen B.
Begley, one of the leading teachers in the city,,
was unanimously elected the first Principal
and already has made it a model school.
The schoolsof the Third Section have always
held a foremost place in the City of Philadel-
])hia, and to the Third Section is due the
credit of recognizing the worth of women as
teachers of bovs. In 1868 the Board of Di-
rectors elected Mrs. M. A. McManus Prin-
cipal of the Boys' Grammar School, she hav-
ing held a corresponding position in the girls'"
school for five vears. When her confirmation
235
'.vas asked for from the Board of Public Edu-
cation, that body refused to grant it because
it was an "innovation." The local Board ap-
pealed to the courts for a mandamus, which
was issued, and the confirmation was
secured. Mrs. McManus occupied this posi-
tion until December 31, 1895, when she re-
tired.
During her term of service in the
Mt. Vernon School Mrs. McManus was
recognized by school authorities and
parents as one of the best teachers
in Philadelphia. Of a kindly, genial
disposition, ever ready to personally help the
To the last named belongs the ere*
having the various schools of the Third
tion placed under the control of Supen
Principals. The first to be so organizei
the James W. Fletcher, in 1892, followe
next year by the Thomas B. Florence
1895, two school buildings, the Lyon;
Springer, were placed under one Principa
finally, at the beginning of 1896, the
Vernon Schools were united under the
ent Principal, Geoffrey Buckwalter,
backward pupil and to encourage the bright
one, she gained the regard of all who were
fortunate enough to spend their earlier school
days with her, while as a disciplinarian she
possessed the rare faculty of enforcing order
without incurring the ill-will of the pupils.
Her voluntary retirement from the school was
the occasion of a farewell scene that will prob-
ably never be duplicated.
The members of the Board of Public Edu-
cation from the Third Section, since the Act
of Consolidation, are as follows: Alexander
Greaves, Washington J. Jackson, Charles
Welsh, James W. Fletcher, Washington J.
Jackson, Samuel F. Flood and the present
incumbent, Joseph D. Murphy.
MRS. HELEN B. BECLEV.
Some of the Principals of the Mt. V
School have become distinguished in
educational institutions, notably Thoma;
Peirce, deceased, and H. Y. Lauderback
estabhshed business colleges in this
George W. Fetter, who left the Mt. V
School to become Principal of the Ni
School, and George W. Schock, who res
to become Professor of Mathematics i
Central High School.
Graduates of the schools of the Thirc
tion are eminent in ever\' walk of life, ;
will not be amiss to mention a few of
In the U. S. Xavy are James McQ. Fo
Schools of the Third Section
The boundaries of the Third Ward of the
City of Philadelpliia, which comprises the
Third Section of the First School District of
Pennsyh'ania, are Broad street to Fitzwater,
to Passyunk avenue, to German, to Second,
to Mead, to Swanson, to Catharine, to the
Delaware River, to Christian, to Broad.
The schools of the Third Section are as fol-
lows: Mt. Vernon Grammar School (for boys),
Catharine street above Third, Geoffrev Buck-
waiter. Supervising Principal; -G;*ammar
School for Girls and Primary Schools, same
building; Florence Combined Secondary and
Primary School, Catharine street below
Eig-hth, Kate H. Bunting, Supervising Princi-
pal; Fletcher Combined Secondary and Pri-
marv School, Christian street above Front,
Elizabeth A. McGuire, Supervising Principal;
Lyons Combined Secondary and Primary
School, Catharine street above Tenth, and
Christian street below Sixth, Mary G. Des-
mond, Supervising Principal; Beck School,
Catharine street above Sixth, Helen B. Beg-
ley. Principal; Kindergarten No. i, Catharine
street above Sixth, Virginia B. Jacobs,
teacher; Kindergarten Xo. 2, Catharine street
above Tenth, Anna M. Duncan, teacher.
In conformity with the provisions of the
Act of 18 1 8, four schools w^ere established
^nat year in the Third Section, wdiich included
the Districts of Southwark and Movamen-
s^ng. Two of these schools met in Paul Beck's
school-house and two in Commissioners*
Hall, Second street below Queen. In 1821,
the last named schools were moved to Catha-
"ine above Third, and were designated the
Catharine Street School, the name, Mount
\'ernon, not being given until 1848. The first
Principal was Samuel F. Watson, in the boys"^
and Mary Xagle, in the girls' school. The
teaching was in accordance with the Lancas-
terian system.
In 1828 a change was made by the Board of
School Controllers, and the District of South-
•wark 'alone became the Third Section, while
the District of Moyamensing was called the
Ninth Section. Joseph Patrick, 3till living,
relates that in 1832, during the cholera epi-
demic fhc pupils of the Catharine Street
School were notified oy the Principal that the
city authorities had taken possession of the
building for a cholera hospital and that there
would be no school until the disease had
abated.
This occurred early in June, and it was not
until late in the year that the pupils returned
to school.
The Beck School on Catharine street above
Sixth, used originally for free school purposes,
was secured by the public school authorities
in 1895, and is occupied entirely by primary
grades and a kindergarten. Mrs. Helen B.
Begley, one of the leading teachers in the city,,
was unanimously elected the first Principal
and alreadv has made it a model school.
The schools of theThird Section have always
held a foremost place in the City of Philadel-
phia, and to the Third Section is due the
credit of recognizing the worth of women as
teachers of bovs. In 1868 the Board of Di-
rectors elected Mrs. M. A. McManus Prin-
cipal of the Boys' Grammar School, she hav-
ing held a corresponding position in the girls*"
school for five vears. When her confirmation
235
was asked for from the Board of Public Edu-
cation, that body refused to grant it because
it was an "innovation." The local Board ap-
pealed to the courts for a mandamus, which
was issued, and the confirmation was
secured. Mrs. McMaiuis occupied this posi-
tion until December 31, 1895, when she re-
tired.
During her term of service in the
Mt. Vernon School Mrs. McManus was
recognized by school authorities and
parents as one of the best teachers
in Philadelphia. Of a kindly, genial
disposition, ever ready to personally help the
To the last named belongs the credit of
having the various schools of the Third Sec-
tion placed under the control of Supervising
Principals. The first to be so organized was
the James \V. Fletcher, in 1892, followed the
next year by the Thomas B. Florence. In
1895, two school buildings, the Lyons and
Springer, were placed under one Principal,and
finally, at the beginning of 1896, the Mt.
\''ernon Schools were united under the pres-
ent Principal, Geoffrey Buckwalter.
MRS M. A. McMANUS.
backward pupil and to encourage the bright
one, she gained the regard of all who were
fortunate enough to spend their earlier school
days with her, while as a disciplinarian she
possessed the rare faculty of enforcing order
without incurring the ill-will of the pupils.
Her voluntary retirement from the school was
the occasion of a farewell scene that will prob-
ably never be duplicated.
The members of the Board of Public Edu-
cation from the Third Section, since the Act
of Consolidation, are as follows: Alexander
Greaves, Washington J. Jackson, Charles
W'elsh, James \V. Fletcher, Washington J.
Jackson, Samuel F. Flood and the present
incumbent, Joseph D. Murphy.
MRS. HELEN B. HEGLEV.
Some of the Principals of the Mt. Vernon
School have become distinguished in other
educational institutions, notably Thomas May
Peirce, deceased, and H. Y. Lauderback, who
established business colleges in this city;
George W. Fetter, who left the Mt. Vernon
School to become Principal of the Normal
School, and George W. Schock, who resigned
to become Professor of Mathematics in the
Central High School.
Graduates of the schools of the Third Sec-
tion are eminent in everv- walk of life, and iVi
will not be amiss to mention a few of theirx.
In the L". S. Xavy are James McQ. ForsytVi,
a- 2
S a;
8§
■^-^im
PUBLIC L KARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TUJDXK fOUNDATlONS
Commander; John Borthwick, engineer, and
W. P. Simon, surgeon. Among Philadel-
phia's prominent lawyers are Henry R.
Edmunds, U. S. Commissioner; Michael F.
McCuIlen, Assistant United'States District-
Attorney, and Thomas \V. Barlow, Assistant
District -Attorney for the City of Philadel-
phia. This section also has the honor of
having graduated Rev. Ignatins F. Horst-
1851 ; elected a member of the Board in 1887;
chosen secretary in 1894.
Joseph C. Cree was born in Philadelphia,
August 2, 1861; elected a director in 1894.
Thomas A. Ciillen was born in Philadelphia
June 20, i860; elected a member of the Board
in 1895.
Frederick J, Cinieo was born in Philadel-
phia, September 24. 1870; elected a director in
1896.
JOSEPH D. MURPHV.
man, Catholic Bishop of Cleveland, O., and
Henry George, of Single Tax fame.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Third Section in 1896 was Joseph D.
Murphy, member of the Board of Public Edu-
cation from that Section. [For biography
see page 77.]
The secretary of the Board was Harry T.
Kingston; born in Philadelphia, February g.
Dr. John H. Remig was born in New York,
October 25, 1870; elected a director in 1895;
is district physician.
Dr. David A. Rosenthal was born in
Odessa, Russia, in 1868; elected a director in
1896.
Other members of the Board were Victor
Fermani, Joseph M. Gore, C. A. Harris, John
S. Kennelly, Jr., James McGucken and Henry
J. Trainer.
Itt^
p^buc
ehox
aWD
A«'^?!i-&P-'^T*
^tOEf
cation from the Second Section, Avery D.
Harrington.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Second Section in 1896 was Dr. Joseph
L. Mann, born in Philadelphia, February 17,
1858; elected a Director in 1887: has served
as President for the last four years.
The Secretary of the Board in 1896 was
George N. Lowery; born in Philadelphia in
Thomas F. McMahon was born in County
Clare, Ireland, October 30, 1847; elected a
Director in 1886.
Alonzo North was born in Philadelphia
August 29, 1843; elected a Director in 1891,
and again in 1895.
Robert Kern was born in Philadelphia Feb-
ruary 3, 1856; elected a Director in 1895.
John Augustus Reade was born in Cecil
County, Md., May 28, 1846; elected a Di-
rector in 1894.
I)R. JOSEPH L.
1857; elected a Director in 1887; chosen
Secretary in 1888; was for three years an at-
tache of the City Controller's ofhce.
George B. Bhzzard was born in Chester,
Pa.; elected a Director in the Second Section
in 1893.
John Irving Dillon was born in Wilkes-
Barre, Pa., October 25, 1870; elected a
Director in 1895 ; is editorially connected with
"The Call."
N. LOWERY.
{.iiistavus .\. Ricketts was born in Philadel-
phia January 20, 1854; elected a Director in
1890 and again in 1894; was printer in Phila-
delphia Post Office during Harrison's ad-
ministration.
John W. Scbaal was born in Philadelphia
in 1856; elected a Director in 1894.
Other members of the Board were David
PhiUips and William Welsh.
THE NEW Y3^1^
PUBLIC L' RARY
ASTOR
TILDEN
LENOX AND
FOUNDATIONS
Schools of the Fourth Section
The boundaries of the Fourth Ward nf tlie
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Fourth Section of the First School Distncl
of Pennsyhaiiia, are Broad street, along Fitz-
water street to Passyunk avenue, to German
street, to Mead street, to Swanson street,
to Catharine street, to the Delaware River,
to South street, to Broad street.
The schools of the Fourth Section are cs
follows: Ringgold Grammar School (for
School No. I, Guilford and Bainbridgc
streets. Rose McNeill, Principal; Primary
Xo. 2, same building, Mary A. Byrne, Prin-
cipal: Primary \o. 3, Fifth street above
German. Ella F. Hasson, Principal; Primary
Xo. 4. same building, Mary T. MuUin, Prin-
cipal; I'rimary Xo. 5, Xos. 605-9 Fitzwater
street, Susan A. Ferry, Principal; Primary
Xo. 6. same building. Caroline Creth, Prin-
MISS MARY MAXWELL.
boys). Eighth and Fitzwater streets, \V.
Henry Parker, Principal; Grammar School
for girls, same building, Mary Maxwell, Prin-
cipal ; Ringgold Secondary School, Eighth
and Fitzwater streets, Mary E. Helmbold.
Principal; Fagen Secondary School. Twelfth
street above Fitzwater, Mary T. McGet-
tigan. Principal: William M. Mere<lith Sec-
ondary School, Fifth street above German
Mary F. Belcher, Principal ; Primary
cipal: Primary No. 7, Twelfth street above
Fitzwater, Annie Xewgarden. Principal;
Primary No. 8, same ituilding, Margaret T.
Steen, Principal; Primary No. 9, Eighth and
Fitzwater streets, I^izzie McKeown, Princi-
pal; Kindergarten Xo.l, No. 921 Bainbridgc
street, C. Jessie Buggy, teacher; Kinder-
garten No. 2, Zella R. Nicholson, teacher;
Kindergarten Xo. 3, No. 703 South Twelfth
street, Emilie O'Donnell, teacher.
The first school organized within the limits
of what is now the Fourth Section, was
established in a rented bnilding in 1818, and
called the Moyamensing School. The first
teachers were Peter McGowan and Ann
Dolby, and they continued in service in this
school for a number of years. William
Roberts was later the Principal of the boys'
department.
The Ringgold School is the outgrowth of
this old Moyamensing School. In it a
Board of Public Education. [For biography
see page 78.]
The secretary of the board was John F.
Snyder; born in Philadelphia, February 5,
1857; elected a director in 1891; chosen
secretary in 1894.
William H. P. Barnes was born in Philadel-
phia, February 19, 1834; elected a director
in 1895; is an ex-member of Common Coun-
cil.
Richard Hazard was bom in Philadelphia,
February i, 1856; elected a director in 1896;
is an e.\-membei of Common Council.
number of Philadelphia's well-known men
received their early education.
The history of the Fagen and Meredith
Schools dates back a number of years, the
building of the former being erected about
1867 and that of the latter in the early '70's.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The president of the board of directors of
the Fourth Section in 1896 was William J.
Manning, the Section's representative in the
JOHN F. SNVD£R.
James Mealey was bom on August 20.
18,^4; elected a director in 1894.
William Notson Seary was bom in Phila-
delphia, February 21, 1867; elected a di-
rector in 1896.
Isaac Wright was bom in Parkesburg, Pa-
in 1837; elected a director in 1890.
Other members of the board were Thomas
B. Brown, Henry K. Bunting, John D.
Kesster. James Mclntire, Thomas Smyth, Jr.
RINGGOLD GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
onhcait comtT Eighth Ji.>d FiliniiKr Slrttti
Founh Secion,
THE NK\V YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
AtrrOU. LKNOX AND
TILDKN FOI:NDAT10NS
B L
Schools of the Fifth Section
The boundaries of tlie Fifth Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Fifth Section of the First School District of
Pennsylvania, are Seventh street, the Dela-
ware River, South and Chestnut streets.
The schools of the Fifth Section are as fol-
lows: Horace Binney Combined Grammar,
Secondary and Primary, Spruce street below
Sixth, Alfred V. Sayre, Supervising Principal;
George M. Wharton Combined Secondary
and Primary, Third street below Pine, Rosa-
lie J, Dunton. Supervising Principal; Kinder-
garten No. I. 307 Lombard street, Louise
Kimmell, Principal; Kindergarten No. 2,
Spruce street below Sixth, Alice E. Rahu,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 3,100 Pine street.
Alice D. Campbell, teacher.
The Horace Binney School had its origin
in the Southeast School, which was opened
in a brick building on Front street below
Pine. February 4, 1834. The Principal of the
boys' department was James M. Bird and the
girls' department was under the principalship
of Susan D. Johnston.
In 1 861 the latter department was re-
moved to a private house at 254 South Sec-
ond street, noted as the birthplace of Gen-
eral George B. McClellan, and ten years later
both the boys' and girls' schools were re-
moved to the school building on Third street
below Pine, forming the George ^L Wharton
School. In 1874 the pupils of the granunar
departments were removed to the Horace
Binney School.
The Horace Binney building was not a new
one at that time. It had formerly been a
church. In 1873 the body chosen to revise
the Constitution of Pennsylvania met in this
building. After the convention had con-
cluded its sessions the city obtained posses-
sion of it, and remodeled it for school pur-
poses. To-day the grammar grades occupy
that part of the building which was the body
of the church, and the primary grades are in
the Sunday-school portion.
The two departments of the school were
iniited in 1887, and Professor Nicholas H.
.\[]3S ROSALIE J. DUNTON.
Ma^uire was elected Supervising Principal.
He was succeeded. In 1895, by Alfred V.
Sayre. the present Principal.
When the grammar grades were removed
from the Wharton to the Binney School
building, in 1874. two secondary and three
primary schools were placed in the Wharton
building. In 1894 these schools were reor-
ganized as a comliined .secondary and primary
school, under the present Snpervising Prin-
cipal, Miss Rosalie J. Dimton.
For many years a school was conducted in
the building now occupied hy the James For-
ten Elementary Manual Training School, un-
der the control of the Directors of the Fifth
JOSEPH CKORCE BOVD.
Section. It was originally a grammar and
primary school.
Since 1854 the Fifth Section has been rep-
resented in the Board of Public Education
ively by Richard Montgomery, John
R. Angney, M. D.. Thomas Fi
Michael McGeoy, James H. Gav,
Reed. Lewis C. Cassidy and John M
hell.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The President of the Board of I
of the Fifth Section in 1896 was
George Boyd; born in Milton, Pa.,
II, 1852: elected a Director in 1893
Presi<lent in 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was Ji
Lipman.
Ca<twallader D. B. Balbirnie was
Kngland, September 28, 1869; elect
rector in 1896.
Robert Cottingham was bom in
August 28, 1848; elected a Director
Edward F. Mean}- was bom in Noi
December 8. 1852; elected a Director
Dr. William H. Wells was bom in
phia September 25, 1859; elected a
in 1896.
Other members of the Board of I
were John F. Doyle, Charles Ebert, 1
Martin. Thomas Mongiven, Samuel
Ceorge J. Brodwater.
I
J
pjLiC LtBKA.KT
Schools of the Sixth Section
The boundaries of the Sixth Ward of the
~ity of Philadelphia, which comprises the
5ixth Section of the First School District of
Pennsylvania, are Seventh street, the Dela-
vare River. Chestnut and Vine streets.
The schools of the Sixth Section at the
►eginning of 1896 were as follows: Xorth-
astern Grammar School. Crown and Race
treats. .Andrew Macfarlane. M. D.. Principal;
Secondary No. i. Crown street above Race,
PR, ANDREW MAC^'ARLANR.
Elizabeth A. Fitzpatrick. Principal: Second-
ary' Xo. 2, .same building. Margaret C. Mead,
Principal; Primary School No. 1, New street
above Front, Susan E. Patterson. Principal;
Primary No. 2, Crown and Race streets,
Elizabeth Wright, Principal; Kindergarten
^o. 1, Crown street above Race, Margaret J.
Parke, Principal; Kindergarten No. 2, New
street below Second, Grace White. Principal.
The New Street School was established
some years before consolidation under the
name of the Northeast Public School. The
building was destroyed by fire in 1850, and re-
built the following year.
In 1868 the Northeastern Grammar School
was erected on a site formerly occupied by a
soldiers' home, and the grammar department
of the school on New street was transferred
to the Crown and Race streets building. The
New Street School then became Primary
No. I.
In 1889 the hoys' and girls' departments
of the Northeastern School were organized
as a mixed school, under the principalship of
Dr. Andrew Macfarlane. and in September,
T896, the Northeastern School and the Sec-
ondary Schools on Crown street above Race
were combined as a mixed grammar, second-
ary and primary school, with Dr. Macfarlane
as Supervising Principal.
The number of distinguished men who were
pupils in the Sixth Section included the late
Congressman Samuel J. Randall, the late ex-
Mayor Richard Vaux, the late ex-Governor
of New Jersey,Leon Abbett. and ex-Governor
of Pennsylvania Robert E. Pattison.
The following have represented the Sixth
Section in the Board of Public Education
since 1867: Madison R. Harris, John Shed-
den, Dr. H. S. Deputy, Charles H. Le Fevre,
Casper W. Findley, Theodore A. Freeman and
John P. Gloninger.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Sixth Section in 1896 was C. Augustus
Widmayer; born in Baltimore. Md., August
2, 1839; elected a Director in 1878; chosen
President in 1886.
The Secretary of the Board was Frank P.
Sheeran; bom in Philadelphia, February 15,
1856; elected a Director in 1882: chosen Sec-
retary in 1884.
Thomas Kennedy was bom in Ireland, ^
gust 22, 1847; elected a Director in 1893.
Aaron G. Kraiise was born in Pottsgro
Pa., in 1842; elected a Director in 1896.
John P. Sidle was born in IJsburn, Co
herland County. Pa.: elected a Director
i8go.
C. AUGUSTUS WIDMAVER
Dr. William R. Gieser was born in Dover, frank p. sheeran.
Del., Januar\- 9, 1859; elected a Director in
1896.
Charles A. Getzinger was born in Balti-
more, Md., October 18. 1855: elected a Di-
rector in 1887; is clerk in theofficeof the City George \V. Holzworth, Dr. A. P. Kellar a-
Controller. James Nolan.
Other members of the Board of Directc
were John A. Addis, Charles L. Hartma
Yoar
XILDJEN
Schools of the Seventh Section
The boundaries of the Seventh Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Seventh Section of the First School District
of Pennsylvania, are Seventh street, the
Schuylkill River, South and Spruce streets.
The schools of the Seventh Section are as
follows: U. S. Grant Combined Grammar and
Secondary, Seventeenth and Pine streets,
Thomas G. Gentry, Sc. D., Supervising FVin-
cipal ; J. S. Ramsey Combined Secondary and
Primary, Pine and Quince streets, ^ Agnes
Martin, Supervising Principal; Secondary and
Primary School, Twentv-third sti^eet above '
Lombard, Kate L. Caldwell, Principal; Alice
Lippincott Secondary School, Nineteenth and
Addison streets, Annie J. Crosby, Principal;
Octavius V. Catto Secondary School (col-
ored), Lombard street above Twentieth,
Caroline R. Le Count, Principal; Alice Lip-
pincott Primary School No. i. Nineteenth
and Addison streets, Elizabeth W. Guv, Prin-
cipal; Alice Lippincott Primary School No.
:2. Nineteenth and Addison streets, Julia B.
Harper, Principal; Kindergarten No. i, 1120
Pine street, Anna J. McDonough, Principal;
Kindergarten No. 2, l\venty-third street
above Lombard, Amelia Sage, Principal;
Kindergarten No. 3, Lombard street above
Twentieth, Melinda J. Amos, Principal; Kin-
dergarten No. 4, Nineteenth and Addison
streets, Sarah S. Rawlins, Principal.
The first school that was organized in what
is now the Seventh Section was located on
Spruce street near Rittenhouse square, and
was opened in 182:6 under the name of the
Southwestern School. The first teacher
mentioned in the records was John D. Bird.
In 1838 the school was transferred to the
l)uilding which is still standing near Twenty-
third and Lombard streets. This build-
ing was used exclusively as a boys' school.
William Wallace Wood w^as its first Principal,
and the school soon came to be called
''Wood's School.'' The name has clung to it
to the present day.
There was an infant school established in
this building. It afterward became a primary
and still later a secondary school. In 1843,
Primary No. 3 was opened on Lombard street
abpve Eleventh, and in 1848 a school known
as primary No. 18 was established on Lom-
bard street west of Thirteenth. In this year
the Southwestern Schools w^ere called the
Hamilton Schools.
.At the time of Consolidation, 1854, a new
primary known as No. 5 was organized in a
building on Lombard street near Twentieth,
and Secondary' No. 4 was opened in the
Wood's building.
During the year 1861 the Southwestern
Grammar Schools were transferred to the
building at Nineteenth and Addison streets.
In 1895 Primary No. 3 became known as
Primary No. 2, and Primary No. 5 became
Primary No 4. In June of the same year the
schools at Twentv-third and Lombard streets
were consolidated under the principalship of
Miss Kate L. Caldwell.
For more than forty years the John S.
Ramsey School was known as the Pine and
Quince Streets School. In the year 1850 the
sum of $6,275 ^^^'^ appropriated for the erec-
tion of the building. In the records of 1854
the following schools are mentioned as oc-
cupying the building: Secondary No. 2 (for
boys); Secondary No. 3 (for girls), and
261
Primary No. i. Primary Xo. 6 was organ-
ized in the same buikling about 1868, and the
following year Secondary No. 2 was trans-
ferred to the Seventeentli and Pine streets
building. Agnes Martin became Principal of
the Pine and Quince Streets School in 1888.
In 1893 the school was organized and
placed under supervision. In 1894 tlie name
was changed to that which it now bears, in
honor of the late John S. Ramsey. M. D., who
was prominently identified with the school
interests of the Seventh Section.
TheAIice Lippincott Schools were formerly
called the Nineteenth and Addison Streets
Schools. They were organized early in the
Owing to the increase in population
Seventh Section, and the consequent in
in the number of pupils desiring admiss
the schools, a school was estabhshed in
in a new building at Seventeenth ant
streets. It was then called the Soutl
em School. Edward Gideon was th'
Principal of the Boys' Grammar Sch
the new building. There were i
changes in the principalship, and in 18
present Supervising Principal, Thoir
Gentry. Sc. D., became the head of the s
Dr. Gentry is a native of Holmesbur.
and was educated in the Central High !
of this city. Soon after grad
JOHN S. RAMSEY, M. I>.
THOMAS G, GENTRY, Sc. D.
'5o's, and were probably formed by the group-
ing of a number of small schools in that local-
ity. The schools in this building were Pri-
maries No. 2 and No. 3 (both for boys), and
Primary No. 4 (for girls). Since that time
other schools have been transferred to the
Nineteenth and Addison streets building, and
in 1895 the school-house was named the Alice
Lippincott School, in honor of the late Mrs.
J. Dundas Lippincott. a leading society
woman of Philadelphia. During the summer
of 1896 the building was entirely remodeled.
and now presents an imposing appearance.
he entered upon what has pro\
be a most successful career
teacher. He is a scientist and sch
splendid attainments ami high repute.
the author of several books on scienti
jects, and is connected with the Aca<J
Natural Sciences and other organtzatic
simitar character. In 1888 he recei'
degree of Doctor of Science from the (
Academy of Sciences.
In 1885 the name of the South
School was changed to the U. S.
School. Tn 1890 the schools in this I
, nilS«2WT0RK
1 PT3BL1C LIBRART
I
A
-^re combined and placed under supervision,
>T"- Gentry being chosen Supervising Princi-
pal
The first cooking school established in an
■lementary public school was in the Grant
School. It was organized in October, 1893.
The Octavius V. Catto Colored School had
its origin in a private school, taught by Mrs.
C A. Atwell, nee Jennings, in the early "6o's.
Miss Jennings was a graduate of the Institute
for Colored Youth, and started a school for
colored children at her home. South street
above Tenth. It grew rapidly in numbers,
and she applied to the Board of Directors of
street, a small thoroughfare running east
from Twelfth street, below Pine. Here
the school was opened as a Colored Unclassi-
fied School, with Miss Jennings as Principal.
In 1867 the latter resigned and Miss Caroline
R. LeCount, the present principal of the
Catto School, was chosen to succeed her.
In 1878 the present building was erected.
It was named in honor of Octavius V. Catto,
who was at one time connected with the In-
stitute for Colored Youth.
The Principal, Miss LcConnt, is the veteran
public school teacher among her people, and
was the first among them to receive from the
STRICKLAND KNEASS SHEDAKER.
the Fourth Section, in wl.ich she resided, to
t3ke the school under its control. The di-
rwiors would consent to take it only on the
condition that Miss Jennings would relinquish
tne principalship and take an assistant's posi-
tion. This she declined to do. and later a
similar application was made by her to the
•^■enth Section School Board, and was favor-
acted upon.
room was rented in Ma-
Eleventh below Pine, and
to this the school was transferred. In
1864 a building was rented on Ohio
certificate of
ably
Itl 1863
sonic Hall,
Board of Public Educati<
qualification to teach.
The representative of the Seventh Section
in the Board of Public Education for many
years, prior to the appointment of the present
member, Miss Anna Hallowell. was Lewis
Elkin.
BO.ARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Seventh Section in 1896 was Thomas
Durham; horn near Belfast. Ireland. February
I, 1823; elected a I>irector i
President in 1880 and ajjain ii
. 1872:
1886.
The Secretary of the Board was Strickland
Kiieass Sliedaker; born in Philadelphia,
I'ebniary 1, 1863; elected a Director in 1890;
chosen Secretary in 1893.
William H. Fagen was bom in Philadelphia
Xoveniher 26, 1856; elected a Director in
1896; is an inspector of customs.
Dr. Edwin Clarence Howard was born in
ISuston. Mass.. October 21, 1846; elected a
Director in 1892.
Frank J. Pryur, Jr., was bom in Pottsville.
I'a., July 22. 1866; elected a Director in 1894.
James Alexander Russell was bom in Phil-
adelphia, September 12, 1852; elected a Di-
rector ill 1893 ; is chief bill clerk in the Bureau
of Water.
Kdwin Jaqnett Sellers was bom in Philadel-
phia, Julv 25. 1865: elected a Director in
1S95.
( Ither members of the Board were William
J. Barton. Louis K. Esray, M. D., Robert
liastings, Charles L. Leioer and William P.
Price.
OCTAVlfS V. CATTO SECONDARY SCHOOL— COLOR KD,
THE WEW YORK
PI3BL1C UBRART
Schools of the Eighth Section
The boundaries of the Eighth Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Eighth Section of the First School District
of Pennsylvania, are Seventh street and the
Schuylkill River, Chestnut and Spnice streets.
The schools of the Eighth Section are as
follows: Locust Street Combined Grammar
School, Twelfth and Locust streets, S.
Matilda Scott, Acting Principal; Hollings-
worth Combined Secondary an<l Primary
Schools, Locust street above Broad. AnnaT.
McCormick. Supervising Principal; Garfield
Primary School, Twenty-second and Locust
streets. Sallie A. Long, Principal; Kinder-
garten No. 1. Twenty-second and Locust
streets. .Vdele W.Mackenzie, teacher; Kinder-
garten \o. 2, Locust street below Fifteenth,
F. M. Kellogg, teacher.
The Locust Street School is one of the old-
est in the city and has graduated many who
have become distinguished citizens. It was
originally located near Sixth and Lombard
streets, and was removed to the building at
Twelfth and Locust streets in October, 1R28.
William S. Cleavenger was the Principal of
the boys' school until 1857. He was succeed-
ed by William Stirling, who was followed by
Miss S. Matilda Scott.
I^he Principal of the girls' school up to 1842
^'3s Eliza R. Eastbuni, and her successors
«'"e Elizabeth H. Cox, Catharine Gillingham
3id Sarah McGonegal. Miss McGonegal war,
f"ncipa| from May, 1854, until December,
*''95' when the schools were combined. She
IS in every way a remarkable woman, and
thousands of pupils who passed through the
school during her forty-one years as Principal
refer with enthusiasm to her beneficent influ-
ence.* The teachers under her were also im-
presse<! by her personality, and one of them.
Miss Anna H. Hall, now Principal of the
School of Observation and Practice, recently
stated that she felt she owed whatever success
she had attained as a teacher to the training
which she received under Miss McGonegal.
MISS S. MATfLDA SCOTT.
The following are the names of a tew of the
many prominent men who were pupils in the
Locust Street School: Mayor Charles F. War-
wick; Richardson L. Wright and Paul Kava-
nagh. of the Board of Public Education;
Professor George Inman Riche, a former
Principal of the Central High School; Pro-
fessors James A. Kirkpatrick, a former pro-
fessor, and Zephaniah Hopper, who is still
connected with the faculty of the Central
High School; Rev. T. B. N'eely. Rev, Jesse Y.
Burk, Charles Atherton, George Hancock,
Col. Cecil Clay. Alfred L. Clay. Col. George
H. North. Ensign John S. Grisconi, Dr.
Charles S. Turnbull, ex-Sheriff Horatio P.
Connell and Thomas J. Hnnt.
The Hollingsworth School, at Fifteenth
and Locust streets, was built in 1867. The
school was organized hy the consolidation t)f
a girls' secondary, at Broad an<l Walnut
streets; boys' secondary that had been in the
American Protestant Association's Hall, on
Locust street; boys' primary. Locust street
born in Philadelphia. October 19.
elected a director in 1889; chosen preside
i8g6; was assistant United States Di:
Attorney from 1875 to 1885.
The secretary of the board was J. I
(iood: born in Philadelphia, February 4.
elected a director in 1880; chosen secrets
1882.
Louis Alexander Diddle was born in I
delphia. March 12, 1863: elected a direct
1895.
Col. M'endell Phillips Bowman was bo
Philadelphia: elected director over eight
J LEWIS GOOD.
HOOD GILPIN.
near Twelfth, and girls' primary, 221 South
Sixteenth street. The Principals of these
different departments of the Hollingsworth
School have been Lucy McCullough, Martha
H oil is, Margaret Thompson, Georgiana
Lewis. Elizabeth Kennedy. .\nna H. Hall and
Anna L McConnick. When the school com-
bined, in June. 1891. Miss McCormick be-
-came Supervising Principal.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The president of the board of directors of
the Eighth Section in 1896 was Hood Gilpin;
ago: is an officer in the National Gua
Penn.sylvania.
Thomas J. Fahy was born in Pbilade
July 31. 1850: elected a director in 181
connected with "The Evening Telegrap
Horn R. Kneass was born in Pbilade
February 10. 1846; elected a director in
was a member of the Board of Healt
eight years.
Other members of the Board were Jar
Ureen. James Bums, Jr.. Thomas P. C
Dr. J. M. Henry. Dr. Clara Marshall and
F. Schiedt.
,...,..% LENOX AiTO
»>
t\i
•M>Ub^
Schools of the Ninth Section
The boundaries of tlie Ninth Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Ninth Section of the First School District of
Pennsylvania, are Seventh street and the
Schuylkill River, Chestnut and Arch streets.
The schools of the Ninth Section are as
follows; Keystone Grammar School, Nine-
teenth street above Chestnut, Henry B.
Whittington, Principal; Keystone Secondary
School, same building, Margaret Robinson,
HENRV B WHI
Principal; PrimaryNo. i. Filbert street above
Seventh, dementia F. Hutchinson, Principal;
Primary No. 2, Nineteenth street above
Chestnut, Isabella Kirkpatrick, Principal,
The oldest school building in the Section is
the Zane Street School, as it was called
for many years, located on Filbert street
above Seventh. This is the building in which
the Board of Public Education now has its
offices. It was erected in 1841, and was origi-
nally called the Washington School. In this
building two schools were organized, one for
boys and the other for girls. The first Prin-
cipal of the boys' school was William G, E.
Agnew, while Lydia C. Smith was the first
Principal of the girls' school. In 1868, owing
to the depopulation of the eastern end of the
Ward, the grammar departments were re-
moved to the Keystone building, on Nine-
teenth street, in which were also placed 1
boys' secondary and girls' secondary. The
two grammar schools were under two differ-
ent Principals until i8g6, Miss Mary M. Con-
way being Principal of the girls' department
for several years. When they were consoli-
dated Mr. Whittington was elected Principal.
Other schools organized in the Ninth Sec-
tion, hut which were closed owing to the de-
population of the ward, included a primary
school at Seventeenth and Market streets.
one at Fifteenth and Market, a primary and
secondary at Twentieth and Filbert streets,
a primary school on Eleventh street above
Market and a school on the south side of Fil-
bert street above Eighth.
Among the prominent citizens of Philadel-
phia who were formerly pupils in the schools
of the Ninth Section are Mayor Charles F.
Warwick and Judge Abraham M. Beitler.
The Ninth Section was fortunate in being
represented for many years in the Board of
Public Education by James Freeborn, ex-
member of the Legislature, who was a mem-
ber of the Board of Directors for over thirty
years, and who still acts as Secretary, although
he is not a member of the Board. Mr, Free-
born, while in the Legislature, introduced and
brought about the passage of the bill provid-
ing for the appointment of the members of
the Board of Public Education by the judici-
ary. He was also the author of the bill pro-
viding for the examination of teachers by the
Board, and was instrumental in having the
Teachers' Institute incorporated.
The first President of the Board of Direct-
ors, after consolidation, was Stephen Far-
rand. Other prominent members of the
of December, was Mordecai Dawson Evans;
born in Philadelphia, Jime 12, 1834; elected a
Director in i8gi: chosen President in 1893V
resigned in December, 1896.
The President of the Board of Directors at
the close of 1896 wasEdward D. Wadsworth;
born in Hallowell, Me., March 28, 1864;
elected a Director in 1890; chosen President
in December, 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was James
Freeborn, above mentioned; bom in Phila-
delphia in 1823; elected a Director in 1857;
chosen Secretary in 1862.
MORDECAl DAWSON EVANS.
Board have been Dr. Daniel Steinmetz.
Dr. S. B. Wylie Mitchell, John I..
Young, Benjamin F. Kern, Dr. C. Camp-
bell Cooper, Dr. William S. Stewart ,
Richard Ludlow, Joel Thomas, Francis Black-
burn, Dr. Simeon Dillingham, John Fareira,
Dr. Joseph R. Smith and Francis Newland.
Some of these represented the Section in the
Board of Public Education.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Ninth Section in 1896, up to the month
JAMES FREEBORN.
J.Fletcher Conrad wasborn in Huntingdon
County, Pa., in 1840; elected a Director in
1890.
Alban B. Lynch was bom in Philadelphia
in 1845; elected a Director in 1892.
Theodore Smith was born in Philadelphia
June 19, 1837; elected a Director in 1885.
Other members of the Board were Charles
J. Drumond, Mahlon D. Young, Arthur Ehr-
stein.Emil J. Hertz, Nicholas F. KIine,Joseph
W. Lewis and William W. Longstreth.
5S
»8
1 •
t?^^&^
TILDS''
Schools of the Tenth Section
The boundaries of the Tenth Ward of the
City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Tenth Section of the First School District of
Pennsylvania, are Seventh street and the
Schuylkill River, Arch and Vine streets.
The schools of the Tenth Section are as
follows: Northwestern Combined Grammar.
Secondary and Primary, Race street below
Fifteenth, Oliver P. Cornman, Supervising
Principal; John Agnew Combined Secondary
and Primary, Cherry street below Eleventh,
Katharine A. Lacy. Supervising Principal;
Edward Shippen Primary School. Cherry
street above Nineteenth, Emma M. Oavts,'-^
Principal; Kindergarten No. i. Race street
below Fifteenth. Lilian Gaston, teacher:
Kindergarten No. 2, Cherry street above
Nineteenth, Ursula Chapman, teacher.
The Northwestern School is one of the old-
est in the city. The original building was
erected in 1833, an addition being built in
1871. Hiram Ayres was the first teacher, and
was assisted by Martha C. Hallowell. A num-
ber of well-known teachers have since been
connected with the Northwestern School,
either as principals or assistants. The num-
ber includes James Rhoads, afterward a pro-
fessor in the Central High School; William
W. Wood, Aaron B. Ivins, Philip A.
Cregar, afterward Principal of the Girls' High
School; H. Y. Lauderbach and C. Henry
Kain, now Assistant Superintendent of
Schools.
In March, 1891, OUver P. Cornman, a for-
mer pupil of the Northwestern School, was
elected Principal of the boys' grammar de-
partment. In 1892 the schools in this build-
ing were reorganized as a combined grammar
and secondary, and in 1894 the boys* second-
ary and primary, located in a building on
Cherrystreet above Fifteenth, were combined
under the same supervision, the Cherry street
building being considered as an annex to the
other school, half a block distant.
In the summer of 1896 the main building
was so altered and remodeled that it became
possible to accommodate the classes from the
OLIVER P. CORNMAN,
annex, so that the entire school is now housed
in the one building. The Cherry street build-
ing is used as an annex to the Central Manual
Training School.
This building on Cherry street is over fifty
years old. It is said to be the first building
in which glass sashes between the class rooms
were used. Miss Margaret Struthers was for
many years the able Principal.
The girls' department of the Northwestern
School had but three principals during the
nearly sixty years of its existence, prior to the
time when it was placed under supervision as
a part of a combined school. Miss Jane
Mitchell was Principal until 1848,' Miss E. B.
Bond from that time until 1876, and Miss
Helen L. Biles until 1892.
The John Agnew School was erected in
1870. Previous to this time a building was
rented, on Cherry street below Eleventh, and
used as a boys' and girls' primary school. The
new building was at first occupied by a boys'
primary, but afterward a girls' primary was
organized in it and a secondarj- school was
school has also graduated many men proiiii-
nent in business, professional and public lite.
Indeed, the number of these is so great that
it would be impossible to enumerate them
without danger of omitting some.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the TAith Section in 1896 was Samuel B.
Davis; bom in Philadelphia in 1853; elected
a Director in 1881; chosen President of the
Board in 1890.
The Secretary of the Board was Harry F.
Freeston: born in Wilmington, Del., May 16,
SAMUKL B. DAVIS,
added a few years later. In May, 1894. these
three schools were reorganized as a combined
secondary and primary.
The Edward Shippen School was built in
the latter part of the '6o's, and occupied by a
boys' and girls' primary. It was partly de-
stroyed by fire in 1878, and soon rebuilt. In
1S94 the primary schools were reorganized as
a combined primary. The building was
named in honor of a former President of the
Board of Public Education.
A number of prominent men have served as
Directors in the Tenth Section, the number
including the late William R. I.eed.s, M. Hall
Stanton and Robert Coulton Davis. The
HARRY F. FREEsTON.
1855; elected a Director in 1886; chosen Sec-
retary in 1889.
Henry Irwin was born in Ireland, August
8, 185,-1; elected a Director in 1893.
James Frederick McNichol was bom in
Philadelphia. September, 1868; elected a Di-
rector in 1896.
Dr. Charles Alfred Page was born in
Philadelphia in i860; elected a Director in
1889.
Other members of the Board were Tlionias
M', Gillespie, Dr. William H. Bricker. James
R. Dever, Robert Harper, Charles Hart, Dr.
John Slicmbs and Dr. Edwin C. W'arg.
NORTHWESTERN COMKINED GRAMMAR. SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
UE^O*
A^I>
^^i^^-^*
JOHN AGNEW COMBINED SECONDARV AND PRIMARY" SCHOOL,
Cherry Stmt, beio* Eleventh.
TcDih Sec lion.
t^.
ffSft
tlJBUC
^»^*^
Schools of the Eleventh Section
The boundaries of the Eleventh Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Eleventh Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Third street and
the Delaware River, Vine and Poplar streets.
Xhe schools of the Eleventh Section are as
follows: Northern Liberties Combined Gram-
Anna Ashton Milligan, teacher; Kindergar-
ten Ko. 2, New Market street above Brown,
May S. Willard, teacher; Kindergarten No.
3, Third street below Green, Mary E. Bitner,
teacher: Kindergarten No. 4, New Market
street above Noble, Maria L. Higgins,
teacher.
RINAt.DO ABRAM LUKCNS.
BERNHARD G. MULLER.
mar and Primary School, Third street below
Green and St. John street below Button-
wood {two buildings), Daniel \V. Hutchin,
Supervising Principal; Madison Combined
Secondary and Primary' School, New Market
street above Noble and New Market street
above Brown (two buildings), Barbara
Brown, Supervising Principal; Kindergarten
No. I, St. John street below Buttonwood,
At the time the first free schools were es-
tablished there was a private school at New
Market and Pegg's street, known as the Adel-
phi School. This building was rented by the
Controllers in 1818, and one of the first
schools opened was that established in it. In
1825 the building now known as the Mifflin
School, in the Twelfth Section, was erected
and the school was organized by the transfer
of some of the pupils from the school at New
Market and Pegg's streets. What was left
of this school was taken some years later to
form the Madison School, which is still in
existence under that name.
The present Northern Liberties School
was formed of classes taken from the Madison
School.
period have been George S. Lare, Charles S.
Austin, Edward Geary, C. William Geissel
and B. G. Muller. The Section has been
represented in the Board of Public Education
by Samuel Taylor, Thomas W. Marchment,
Charles Abel, James S. Hinkle, Thomas A.
Fahy, Charles S. Austin, Samuel T. Child and
William H. R. Lukens.
DANIEL W, HUTCHIM.
The presidents of the board of directors
since consolidation have been Samuel Megar-
gee, Reuben Hanse, James D. Brown, Wil-
son Kerr. Thomas A. Fahy, Edward
Matthews, J. Christian Miller and R. .\.
Lukens. The secretaries during the same
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Eleventh Section in 1896 vtas Rinaldo
.\brani Lukens; bom in Philadelphia. Xo-
veinbcr 16. 1836; elected a Director in 1870:
chosen president in 1873; is a member of the
Hoard of Revision of Taxes.
The Secretary was Bernhard G. Muller:
born in (Germany, January 12, 1841 ; elected
a Director in 1878: chosen secretary in 1895.
Edward Cunnie was bom in Ireland, May
9, 1855; elected a Director in 1891.
Emerson W. Custis was bom in Washing-
ton. D. C. ; elected a Director in 1896.
William Krouse, Jr., was bom in Philadel-
phia, May 9. 1855; elected a Director in 1889.
John R. Marltn was bom in Philadelphia.
February 1, 1855; elected a Director in 1887.
Decatur Milligan was bom in Lewisburg,
Pa., in 1834; elected a Director in 1878.
Other members of the Board were George
W. Apple, Christian Bier, Michael J. Lena-
han. Louis C.Michaelsen and Peter Schlaefer.
PUBLiu ^
A8T0II, LSNOX AND
s ^:\.^\ .■
^ • ^
Schools of the Twelfth Section
ndaries of the Twelfth Ward of
Philadelphia, which comprises the
ction of the First School District
/ania, are Sixth and Third, Vine
streets.
)ols of the Twelfth Section are as
lifflin Secondary School No. i,
et above Brown, Josephine H.
icipal; Mifflin Secondary No. 2,
ng, Martha Josephs, Principal : E.
Secondary School No. 3, Noble
►V Sixth, Caroline A. Stout, Prin-
[. Paxson Secondary No. 4, same
Llla V. Dare, Principal; Rovoudt
chool, Fairmount avenue below
t, Kate M. Berlin, Principal; E.
Primary School, Noble street be-
Regina C. Donovan, Principal;
Vimarv School, Dillwvn and Cal-
*ets, Elizabeth Hogan, Principal;
en No. I, Fairmount avenue below
abeth Stokes, Principal; Kinder-
2, Dillwyn and Callowhill streets,
ahill, Principal; Kindergarten No.
itreet l)elow Sixth, Carrie Kuhn,
rlin School building is the second
ol edifice in Philadelphia, the only
*ected before it l)eing the Model
Chester street. The Mifflin build-
cted in 1825, at a cost of $8,142.60.
inued in use, with but slight alter-
;he present day. There is a space
: between the ceiling of the first
;he floor of the second, the object
sumably, to prevent the pupils
\ from being disturbed by the noise
lose above.
This is the only school of historic interest
in the Twelfth Section, theothers having been
established from time to time since consolida-
tion. In 1867 the building at Dillwyn and
Callowhill streets was erected, and in 1868
the school on Fairmount avenue below Fifth
was built, facing on Maria street. In 1871 a
lot was purchased on Noble street below
Sixth, and on it the Paxson School was
erected.
Among the men who have been identified
with school management in the Twelfth Sec-
tion, as Controllers or Directors, are Alder-
man Peter Hay, Thomas James, Charles M.
Wagner, John F. Belsterling, James S. Wat-
son, Magistrate Albert H. Ladner, William
E. Littleton, Thomas M. Locke, ex-Con-
gressman Frederick Halterman, George H.
Horn, Peter Rovoudt, George K. Zeigler,
Joseph Reakhart, Macpherson Saunders, Wil-
liam M. Levick, Charles J. Sutter, M. Hall
Stanton, Edwin McCalla and Bettle Paul.
The Twelfth Section was represented in the
Board of Public Education for many years by
M. Hall Stanton, who was President of that
body fom 1870 to 1877. Dr. A. H. McAdam,
now deceased, succeeded Mr. Stanton as
member from the Twelfth Section, and held
his seat in the Board until his death, in 1896,
when he was succeeded by Thomas A. Grace.
Dr. McAdam was born in Philadelphia,
December 7, 1839. He was educated in pri-
vate and public schools in this city, and grad-
uated from the medical department of the
University of Pennsylvania in 1863. He was
a member of Select Council fom 1874 to 1877.
Dr. McAdam was elected a School Director
in 1869, and was President of the Board for a
293
short time, but resigned to go into Councils.
At the time of his death he was President of
the Board, as well as the representative in the
Board of Public Education.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twelfth Section at the close of 1896 was
Dr. Louis Demme Bauer was bom in Phil-
adelphia, September 9, 1868; elected a Di-
rector in 1895,
Henry J. Emenecker was bom in Philadel-
phia in i860; elected a Director in 1894.
George W. Joerger was bom in Philadel-
phia, July 4, 185 1 ; elected a Director in 1882.
Oliver G. J. Schadt was born in Allentown,
Pa., May 23, 1858; elected a Director in 1895;
Emil Jungmaun; born in Heidelberg, Ger-
many, June 2, 1859; elected a Director in
1896; chosen President in 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was Oscar E.
Rother; born in Baden, Germany, September
9, 1863; elected a Director in 1895; chosen
Secretary in 1896.
OSCAR E. ROTHER.
is principal of a college and business prepara-
tory school.
Other members of the Board were John
Maxwell, Fred. W, Haussman, Dr. T. Hamp-
ton Moore, Charles Nagle, John Frank and
Frederick A. Schmidt.
MIKFLIN SECONDARY SCHOOL,
t\3BUC
^m'
^»^
vi»eSJS&»
Schools of the Eleventh Section
The boundaries of the Eleventh Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Eleventh Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Third street and
the Delaware River, Vine and Poplar streets.
The schools of the Eleventh Section are as
follows: Northern Liherties Combined Gram-
Anna Ashton Milligan, teacher: Kindergar-
ten No. 2, New Market street above Brown,
May S. Willard, teacher; Kindergarten No.
3, Third street below Green, Marj' E. Bitner,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 4, New Market
street above Noble, Maria L. Higgins,
teacher.
R[NA1.D0 ABRAM LUKENS,
BERNKARD C, MULLER,
mar and Primary School, Third street below
Green and St. John street below Button-
wood (two buildings), Daniel \V. Hutr.hin,
Supervising Principal; Madison Combined
Secondary and Primary School, New Market
street above Noble and New Market street
above Brown (two buildings), Barbara
Brown, Supervising Principal; Kindergarten
No. I, St. John street below Buttonwood,
At the time the first free schools were es-
tablished there was a private school at New
Market and Pegg's street, known as the Adel-
phi School. This building was rented by the
Controllers in 1818, and one of the first
schools opened was that established in it. In
1825 the building now known as the Mifflin
School, hi the Twelfth Section, was erected
and the school was organized by the transfer
THE NEW YORK
?';BLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX ANP
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
J
Schools of the Thirteenth Section
The boundaries of the Thirteentli Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Thirteenth Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Sixth and Tenth,
Vine and Poplar streets.
The schools of the Thirteenth Sec-
tion are as follows : Wyoming Gram-
mar School (for boys). Sixth street
and Fairmount avenue, Martha F. Bav-
ington, Principal; Grammar School for
Girls, same building, Mabel McCliire, Prin-
cipal; Wyoming Secondary School, same
building, Rebecca S. Wright, Principal; J. Q.
Adams Secondary and Primary, Garden
street below Biittonwood, Daisy T. Wright,
Principal; Warner Combined Secondary and
Primary, Eighth street above Parrish, Ella
Jacobs, Supervising Principal; Kindergarten
No. I, Garden street below Buttonwood,
Minnie C. Atwood, Principal; Kindergarten
No. 2, Eighth street above Parrish, Harriet
E. Farrand, Principal; Kindergarten No. 3,
Sixth street and Fairmount avenue, Alice G.
Fox, teacher.
The first grammar school in the Thirteenth
Section was organized about 1850, in the
building on Perth street above Parrish, and
was called the Warner Grammar School, in
honor of Henry Warner, who was at one time
controller of the Section. Among the early
principals were James G. Barnwell, William
Sterling, H. R. Smith, Dr. William S. Ste-
phens, Martha R. Brodie and Mrs, S. A.
Henzey. The grammar schools were after-
ward removed to the Garden street building
and called the J. Q. Adams Schools, and still
later they were transferred to the Wyoming
building.
The latter was erected in 1868 and dedi-
cated on November 5th of that year, with in-
teresting exercises. Addresses were made
by Edward Shippen, then President of the
Board of Public Education, and Rev. Dr. T.
DeWitt Talmage. Dr. Stephens was Prin-
cipal of the boys' school until 1887, when he
was succeeded by the present Principal, Miss.
MISS ELLA JACOBS.
Bavington, a teacher of long experience.
Mrs. Sarah A. Henzey resigned as principal of
the girls' school in 1892, and was succeeded
by the present Principal, Mabel McCIure.
The Wyoming School was enlarged in 1889
by the addition of an annex.
The J. Q. Adams School was reorganized in
1885, with Miss Sophia Burmeister, now a
teacher in the Normal School, as Supervising
Principal. Slie was succeeded by Miss Daisy
T. Wright.
The Warner School formerly consisted of
three separate schools, the principals being
Julia B. Jackson, Mary Byrnes and Mary A.
Jeffries. The latter taught in the Section for
thirty-seven years. She died in April. 1896.
HESHV JOHN STAGER.
The school-house was built facing on
Perth street, which is east of Eighth, but in
1886 two properties were purchased on
Eighth street, and the entrance was changed.
Other improvements have recently been
effected.
In 1890 the Warner School was reorgamZ*
and Miss Ella Jacobs became Supervisi*"
Principal. Under her management 1 1
school has been greatly improved, and is r^
ognized as one of the most progressive in t '
city.
Among the prominent men who have be-
Directors in the Thirteenth Section ^
Henry Warner, George Rockenburg, Geor
Henzey, John Fry, Samuel Allen, James
Watson, John C. Kelly and Ellsworth .
Hulls. The Section has been represented
the Board of Public Education by John
Green, James V. Watson, John L. Kins-*
now City Solicitor, and Dr. Martin
Williams, the present member from the Th»
teenth.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors
the Thirteenth Section in 1896 was Samuel
Lit: elected President in 1895.
The Secretary of the Board was Henr>' Jc»
Stager; born in Schuylkill Haven, Pa., AugT.
J7, 1842; elected a Director in 1895; chos
Secretary in 1896.
Other members of the Board were N'T:
Brueckmann, James Buckman, Alexander
Dutton. Dr. D. W. Fleming, A. S. Gile
Albert M. Hicks, Dr. H. C. Paist, Dr. E. I
Smith, Brock Watson and James H. Wolf'
PUBLIC
tSHOX XNO
^W^--''T
Schools of the Fourteenth Section
boundaries of the Fourteenth Ward of
ty of Philadelphia, which comprises the
eenth Section of the First School Dis-
)f Pennsylvania, are Tenth and Broad,
md Poplar streets.
schools of the Fourteenth Section are
lows: Hancock Grammar Schools (for
Fairmount avenue above Twelfth
Charles A. Randall, A. M., Principal;
nar School for Girls, same building,
E. Williams, Principal: Roberts Vaux
lidated School (colored). Wood street
Twelfth, Miss Mary F. Durham, Prin-
Hancock Secondary School, Fairmount
e above Twelfth street, Ella E. Clay,
pal; John M. Ogden Secondary School,
:h and Wistar streets, iEmma J. Sallade,
pal; Robert T. Conrad Secondar\^
1, Melon street below Twelfth, Annie G.
h. Principal; Primary School No. i,
th and Wistar streets, Laura V. Biga-
Mncipal; Primary No. 2, Twelfth and
1 streets, Anna E. Lindsay, Principal;
ry No. 3, same building, Eliza F. Le-
re. Principal; Primary No. 4, Melon
below Twelfth, M. Gertrude Slemmer,
pal; Kindergarten No. i, Melon street
Twelfth, Emma F. Mingus, Principal;
Tgarten No. 2, Twelfth and Ogden
s, Margaret P. Wilkins, Principal,
early as 181 9 there was a school in what
w the Fourteenth Section, located on
mwood lane, now Buttonwood street,
school was located in a rented building
number of years and later the Monroe
niar Schools were organized in a new
^ng at the same location, Buttonwood
street below Eleventh. These schools were
disbanded in 1876. Many well-known citizens
received their early education in the Button-
wood Street School, under such well-known
principals as Alexander H. Laidlaw, Thomas
May Peirce, Philip A. Cregar, Richard
Glassen, George M. Sayre, George H. Stout
and Dr. Andrew Macfarlane.
The Hancock Schools were established in
1842, with Professor Nicholas H. Maguire
and Rachel Brodie as principals. Some very
prominent citizens were educated in these
schools and when the fiftieth anniversary was
celebrated, it brought together a notable as-
semblage, including such men as Judge
Hanina, Judge James Gay Gordon, George H.
ClilT, Principal of the Normal School; Dr.
Robert Ellis Thompson, President of the
Central High School; Dr. Edwin J. Houston
and Professor Elihu Thompson, the noted
electricians; Professor George H. Stuart, of
the Central High School; Alfred H. Love,
and many others equally well known.
The principals of the Hancock Boys* Gram-
mar School have been Professor Nicholas H.
Maguire, James H. Eldridge, Professor
George Stuart and Charles A. Randall, who
has been at the head of the schooi since 1866.
The Robert T. Conrad School was named
in honor of a former mayor of Philadelphia,
and the John M. Ogden School in honor of a
school director, who served many years ago.
One of the most notable schools is the col-
ored school, named in honor of the first Presi-
dent of the Board of Public Education. This
school was originally organized in the Twelfth
Section, and was removed to what was then
303
called the William D. Kelley building, on
Wood street, in 1876. Un<ler an able Prin-
cipal, Jacob C. Wliite, Jr., the school had a
most successful career for many years. As
colored pupils have been received into all the
other schools in recent years, however, the
Roberts Vaux School has decreased greatly
in numbers. When Mr. White resigned the
principalship, in 1896, the school was reorgan-
ized, with Miss Mary F. Durham as Principal.
1861 ; elected a Director in 1893; chosen Sec-
retary of the Board in 1895.
Charles P. Hart was bom in Philadelphia,
October 21, 1863; elected a Director in 1895.
Washington Huttenlock was bom in Phil-
adelphia in 1843: elected a Director in 1895;
is janitor of the Central High School.
Edwin M. Johnson was bom in Philadel-
phia.July24, if6o: elected a Director in 1894.
El) WARD NICHOLS.
BO.\RD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Fourteenth Section, in 1896, was Edward
Nichols; born in Philadelphia. December 27,
1834; electedal)irectorini88o; chosen Presi-
dent of the Tioard in 1882.
The Secretary was Alexander Abrahams;
born in Cambridge, Mass.. December 22,
Charles Henry Joyce was born in PhiladeV -
phia, November 24. 1845; elected a DirectoT
in 1885.
Peter Schmitt was honi in Germany, i- "*^
1852; elected a Director in 1895.
George Warren Weaver was born in PliL ^'
adelphia. March 9, i860; elected a Directcr:^''
in 1895.
Other members of the Board were Chari^^^
J. Dittess, James II. Miller. Edward F. Swit^^
and Joseph B. Vankirk.
iH
B
rifi
THB HKVf TORK
PUBLIC LI3RART
Schools of the Fifteenth Section
le boundaries of the Fifteenth Ward of
Zity of Philadelphia, which comprises the
enth Section of the First School District
ennsylvania, are Rroad street and the
.ylkill River, Vine and Poplar streets.
le schools of the Fifteenth Section are
'ollows: Thaddeiis Stevens Comhined
riniar. Secondary and Primary School,
Titeenth street ahove Fairmoiint avenue,
s A. Rid^e, Supervising Principal; Lin-
Coml)ined Grammar. Secondary and Pri-
.-. Twentieth street and Fairmouiit ave-.
Eniilie M. Crease, Supervising Principal;
:igston S*'c-iiidary, Twenty-third street
■'* Callowhill, Sarah A. Evans. Principal;
>. Bache Secondary, Twenty-second and
vn streets, Miss Emma K. Farrand. Prin-
I: Primary School No. i. Twenty-thir<l
rt above Callowhill, Annie M.McCJnififjan.
cipal; Primary Xo. 2, same building.
na Graham, Principal; Primary Xo. 3,
nty-second and ISrown streets, Anne L.
isdill. Principal; Primary Xo. 4. same
;ling. Emilie Martin, Principal; Kinder-
en No. I. Twenty-third street ahove Cal-
lill, Frances J. Stephenson. Principal;
lerg^arten X'o. 2, Seventeenth street above
rnount avenue. May McK night, Prin-
1.
here were two public school buildings in
Fifteenth Section at the time of consol-
ion. one at Twenty-third and Callowhill
sts, and the other at Seventeenth and
tes. The former had been a church build-
and had been purchased hy the Comniis-
ers of Spring Garden District in 1848, and
odeled for school purposes. It was called
the Fairmount Grammar School, and was af-
terward named the Livingston School. The
other building, which contained one second-
ary and two primary schools, was called the
Francisville School. This building was used
until 1H74, when it was torn down and the
Thaddeus Stevens School was erected on the
same site.
The Principal of this school at the time of
consolidation was George Yeager. Other
LOUIS A. RIDGE.
Principals have been James G. Barnwell,
George R. Bradford, Francis S. Belden,
George W. Schock and Louis A. Ridge, the
present Principal.
In 1861 a new building was erected at
Twentieth and Coates streets, which later be-
came known as the Lincoln School. Those
who have been Principals of the Lincoln
School are Miss A. M. Clayton, Miss GilHng-
ham. Miss Bradbury, Miss Lydia A. Kirby,
Miss Snyder, Miss Mary Wright. Miss Sarah
E. Wolf and Miss Crease.
The A. D. Bache School building was
opened in September, 1868. The same year
a school house at Seventeenth and Wood
streets was built, which was used as a Fif-
teenth Section School until 1885, when it was
vacated and the Central Manual Training
School was organized in it. Miss Margaret
M. Farrand, sister of the i)resent Principal of
the Bache School, was a teacher in the Fif-
teenth Section for fifty years. She resigned as
Principal of the Bache School in July. i8g6.
The old building occupied by the I^iving-
ston School was torn down in 1871, and a
In 1868 a colored school was 01
a building on Bramlywine street
teenth. and called the Bethany S
1874 it was named the Charli
School, and so continued until
when, owing to the continued deci
tendance, it was abolished. Emn
rand was the Principal at the time
was abandoned.
The following have represente
teenth Section in the Board of P
cation: A. H. Manderson, William
John J. Kersey. Joseph M. Hanc<
Ivins, Thomas Wood, Thoma
Charles .Adams. Mr. Hoffman. Johi
WILLIAM H. CARSON.
new structure was built on the same site, on
Twenty-third street above Callowhill, and
opened in ilay, 1872.
Previous to the erection of these various
school -houses, a nuniber of rented buildings
were used at different times for school pur-
poses, including one calle<l Logan Hall, on
Vine street above Seventeenth; two churches,
one at Twentieth and Buttonwood streets.
and the otlier at Twenty-second and Callow-
hill streets: the house of the \\'estern Fire
Engine Company, on Callowhill street; a
building at Broad and Barclay streets, and
one at Sixteenth and Pearl streets.
SMITH D, COZENS
J. J. Harkman. James S. Whitney,
shalk and Henry R. Edmunds.
Mr. Ivins was particularly activt
deavors to secure for the schools
qualified teachers. Before the law
for the examination by the Control
sons desiring to become teachers
passed, be urge<l the necessity ol
higher gratle of work done in tl
Through his efforts the customof \
nual examinations for teachers was
by the Fioard of Directors of the
Section, and continued until the i
nual examinations were begun by
of Public Education.
/
mmm,^
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LiERART
ASTOH, LENO:^ AND
TILDSJS FOI^NDATIONS
he prominent men of Philadelphia
pupils in the Fifteenth Section
e Joseph L. Caven, ex-City Treas-
m B. Irvine. Alexander Crow, Jr.,
i'hiladelphia; and Professor E. V.
lie University of Pennsylvania.
ARD OF DIRECTORS,
ident of the Board of Directors of
th Section in 1896 was William
born in Montreal. Canada. May
Public Buildings Commission, and ex-mem-
ber of the Legislature.
Dr. Charles Ouram was born in Philadel-
phia, .April 14, 1853: elected a Director in
1884.
Dr. Justus Sinexon was born in Philadel-
phia. September 24, 1861: elected a Director
in 1893; is a United States Pension Surgeon.
George F. Stnrgis was born in Lancaster,
Pa., Xovember 3, 1850: elected a Director in
1887.
THOMAS Ei.WOOD GASKILE,.
■lected a Director in 1K94; chosen
)f the Board in 1 8c/).
•etary of the Board was Smith D.
irn in Philadelphia, July 1. 1842;
)irector in 1893: chosen Secretary
Elwood Gaskill was born in Phila-
iuar>- II, 1830; elected a Director
as a Director in the Second Sec-
1858 to 1867: is a member of the
THOMAS WOOD
Thomas \\'ood was born in England, Janu-
ary 22. 1814: elected a Director in i860; he
was a member of the Board of Public Educa-
tion in 1862; although past eighty-two years
of age he still visits the scliools regularly, and
is one of the most active members of the
Board.
Other members of the Board were James
Crombargar. Anna Longstreth, James Mc-
Anirlaiid. Melville B. Parker and J. Addison
Woodruff.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
A8T0K. LENUX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
B U
.1^
THADUEUS STEVENS COMBINED GRAMMAR, SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
Stvuteenth Streel, iboTe Falnnounl Atsiiie.
FiftHtilb SeclioD.
TOE HEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AMD
TILDXM FOUMDATlOJIi
Schools of the Sixteenth Section
The boundaries of the Sixteenth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Sixteenth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Laurel street
and the Delaware River, to Frankford avenue,
to Girard avenue, to Sixth street, to Poplar
street, to the Delaware River.
The schools of the Sixteenth Section are
as follows: JefTerson Grammar School (for
boys), Fifth street above Poplar, J. Fletcher
Sickel, Principal; Grammar School for girls,
same building, Mary S. Rainier, Principal;
Landenberger Secondary School No. i^
J, FLETCHER SlCKEL.
Fourth street above George, Elizabeth E.
Wark, Principal ; Landenberger Secondary
School No. 2, same building, Mary C. Brous,
Principal: Primary Xo. i, Fifth street above
Poplar, Kate E. Carey, Principal ; Pri-
mary No. 2, Charlotte street above Poplar,
Minna L. Bitting, Principal; Primary No. 5,
same building, Elizabeth Reville, Principal;
Primary No. 4, Girard avenue and Leopard
street, Elizabeth K. Brous, Principal; Kinder-
garten No. I, Girard avenue and Leopard
street, Alice K. Hall, teacher; Kindergarten
No. 2, Fourth street above George. Lillie G.
Flanigen, Principal.
The history of the Jefferson Boys' Gram-
mar School dates back to 1843, when it first
appeared on the records, with Ellen Knox,
as teacher. Later, for several years, Zephan-
iah Hopper, now senior professor in the
Central High School, was Principal of the
school. The Landenberger Schools were
organized in 1868. L. A. Engard being first
Principal of the boys' department, and Rachel
Briggs of the girls. '
From 1879 to 1896 the Sixteenth Section
was represented in the Board of Public Edu-
cation by Isaac .A. Sheppard, who was presi-
dent of that body from 1889 to 1896.
Isaac A. Sheppard was born in Cumber-
land County, N . J- July 11, 1827. His
ancestors moved from Connecticut and
settled in New Jersey in 1696, and here Mr.
Sheppard received such educational advan-
tages as a country school, held for three
months in the year, afforded.
He came to Philadelphia in 1839, and at
the age of sixteen entered a brass and iron
foundry to learn the trade of a moulder. His
evenings were given to study. After sixteen
years of hard labor and diligent application,
he determined to commence business for him-
self, and, with others, established in this city
the Excelsior Stove and Hollow Ware Foun-
dry, under the firm name of Isaac A. Shep-
pard & Co. The business grew so rapidly
that some years later the firm established the
Excelsior Stove and Hollow Ware Foundry
in Baltimore, and business is now carried on
in both establishments.
Beside managing a large business, Mr.
Sheppard has for many years taken an active
part in religions, linancial. educational and
benevolent enterprises. In early life he be-
came connected with the Protestant Episco-
pal Church, and for thirty years was a Sun-
day-School Superintendent.
He served three years in the Pennsylvania
Legislature, where he was particularly active
in procuring the passage of the general law
relating to building associations, thus mak-
ISAAC A, SHEPPAR1>.
ing his name honored by thousands of work-
ing people. During the session of i8()i Mr.
Sheppard was unanimously elected speaker
pro tern., and satisfactorily performed the
duties of the office for more than one-third
of that session.
In 1867 the Councils of the city elected
him to represent the city's interests in the
Northern Liberties Gas Co. By unanimous
vote of Councils he continues to hold that
trust.
In 1870 he took a leading part in organ-
izing the National Security Bank, and served
as director and vice-president until 1886,
when he was unanimously chosen president,
an office which he still holds.
Mr. Sheppard was appointed a member of
the Board of Public Education in January.
1879. He rendered efficient service for nine
years on the Committee on Property, and for
six years as chairman of the Committee on
Night Schools. He also served for some time
on the Committee on Central High School
and on other important committees. He was
appointed a member of the committee to or-
ganize the School of Industrial Art. and was
alsochosen as one of the committee to organize
the Central Manual Training School. He has
particularly identified himself with the estab-
lishment of public libraries and the introduc-
tion of manual training in the public schools.
In 1889 he was elected President of the
Board and by unanimous re-elections con-
tinued in that office until the close of 1896,
when he resigned his seat in the Board, be-
cause of ill-health.
Among the benevolent organizations with
which Mr. Sheppard is affiliated is the Inde-
pendent Order of Oild Fellows. He is a Past
Grand Master of the Order in Pennsylvania,
and is also Grand Treasurer of the Sovereign
Grand Lodge of the Order,
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Sixteenth Section in 1896 was Thomas
G. Barrett.
The Secretary of the Board was George W.
Ruhl.
Philip Blank was born in Holly Springs.
Miss., September 2. 1861: elected a Director
in 1896.
Carl II. Bolm. Ph. G., was born in Philadel-
phia. May 7, 1859; elected a Director in 1894,
Edward F. Noon was born in Philadelphia,
October 3, 1842; elected a Director in 1895,
Dr. William Egbert Robertson was born
in Cajuden, N. J.. July 1, 1869; elected a Di-
rector in 1896.
Other memlwrs of the Board were Charles
G, Hays, Henr\' Hoffman, Thomas S. Morris,
William McBride. A. S. Steigerwald and
Lewis Obermiller.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LExNOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
{Fioin an eld wooden
I
THE SEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOn. LKNCJX ANI>
TILDEN KOINDATIUNS
B ^
WILLIAM A LEE SCHOOL,
icrly a Siiletnlh Sttlioa School, but ii nsw occupied hy Ihc Nonbtut Muii
I "the new YORK I
PUBLIC LIBRAr;>: |
1
ASTOR, LENuX Al -
R
J
Schools of the Seventeenth Section
The boimdaries of the Seventeenth Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Seventeenth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Oxforil street.
Frankford avenue. Girartl avenue and Sixth
street.
The schools of the Seventeenth Section are
as follows: John Moffet Grammar Schools
^for boys). Second and Oxford streets, David
R. Baer, Principal; Grannnar School for Girls,
same building. Alice E. Clark, Principal: J. R.
Ludlow Secondary School No. i. Master and
Lawrence streets. Ellen Streper, Principal; J.
R. Ludlow Secondary School No. 2, same
building, Sallie Sherry, Principal; Webster
Secondary School, Hancock street above
Girard avenue. Mary ,\. Murphy, Principal;
Primary School No. i, Hancock street above
(;irard avenue, Sarah E. Hill, Principal; Pri-
mary No. 2, same building, Mary E. Slater,
Principal; Primary No. 3, Master and Law-
rence streets, Kate Brasington, Principal;
PrimaryNo. 4,same building, Sarah J. Quinn,
Principal; Primary No. 5, Second and Ox-
ford streets, Mary J. Lloyd, Principal; Kin-
dergarten No. I , Master and Lawrence
streets, Virginia L. Crawford, Principal; Kin-
dergarten No. 2, Second and Oxford streets,
Amelia S. Dntt, teacher; Kindergarten No.
3, Hancock street above Girard avenue, Zetta
B. Cundy, Principal.
The first school built in what is now the
Seventeenth Section was located on Master
street west of Second, being erected by the
Commissioners of Kensington in 1832. It
was first called the West Kensington School,
afterward the Master Street Grammar
School, and later the Harrison Grammar
School. Among the Principals of the boys'
department were Dr, A. T. W. Wright, sub-
sequently Principal of the Normal School;
Professor James McClune, afterward a pro-
fessor in the Central High School; Professor
Conley Plotts, James H. MacBride, Philip
Cressman, Miss Sarah Mills, M. P. Sharp and
W. W. Brown.
Many former pupils of the Harrison School
have gaine<l distinction in business and pub-
lic life. Its graduates include some of the lead-
ing citizens of Philadelphia, among the num-
ber being John Russell Young, ex-Minister
to China; Judge Thomas K. Finletter, Judge
Joseph C. Ferguson, Joseph Robinson, City
Editor of "The Philadelphia Inquirer." and
one of the best known and most highly re-
spected newspaper men of the city; Dr. Rob-
ert Ellis Thompson, President of the Central
High School; Major John M. Carson. Wash-
ington correspondent of the "Public Led-
ger;" Robert Dornan, ex-President of the
Kensington National Bank, and of the Manu-
facturers' Club; Receiver of Taxes William J.
Roney, James Pollock, for many years a mem-
ber of the Board of Public Education from
JAMES HUGHES.
the Thirty-first Section; the late Dr. John
Jackson, Dr. Thomas J. Beatty, ex-Secretary,
and Robert Graham, the present Secretary- of
the Board of Directors of the Seventeenth
Section, and the late Magistrate Johnson
Roney, who was shot in the battle of Freder-
icksburg in 1862, when, as Col or- Sergeant of
Company G, Ninetieth Pennsylvania, he was
carrying to the front a silk flag presented to
the regiment by the students of tlie Normal
School.
The first Principal of the girls' school was
Miss I^ouise Bedford. The next Principal
was Mrs. Hutchinson, who was succeeded by
Miss Emeline Weigner, who resigned in 1886.
When the John Moffet building was
erected, in !89i. the Harrison School was re-
move<l to it. the old Harrison building having
become vmfit for use.
Tlie Webster school-house was built by the
Commissioners of Kensington in 1852, and
is now occupied by one secondary and two
primary schools.
Previous to the year 1868 there were five
primary .schools in rented buildings scattered
over the Section, but hi that year the Ludlow
building was erected and the various schools
in rented buildings were transferred thereto.
The following are the names of some of
tjiose who have represented the Seventeenth
Section in the Boanl of Public Education:
James McManes. the late Joseph C. Hookey.
the late Dr, John Mac.\voy and the present
member, James Hughes.
BO.ARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Seventeenth Section in 1896 was James
Hughes, member of the Board of Public Ed-
ucation. [For biography see page 95.]
The Secretary of the Board was Robert
Graham: elected a Director in 1872, servhig
for nine years, and again elected in 1893;
chosen Secretary in 1893.
Other members of the Board were Dr.
Thomas J. Beatty, John J. Campbell, Edward
J. Devlin, Charles H. Dwyer, M.D., Robert B.
Gilbert, Cliristian F. Gramlich. Dr. William
MofTet, Charles J. Mullen. William Schmidt,
George Q. Spiel and .Xndrew J. Steif.
THE HEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
A8T0R, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
THfc K&^v iOKK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
■k
Schools of the Eighteenth Section
The boundaries of the Figliteenth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Eighteenth Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Laurel street and
the Delaware River, to Frankfor<l avenue.
Norris street to the Aramingo Canal, to
Lehigh avenue to the Delaware River.
The schools of the Eighteenth Section are
as follows: V'aughan Combined Grammar.
Secondary and Primary School, Marllior-
ough street above Thompson. William H.
McLaughlin, Supervising Principal; Alex-
ander Adaire Combined Grammar. Secondary
and Primary, Palmer street above Thompson.
Sarah A. Gilbert. Supervising Principal; T. K.
Finletter Secondary and Primary, .Montgom-
ery avenue and Gaul street, Eliza Windle,
Principal; Chandler Combined Secondary and
Primary, Montgomery avenue above Rich-
mond street, Mary A. Miller, Supervising
Principal: Douglass Secondaf and Primary,
Edgemont and Huntingdon streets, Hannah
J. Graham, Principal: E<lward Gorgas
Combined Secondary and Primary, Bel-
grade street and East Susquehanna ave-
nue, Clara Bowen, Principal; Primary N'o.
2, 1014 Scliackamaxon street, Maggie \'.
Fisher, Principal: Kindergarten Xo. 1,
Marlborough street above Thompson, Caro-
line P. Broom, Principal: Kindergarten Xo.
2, Montgomery avenue and Gaul street.
Augusta R. Johnson, teacher; Kindergarten
No. 3, Montgomery avenue and Richmond
street, Sallie H. Williams, teacher; Kinder-
garten X'o. 4, Huntingdon and Edgemont
streets, Sarah H. Xewkirk. teacher.
The earliest reconl of a school within the
limits of what is now the Eighteenth Section
was about the year 1S26. when a school for
boys and girls was organized in a building
long known as the "Yellow School-house."
The first teachers were Master Chadwick and
Miss Beechey, In 1832 the building was con-
verted into a cholera hospital, and was sub-
sequently use<l again for school purposes.
The "Yellow School-house" stood on the site
of the pre.sent Vaughan School, which was
built in 1867, and named in honor of a mem-
ber ot an old Kensington family. The present
WILLIAM H. McLaughlin.
Supervising Principal. William H. McLaugh-
lin, is a most able and efficient teacher.
The site of the Alexander A<laire School
was formerly occupied by the Morris School
building, which was opened as a public school
building in 1837. under the principals who
had at first had charge of the school in
the "Yellow School-house." This school was
transferred to the Vaughan building in 1867,
and later the Morris building was torn down
to make way for a new structure, the Alexan-
der Adaire School, which was opened in 1892.
It was named in honor of the father of the
present member of the Board of Public Edu-
cation from the Eifjhteenlh Section.
This is one of the most handsome school
buildings in the city. It was erected at a cost
of nearly $70,000. and was dedicated on Sep-
tember 28. 1892. There are now twenty
classes with an enrollment of over one thou-
sand pupils. The school is under the very
excellent management of Miss Sarah A. Gil-
bert, Supervising Principal.
The Adaire School building is a model in
point of construction, and is fitted up in the
The idea is to give the pupils clearer con-
ceptions of the objects thus represented than
could be gathered from a laborious study of
natural history. These objects are carefully
selected and graded, and the drawing and
coloring are true to nature.
The Chandler school-house was built in
1863. The school had its beginning in the
Sunday school building of the George Chand-
ler Presbyterian Church, on Palmer street.
When it had greatly increased in numbers it
was divided and removed to two other build-
ings, one a rented builcHng on Palmer street
above Richmond, and the other, the Kensing-
ton Hose Company's house, also on Rich-
1. UPPERMAN.
CHARLES !■■ WiCNALL.
most modern and approved style. A notable
feature which this building has in common
with several other of the modern school-
houses consists of wall maps and pictures, an
innovation which has been introduced with
excellent satisfaction. Philadelphia took the
initiative in this mode of decorating the walls
of school buildings. The idea was conceived
by William R, Boswell, a Philadelphia artist,
and has been elaborated by paintings repre-
senting animals and specimens of vegetable
life from all parts of the world, as well as
maps.
mond street. These schools were transferred,
in 1863, to the new Chandler building.
The Finletter School was erected in 1873.
The Gorgas building is the oldest school-
house in the Section. For many years it was
known as the Wood and West Street School,
but in 1884 it was given the present name in
honor of an old Kensington resident.
The Douglass school-house was built in
1865, and named in honor of another well-
known man, Stephen A. Douglass.
The scliools of the Eighteenth Section are
all of a high standard and have the advantage
of being comfortably boused. They are being
THEKSWTOW
PUBLIC LtBHXKT
ASTOR, LENOX iOlO
TUJDEN FOUNDAT10M8
constantly improved, through the unceasing
efforts of the member of the Board of Public
Education from that Section, Alexander
Adaire, who is one of the most earnest work-
ers for the advancement of the public schools
in the City of Philadelphia.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Eighteenth Section, in 1896, was Charles
A. Upperman, a well-known resident of the
ward and an active business man, who has
been a Director for a number of vears.
The Secretary of the Board was Charles F.
Wignall; born in Philadelphia, December 26,
1856; elected a Director in 1895; chosen Sec-
retary in 1895.
Other members of the Board were William
H. Baker, David S. Clunn, Jacob S. Cramp,
Isaac S. Doherty, David K. Gilbert, James
Moonev, Robert M. Paist, Henrv V. Row-
land. Dr. H. L. Sidebothani and John Baker
Tuttle.
« --•■*sf
335
THB HEW YOr-R
pt3BLIC L13RAR^
^««-«r
/
^^^
\ ?-ubuc
aud.
^CiS"""'^
r
THE NEW YORK
PDBUC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AMD
T1LD£N FOUNDATIONS
S. A. DOUGLASS SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL.
Edgcnom and Hunlingdon Sirccii
Eighlcenlh S«tion.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRART
ASTOR, LEHOi AMD
TILDEN FOUNDATIOMB
Schools of the Nineteenth Section
The boundaries of the Nineteenth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Nineteenth Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Frankford avenue
and Norris street, to Oxford, to Sixth, to
Germantown avenue, to Lehigh avenue, to
Kensington avenue, to Front street, to Nor-
ris, to Frankford avenue.
The schools of the Nineteenth Section are
as follows: William H. Hunter Grammar
Kate J. Geisler, Supervising Principal; Wil-
liam F. Miller Combined Secondary and Pri-
mary, Howard street above Diamond, Mary
S. Hearder. Supervising Principal; Megargee
Combined Secondary and Primary, Susque-
hanna avenue and I^wrence street, Anna J,
McKinney, Supervising Principal; William
Adamson Secondary and Primary, Fourth
street below Lehigh avenue, Georgiana Buck-
ley. Supervising Principal ; Cumberland Corn-
School ("for boys), Dau])hin and Mascher
streets, S. E. B. Kinsloe, Principal; Grammar
School for Girls, same building, Sarah J. Key-
ser, Principal; John Welsh Combined Gram-
mar and Secondary, Fourth and Dauphin
streets, Robert J. McLaughlin. Supervising
Principal; Hartranft Combined Secondary
and Primary, Seventh street above York,
MISS SELENA ALLEN.
billed Secondary and Primary. Hancock and
Cumberland streets. Isabella R. Caskey, Su-
pervising Principal; Cohocksink Secondary
School, Fourth street and Montgomery ave-
nue, Annie Lyle, Principal; William H. Hun-
ter Secondary, Mascher and Dauphin streets,
I^aura V. Duncan, Principal: Primary School
No. I, Fourth street and Montgomery ave-
nue, Mary M. Harris, Principal; Primary No.
3. American street above Columbia avenue,
Selena Allen. Principal; Kindergarten No. i,
Howard street above Diamond, Jessie H.
Vache, Principal: Kindergarten K'0.2. Fonrtli
and Dauphin streets, Esther G. Tomkinson,
Teacher: Kindergarten Xo. 3, American
street above Columbia avenue. Miss Emma
Cook, Teacher.
The Megargee building was opened in
1861, and at first contained three schools, one
secondary and two primaries. These schools
were combined in 1894 under the present Su-
pervising Principal. Miss McKinney.
A school-house called the Price School was
built on the site of the present William F.
FREDERICK J. SHOVER
Miller School in 1862, and contained a boys'
and a girls' grammar school and a primary
school. The Principal of the grammar school
was Marmaduke Watson. These schools
were transferred in 1874 to the William H.
Hunter building. an<l in 1894 the old Price
school-house was torn down and the Miller
building erected on the same site. The latter
school was organized in December, 1895. un-
der the present Supervising Principal, Miss
Hearder.
The William H. Hunter School had its
origin in a school that was organized in 1861.
removed to the Price building in 1862, and to
the new building named in honor of William
H. Hunter, a noted teacher, in 1874. The
principals since 1861 have been Marma-
duke Watson. H. Michener and S. E. B.
Kinstoe.
The John Welsh School building was
erected in 1887, and was first occupied in
1889. In 1894 the schools in this building
were combined, with Robert J. McLaughlin
as Supervising Principal.
The Cumberland school-house was built in
1876. In 1894 the secondary and primary
schools in the building were combined, under
HENRY W. SMITH.
the Supervising Principalship of Miss Caskey.
What is now the John F. Hartranft School
was organized in a building on Fifth street
above Huntingdon in 1886, and was removed
to the Hartranft building when the latter was
erected in 1892.
The Adamson school building was erected
in 1880. The secondary and primary schools
in the building were combined in 1894, with
Miss Buckley as Supervising Principal.
The Cohocksink School was formed from
two other schools, one a secondarj".
locate<l on .\merican street above Co-
lumbia avenue. called the Franklin
School, and the other a primary on
Cadwalader street above Columbia avenue.
The Cohocksink building was erected in 1867,
when these schools were transferred thereto.
Miss Annie Lyle was Principal of the second-
ary at that time, and has so continued to the
present day.
Primary No. 3, also called the Franklin
Primary, was organized in 1850. It was for
a time simply a primary school, and after-
ward a secondary and primary were con-
ducted in the same building. In 1867, how-
ever, the secondary was removed to the build-
ing at Fourth street and Montgomery ave-
nue. Miss Selena Allen has been the very able
Principal of the primary for some years past.
Among those who have represented the
Nineteenth Section in the Board of Public
Education were George Cox, James Milligan
and William F. Miller, all deceased, and Dr.
Matthew J. Wilson, the present member of
the Board from the Nineteenth.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Nineteenth Section in 1896 was Fred-
erick J. Shoyer; born in Philadelphia, Sep-
tember 23, 1868; elected a Director in 1892;
chosen President in 1895.
The Secretary of the Board was Henry W.
Smith; born in Philadelphia, May 29, 1857;
elected a Director in 1885; chosen Secretary
in 1888.
Charles J. Buchner w^as born in Germany,
July I, 1838; elected a Director in 1895.
Robert Drummond was born in Philadel-
phia, April 7, 1850; elected a Director in 1895.
Dr. Harvey J. Fiet was born in Allentown,
Pa., June 10, 1869; elected a Director in 1894.
John Harper was born in Ireland, Decem-
ber 28, 1845; elected a Director in 1895.
Dr. William Peacock was born in Camden,
N. J., October 1 1, 1858; elected a Director in
1896.
. William H. Walter w^as born in Philadel-
phia, June 26r, i860; elected a Director on
September iB>i895.
Other members of the Board were J. Ben-
jamin Miller, Albert Bechtold, James C. Big-
ley and Robert Culbert.
35«
J ^QYS
lis
HE^ tORK
P^BUK
'UBB^«^
jjBI^OX
jjHD,
^^iS5i»£»
I" J s
if
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Schools of the Twentieth Section
The boundaries of the Twentieth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises tlie
Twentieth Section of the First School Dis-
trict of Pennsylvania, are Broad and Poplar
streets, to Sixth street, to Sustjuehanna
avenue, to Eleventh street, to Montgonierv
avenue, to Broad street, to Poplar street.
The schools of the Twentieth Section arc
as follows: Park .Avenue (iraminar School
<^for boys). Park avennc below Master street,
Cordery Supervising Principal; Daniel Web-
ster Combined Secondary and Primary
School, Eleventh street below Thompson,
Amelia J. Allen, Principal; Secondary School
No. I, Eighth and Thompson streets, Emma
J. Cossart. Principal; Secondary School No,
2, Franklin and Norris streets, Ella Kucher,
Principal; Secondary School No. 3. same
building, Laura Macintosh. Principal; Pri-
marv School No. 1 , Park avenue below Web-
M. WEBSTER MVERS.
J. Morton Tliomas. A. M., Principal: Gram-
mar School for girls, same building, M. Annie
Todd, Principal; Kiilledge Grammar School
(for boys), Seventh and Norris streets, Har-
rison Walton, Principal: Grammar School
for giris, same buildinfj, Sarah L. Rumble,
Principal; James Lyiul Combined Grammar,
Secondary and Primary School, Twelfth
street above Columbia avenue, Deborah L.
ster, Annie H. Snyder. Principal; Primary
Schools Xos. 2 and 3 (consolidated), Mervine
street above Jefferson, Hester J. Neely, Prin-
cipal: Primary School No. 4. Eighth and
Thompson streets. Laura Kramer, Principal;
Primary School No. 5, Ninth street above
Montgomery avenue, Elizabeth Knipe, Prin-
cipal: Primary School No. 6, same building,
Mary L Keeler, Principal; Kindergarten No,
I, Franklin and Master streets. Augusta
Stevens, teacher; Kindergarten No. 2,T\velfth
street and Montgomery avenue, Ella F.
Adair, teacher; Kindergarten No. 3, Eightli
and Thompson streets, Mary L. Lodor.
teacher; Kindergarten No, 4, 1 752 North
Twelfth street; Kindergarten No. 5, Seventh
and Berks streets, Mary M. Knipe, teacher.
The Park Avenue School building was
erected in 1864 and was originally called the
Mary Street School. In it were placed pupils
from the old Penn Grammar School, at
Eighth and Thompson streets, which was a
much older school, and was converted into a
secondary when the Park .Avenue School was
fidly pas.sed the first examination held in
Philadelphia for the supervising principal's
certificate.
Among the ohlest schools in the Section
are the primary on Mervine street and that
at Ninth street and Montgomery avenue.
The Webster School was organized only a
few years ago, the first Principal being Miss
Elizabeth Lodor, and the second Miss Allen.
The following are among those who have
represented the Twentieth Section in the
Board of Public Education: William C.
Haines, Henry C. Hickok, Robert J. Leh-
man, William V. Colladay, Judge Joseph C.
Ferguson anil Thomas E. Merchant.
MISS DEBORAH L. CORDERV.
organized. The Rutledge School was at that
time a consolidated school, under the Princi-
palship of J. Morton Thomas, and the latter
was transferred to the head of the new school.
Harrison Walton succeeded Mr. Thomas a:>
Principal of the Rutledge School.
The largest school in the Section is the
James Lynd, named in honor of Ju<lge Lyn<l.
It was opened in 1877 and in it were placed
the pupils of the Warnock School, located on
Warnock street above Oxford, which had
been organized ten years previous. Miss
Cordery was the Principal of the school until
it was combined, when she was elected Super-
vising Principal. She attended and success-
WILLIAM H. BUCK.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twentieth Section in 1896 was William
C. Haines; born in Philadelphia, January 13,
1828; elected a Director in 1857; chosen
President in 1S68; was a member of the Board
of Public Education from 1864 to 1868.
The Secretary of the Board was M. Webster
Myers; born in Philadelphia, December 11.
1841: electe<l a Director in 1892; chosen Sec-
retary in 1893,
William H. Buck was born in Montgomery
County, Pa„ November 19, 1834; elected a
Director in 1867.
I'ARK AVENUE GRAMMAR SCHOOL,
1'
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIB&ARY '
ASTOf<, LENOX AMD
TIU^fiM F0VMDAT10M8
K It
Walter S. Ridgway was born in Philadel- rector in 1894; is a daughter of Thomas A.
phia, February' 22, 1848; elected a Director in Grace, of the Board of Public Education.
1892. David Simpson Smith was born in Phila-
Mrs. Llewellyn A. Sawyer was born in delphia, June 16, 1861; elected a Director in
Philadelphia, January 10, 1848; elected a Di- 1896.
361
THE HBW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
R
^fts
DANIEL WE[i>TKK COMBINED SECONUARV
THS HEW rORX
PUBLIC UliRART
A8T0R, LENOX AMD
TILDXM FOVMOATiem
K I.
1
RUTLEDGE GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
North wm eomH Siveolh and NoitEs SirtcH
Twealiclh Stction.
y- HE NE>W YORK
^^n^o LENOX A»5^
Schools of the Twenty =first Section
le boundaries of the Twenty-first Ward
le City of Pliiladelphia. wliich comprises
Twenty-first Section of the First School
rict of Pennsylvania, are School lane and
ichiiylkill River: School lane to Township
to Connty line, to the Schnylkill River,
le schools of the Twenty-first Section are
follows: Manayunk Grammar School,
:n lane helow Wood street. Manayunk,
ert T. Mnr])hy, Principal; Fairview Com-
d Grannnar Secondary and Primary,
layunk avenne helow Green lane, Mana-
c, Emma B. Biidd, Supervising Principal;
hington Coml>incd Secondary and Pri-
y, Shnr's lane ahove Cresson street, and
je avenue and Kalos street ("two build-
), Retta H. Thompson. Supervising Prin-
i; Schuvlkill Combined Secondary and
Primary, Washington street below Jefferson.
Manayunk, Catharine C, Conway, Supervis-
ing Principal; Levering Consolidated School,
Ridge avenue and Martin street, Rox-
borough, Emma V. Thomas, Principal;
Andora Consolidated School, Shawmont
avenue, west of Ridge avenue, Matilda J.
Chambers, Principal; Alfred Crease Second-
ary, Wissaliickon avenue and Walnut lane,
Mary A. Conway, Principal; Manatawna
Secondary School, Ridge avenue between
Ninth and Tenth Mile Stones, M. Louisa
Harper, Principal ; Manayunk Primary School,
Green lane below Wood street, Laura A. Hull,
Principal; Roxborough Primary School,
Ridge and Parker's avenues, Martha Woerner,
Principal; Kindergarten No. i, Wissahickon
avenue above West Walnut lane, Amy Olive
Lewis, teacher; Kindergarten \o. z. Green
lane, Manayunk, Mary J. Kurtz, teacher.
One of the most interesting schools from an
historical standpoint in the City of Philadel-
phia is the Levering School.* When Rox-
borough was first settled there was no school
of any kind nearer than Germantown. In
1748, however, William Levering and
Hannah, his wife, conveyed a lot of land to
seven trustees for school purposes. The lot
was the one on which the present Levering
public school stands.
A school-house was soon built on this
piece of ground. It was a small one-story
stone building and in it the rudiments were
taught.
•Forlhe facts herein contained regarding this old school,
the author is indebted to Mrs. Emma V. Thomas, who, a few
years ago, prepared an exhaustive historical sketch of the
Thenumberof pupils increased year by year,
and in 1771 additional land was donated by
Andrew Wood and Elizabeth, his wife, south
of the first lot. William and Hannah Lever-
ing also donated additional land to the north.
In 1798-9 the school-house was enlarged and
an adjoining building was erected to accom-
modate a resident teacher and his family.
It has been impossible to ascertain the
names of the earliest teachers. The first per-
sons named in the record were a Mr. Sefton
and a Mr. Broderick. Another of the early
teachers was Mathias Maris, a nephew of
William Levering. Among the subsecpient
teachers were John Holgatc, John Righter,
Joseph Dickinson, Thomas (jrant, Curtis ( Al-
bert, Tilman Culp, James Satterson, Joseph
H. Hoffman, Frank Boutcher and Mary V\
Garner.
The Lancasterian system was adopted in
1818 and continued for only one year, when
a return was made to the former methods of
instruction.
In 1 82 1 the school was incori)orate(l. Prior
to 1840 the teachers were paid by the parents
of the pupils, although indigent children were
taken free of cost, at the expense of the
count V.
By an Act of .Vssembly, approved April 17,
1846, the school directors of Roxborough were
empowered to perform all the duties j)revi-
ously performed by the trustees of the school.
Further legislation, in 1854, vested the powers
of trustees in the trustees of the Roxborough
Lyceum, and in 1857 the school-house and
property was vested in the City of Philadel-
phia, to hold in trust for school purposes.
A new edifice was erected in 1857.
The old building had not only been us d as
a school, but for numerous other purposes.
Elections had been held in it, it having been
for some years the only public l.uiilding in
Roxborough. It had also been used for relig-
ious services before the Roxborough Bai)tist
Church was built, and when that structure
was burned down. During the Revolution-
arv War, when orders came for drafting of
men, the citizens assembled in the school-
house to enroll themselves for service.
In 1861 the school appeared on the record?
as the Levering Unclassified and Levering
Primary School. In 1864 the name of the
Levering Unclassified School was changed to
Levering Con.solidated School, the name by
which it has been known ever since, and in
1868 this school and the primary' were con-
solidated as one school.
Mrs. Emma \'. Thomas, the present Super-
vising Principal, was elected in September.
1886, and is one of the most capable and pro-
gressive of Philadelphia's teachers.
In 1896 the present building of the Lever-
ing school was completed on the site of the
historic edifice.
The second oldest school in the Section is
the Roxborough Primary School, which cele-
brated its semi-centennial, December 22,
1896. It was for many years a grammar
school and was at one time called the Dickin-
son Grammar School, in honor of an old resi-
dent and former school director in Roxbor-
ough.
The old colonial style school-house, still
standing, was erected in 1846, and bears the
inscription: ''Roxborough Public School
Sixth Section, First District, of Penna., 1846."
The school was organized some time during
that year, but the records are meagre os to
its earlv historv.
William H. Hunter was the first Principal
of the granmiar department, with Miss Mar-
garet M. Morrison as his assistant, while
Miss Catharine Worrell was the first Princi-
l)al of the primary department, with Miss
Eliza E. Stott as assistant.
There have been numerous changes in the
school, it being now a primary. From it
have gone some of the best known cit-
izens of Roxborough, and some who have
won distinction elsewhere. Among the grad-
uates is Andrew J. Morrison, Assistant Su-
perintendent of Public Schools.
The building in which the Manayunk Pri-
mary School is located was erected in 1845,
370
i occupied by ilie Manayunk Gram-
hool until a new school-house was
1893, to which the grammar depart-
as removed.
Maiiatawna School building was
in 1 85 1, and for many years con-
, grammar school. Being at the ex-
nd of the Section, it has rapidly de-
in numbers, and has been reduced to
division.
■Vashington School is located in two
;s. one called the W'issahickon and
;r the Shur's Lane School. The latter
Sr., John J. Thomas, Charles Thomson Jones
and William H. Lewis. Edward T. Steel rep-
resented the Section in the Board of Public
Education for manv years. Rudolph S. Wal-
ton is now the member from the Twenty-first
Section. Among the prominent ex-Di-
rectors who are still living are Joseph M.
Adams, William F. Dixon, Josiah Linton,
Howard J\I. Levering, Magistrate Maurice F,
Williere, A. Elwood Jones and L, M. Jones.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors oi
the Twenty-first Section in 1896 was Wil-
■ was erected in 1854, and the Wissa-
ichool-house was built in 1888. The
school building was erected in 1870.
Fairvicw in T878.
er Directors of the Twenty-first Sec-
iwere particularly prominent and who
' decease<l, include Josenh TI, Hoff-
fre<l Crease, II, X. Cbler. M, D.. Wil-
Tfill, David T. Trites. M. D.. James B.
ny, John 11. Moyer, John Markle.
Davis. Iienjamin Scliofield. William
, .Antlumy I >, Levering, X. L. Jones,
Ham Ring: born in Chester County, Pa.,
April 4, 1830; elected a Director in 1871 ; was
President of the Board. 1874-8, and again
elected President in 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was Levi C.
Hart; born in Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia,
February 5, 1851 ; elected a Director in 1889;
chosen Secretary in 1894; is Crier in the
Court of Quarter Sessions No. i.
Other members of the Board were Harry
Gill, Isaiah T. Ryan, Johnson Hughes, John
J. Foran, John ^\'. Dodgson, John H. Mur-
ray, Dr. C. A. Frame, Andrew Flanagan, John
J. Foulkrod and James L Cooke.
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THE NE''J? YOnK
PUBLIC LIBRART
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THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TlLDENFOUNDATlOMi
n
\
A»B
Schools of the Twenty=second Section
boundaries of the Twenty-second
)f the City of Philadelphia, which coni-
he Twenty-second Section of the First
District of Pennsylvania, are Coiintv
^ ' ml
ad, on the northeast and northwest;
ickon and Roberts avenues on the
est and Wingohocking and Tacony
on the south and southeast,
schools of the Twentv-second Section
ollows: Gerniantown Combined Gram-
scondarv and Priniarv School, Adams
fayette streets, Gerniantown, William
ihold. Supervising Principal; German-
girls' Grammar School, Rittenhouse
Gerniantown, Anna M. Smith, Prin-
oseph C. Gilbert Consolidated School,
'-ninth street and Highland avenue,
ut Hill, Henry C. Payne, Principal;
rv Consolidated School, Allen's lane,
ry, Milton C. Cooper, Principal; F. D.
us Consolidated School, Woodbine
and Sprague street, Gerniantown,
Burns, Principal; Olney Consolidated
, Tabor street, Olney, William H.
1, Principal; Elwood Consolidated
Oak lane, near Old York road,
: W. Bickel, Principal; Morton Con-
,*d School, Green lane, Branchtown,
B. Clanipitt, Principal; Crescent Con-
id School, Adams street near Second,
itville, Elizabeth J. Rook, teacher;
id Consolidated School, Rowlandville,
L. MacMillan, teacher; Feltonville
dated School, Second street and
s lane. Feltonville, Anna M. Duncan,
al; Central Combined Secondary and
V', Centre street above Evans, Ger-
vn, May R. Caroland, Supervising
Principal; Daniel L. Keyser Secondary and
Primary School, Morris and Coulter streets,
Kate W. Shaflfer, Principal; C. W. Schaeffer
Combined Secondary and Primary School,
Gerniantown and Wyoming avenues, Willis
N. Parker, Supervising Principal; Andrew G.
Curtin Secondary School, Musgrove and
Horter streets, Letty W. Shourds, Principal:
Joseph E. Hill Secondary School (colored).
Price street, Germantown, Miranda C. Ven-
ning, Principal; Logan Secondary and Pri-
mar}\ Fishpr's lane near Logan Station,
Hester J. Bickley, Principal; Carpenter Sec-
ondary and Primary, Green and Carpenter
; Streets; Margaret D. Bockius, Principal;
^Bringhurst Primary School, Bringhurst
street, Gerniantown, Elizabeth J. Hemphill,
Principal; Pittville Primary and Secondary
School, Haines street near Limekiln pike,
Elizabeth H. Mears, Principal; Andrew G.
Curtin Primary School, Musgrove and
Horter streets; Coulter Street Primary
School (colored), Coulter street near Mor-
ris, Germantown, Isabel T. Woodson,
Principal; Kindergarten No. i, Pulaski
avenue and Coulter street, Germantown,
May L Wright, Principal; Kindergar-
ten No. 2, Morton street above Haines, Ger-
mantown, Mary Beatty, teacher; Kindergar-
ten No. 3, Centre street above Evans, Elsie
M. Johnson, teacher; Kindergarten No. 4,
No. 38 Bringhurst street, Germantown,
Mabel R. Simms, Principal; Kindergarten
No. 5, Allen's lane, Mt. Airy, Ida D. Potts,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 6, Price street,
Germantown, Julia E. Nutter, teacher; Kin-
dergarten No. 7, Twenty-first and Mill
streets, Lillian Myrtle Clarke, teacher;
385
Kindergarten No. 8, Twenty-ninth street ami
Highland aveinie. Chestnnt Hill, Sue C.
Leniley, teacher; Franklin Kindergarten Xo.
9, Cluirch street. S. Ida Walker, rrindpal.
The largest and most important school in
the Twenty-second Section is theGerinantown
Combined Grammar. Secondary and Primary
School, the building of which was erected in
1875. For a nnmber of years, up to ihc
simimer of 1896, James Monroe Willard.
who is now at the head of the Xortlica-^l
Manual Training School, was the Princi]>al,
and under his most excellent mana,a;emeni it
maintained its very high standard. in-
cluded in the corps of teachers are some of
Schools, located on Cottage street. The
])resent Imilding was erected in 1871 and tht
Harmony Schools became the Chestnut Hill
Consolidate*! School. The name has recenilv
lieen changed and it is now the Joseph C. Gil-
bert School.
The Mt. Airy School, the buildino^ of which
was erected in 1872, was in e.vistcuce at tlic
time of consolidation, under the name of the
West Unclassified School. Among the other
schools of the Section which date back to w
before the time of consolidation are the
dhicy, Fhvood, Morton Consolidated. Cre-;-
oent. Rowland. Feltonville and Bringhurst.
VILUAM H. AKNHdLD.
OSCAR NEWTON MIDDLETON.
the best to be fouu<l in the city and the
school is noted for its thoroughness in work
and its excellent discipline. Mr. W'illanl was
succeeded by William H. .\rnhold. formerly
Principal of the F. D. Pastorias School.
The Germantown tiirls' (irannnar School
was in existence at the time of consolida-
tion, and in the same buihlitig was the boys'
grammar school, since removed to the Adain--
and Lafayette streets Iniililins;.
licfore the j<isepb C. Gilbert Consolidated
School was built there were schools in (.'lios;-
nnl 1 lill called the Harmony (irammnr
In the building in which Primary N'o. 7 i^
located, a school known as the SpencC
Roberts School was organized in 1874. Tli^
Pittville I'rimary School was organized i''
1S75. The Central Combined School, Mis=^
Caroland, Principal, was orgatiized soon afte*'
consolidation.
I'.OARI) OF DIRFCTORS.
rile iVesidcut of the Board of Directors o *
tlie '!~wcniy-second Section in 189(1 was Wil-^
liani I). Kinsler:boniin Pluladelphia. in 1838 -
pi
■ I g
"riii'SiiSS
P13BUC
UBRi^Wf
LtHOX
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elected a Director in 1870; chosen President
in 1880.
The Secretary of the Board was Oscar
Newton Middleton; born in Philadelphia.
August 3. 1863: elected a Director in 1891;
chosen secretary in 1892.
George H. Bickley was born in Montgom-
5r>" County, September 20, 1830; elected a
Director in 1874.
Thomas Meehan was bom in England,
March 21, 1826; elected a Director in 1879:
has been a member of Common Council since
1882.
Other members of the Board were Eli
Rorer, William G. Carroll, Howard E. Finley,
Davis Jarvis, John McNeil, Charles H.
Tophaiti, John S. Warner and Samuel
Wood.
389
THE NEW YOr.K
PUBUC LI3RARY
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THE NEW YORI
PDBUC IIBRIBY
Schools of the Twenty=third Section
The boundaries of the Twenty-third Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Twenty-third Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Frankford
Creek, Castor road, Dark Run lane and the
Delaware River.
The schools of the Twenty-third Section
are as follows: Marshall Grammar School,
Franklin and Sellers streets, Charles A.
Singer, Principal; Alexander Henry Com-
bined School. Paul and Unitv streets, Lnrana
Church. Frankford. Margaret P. Sinnott,
Principal; Henrj' Herbert Primary School
No. 2. Frankford avenne below Foulkrod
street, M. Clara Markle, Principal; Mary
J. Pfenning, Principal: Henry Herbert
Primary School No. i , Frankford ave-
nue below Foulkrod street. Susan B.
Wright, Principal; \\'ilmot Consolidated
School(colored), Meadowand Cherry streets,
William H. Cooper, Principal: Kindergarten
J. Williamson, Supervising Principal: White
Hail Secondary and Primary, Tacony road
and Pratt street. Whitehall, Sarah O'Con-
nor, Principal; James Seddon Secondary,
Hedge and Brown streets. Isabella M.
Otter, Principal: Henry Herbert Sec-
ondary, Frankford avenne below Foulk-
rod street, Rebecca T. Shallcross, Principal;
Decatur Primary, Orchard street below
No. I. Franklin and Sellers streets. Bertha C.
Wright, Teacher: Kindergarten No. 2, same
building, Emma L. Morris, Teacher; Kinder-
garten No. 3, Tacony road and Pratt street,
Mary A. Vanhorn, Teacher; Kindergarten
No. 4, Franklin and Ruan streets, Annie L.
Gilbert, Teacher: Kindergarten No. 5, Frank-
ford avenue and Foulkrod street, Maggie M.
Aitken, Teacher.
The tir-t •rh'i'i] In iheTvienty-tliini Sfccti'jii
'ri 'Ahich there i-^ anj- reconl iva^ in a 'Utall
*l'.ne injiMiiiK a*, the rorier of Simny aii'l
\\'a!n itreei-, Frankt'.r<l, the I'liinU for the
ere<rti<>n'»i which were -tili-criheil hy resi'lents
in ihat viriniii. The titiiMintf was erecteil in
i~fi*. an'l the proiierty ua- hthl by a lioar'l
of tni-tcci. There were a titiniher of other
sch'Xjl- )irior to the e-tal>!i-linieiit of the piil)-
hr -rh<Kil sy-itcin.lo the hi-toryof which much
intere-^i attache-..
The fir-t piihlic nchofd litiihiiii^ in the Sec-
tion wa- the Marshall Schiml. which was
erecteil in 1S40. ant] named in honor of the
late ( hief Justice John Marshall. The l)e-
iJiirin;; the last hah' century- the following
have represente'l the Section in the Board of
I'nldic Eiliication: John Foulkrod, Jacob
Shearer. I'aul K. Hiibb>. Henry Herbert. Ed-
ward <;. Lee. Thomas W. Duffield. William
H. Flitcraft. William (". Cran>. Nathan Hil-
les. John (j. Brenner. Samuel W'akeling and
l<ichar<is«jn L. Wright.
The >chools of the Twenty-third Section
arc all of a high standaril. The present mem-
her of the Board of Public Education, Mr.
Wright, is very thoroughly alive to the needs
of his Section, ami takes a most active and
practical interest in the schools.
calur School- was given its name in remem-
brance of Citmmodore Stephen Decatur, who
received his early education in the Frankford
.schools. Henry Herbert, after whom an-
other school was named, represented the Sec-
tion f(»r many years in the Hoard of Public
lulucalion. The Meadow and Cherry streets
building was named in honor of I)avi<l W'il-
mot. the eminent statesman, and author of
the famous -W'ilmot Proviso.''
The Alexander llcnry School lUiililing,
which was dcdicatci! in 1871), was name<l in
Ixmor of the cily's chief executive during tno
pei-iod of the Civil War. whn was considered
a model mayor and was a highiy-csleenied
BO.ARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors 0 :=^
the Twenty-third Section in 1896 was Frank— —
lin Smedley: born in Frankford; elected a Di — ^
rector in 1885: chosen President in 1891.
Tile Secretary of the Board was William -*
Wells .\xe; born in Gerniantown. December
6, 1833: elected a Director in 1866: chosen
secretary in 1874.
Other niend)ers of the Board were Frank-
lin D. Brown. Mathias Coats, Thomas
Crcighton. Joseph I'. Deal, Daniel R. Green-
wood. William H. Hunter. Michael Quirk.
Harvey Rowlanil. Jr.; John Shaltcross anil
Theodore M. Wils.m.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
A*W!^ LENOX AND
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Schools of the Twenty=fourth Section
'i'he hoLindaries of tlie Tweiity-fourtli Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Twenty-fourth Section of the First
School District of Pennsylvania, are the
Scluiylkill River. Market street. Meadow,
Haverford. Forty-fonrth street. Hehiioiit ave-
nue and City avenue.
The schools of the Twenty-fonrlh Section
are as follows: E. S|)encer Miller Comhined
Grammar. Secondary and Primary School,
Forty-third and Ofjden streets, Jacoh H.
Sides, Supervising Principal: Belmont Com-
bined Grammar. Secondary and Primary,
Forty-first and Brown streets. Sarah H. Wil-
son, Supervising Principal; Morton Mc-
Michael Combined Grammar and Secondary.
Thirty-fifth street and Fairmount avenue,
Ellen G. Abernethy. Supervising Principal:
Haverford Combined Secondary and Pri-
mary. HaverfonI street above Thirty-fifth,
Sue A. Gaskilt. Supervising T'rincipal; Joseph
Leidy Secondary an<i Primary, Forty-third
and Jefferson streets, Elizabeth D. Bamdol-
lar. Principal: Warren Secondary and Pri-
mary, Thirty-eighth street below Warren.
Laura J. Ashmore, Principal: Astenville Sec-
on<lary and Primary. Ford road below Monu-
ment road. R. M. McCarroll, teacher: Mantua
Primary No. i. Thirty-eighth and Mt. Ver-
non streets. Elizabeth U. Cnlbertson. Prin-
cipal; Mantua Primary No. 2, same building,
Mary E. Lane. Principal: Kindergarten No.
I. Forty-third and Jefferson streets. Sophie
E. Burgess, teacher: Kindergarten No. 2,
Haverford street above Thirty-fifth, Beatrice
I]. Borst. Principal; Kin<lergarten No. 3.
Fortieth and Warren streets. Violet May
Mackenzie, teacher; Kindergarten No. 4, Ida
I. Donecker. Principal: Kindergarten No. 5,
Thirty-eighth and \\'arren streets, Marie D.
Sterr, teacher.
The first granunar school in the Section
was opened in the Belmont building, on
March 1, 1S69. The first Principal of the
boys' dqiartment was Jacob H. Sides, and
Miss Mary F. Garner was at the head of the
girls' school. Tbe Iv Spencer Miller build-
JACOB H. SIDES.
ing was erected in 1887, and the following
year the boys* department of the Belmont
School was transferred to the new building,
the Belmont School being reorganized as a
girls' school. Both schools were placed un-
der supervision in 1892.
When the boys' department was trans-
ferred Professor Sides became Principal of the
E. Spencer Miller School, and when the
schools in that building were combined he
TBB NEW TOBl
PUBUC LIBM&r
•
Schools of the Twenty=third Section
The boundaries of the Twenty-third Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Twenty-third Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Frankford
Creek, Castor road, Dark Run lane and the
Delaware River.
The schools of the Twenty-third Section
are as follows: Marshall Grammar School,
Franklin and Sellers streets, Charles A.
Singer, Principal: Alexander Henry Com-
bined School, Paul and Unitv streets, Lurana
Church, Frankford. Margaret P. Sinnott,
Principal ; Henry Herbert Primary School
No. 2, Frankford avenue below Foulkrod
street, M. Clara Markle. Principal; Mary
J, Pfenning, Principal; Henry Herbert
Primary School No. i, Frankford ave-
nue below Foulkrod street, Susan B.
Wright, Principal; \\'ilmot Consolidated
School(colore(l), Meadowand Cherry streets,
William H. Cooper, Principal: Kindergarten
ALEXANDER HENRV.
J. WilHamson, Supervising Principal; While
Hall Secondary and Primary, Tacony road
and Pratt street, Whitehall, Sarah O'Con-
nor, Principal; James Seddon Secondary,
Hedge and Brown streets, Isabella M.
Otter, Principal; Henry Herbert Sec-
ondary, Frankford avenue below Foulk-
rod street, Rebecca T. Shallcross, Principal;
Decatur Primary. Orchard street below
No. I. Franklin and Sellers streets. Bertha C.
Wright, Teacher: Kindergarten No. 2, saiue
building, Emma L. Morris, Teacher; Kinder-
garten No. 3, Tacony road and Pratt street,
Mary A. \'anhorn. Teacher: Kindergarten
No. 4, Franklin and Ruan streets, Annie L.
Gilbert, Teacher; Kindergarten No. 5. Frank-
ford avenue and Foulkrod street, Maggie M.
Aitken, Teacher.
The first scliool in the Twenty-third Section
of which there is any record was in a smalt
stone building at the cor:ier of Spring and
Wain streets. Frankford, the fnnds for the
erectinnof which were snhscnbed by resitients
in that vicinity. The bnildinjj was erected in
1768. and the property w;is held by a board
of trnstees. There were a number of other
schools prior to the establishment of the pub-
lic school system, to the history of wliich much
interest attaches.
The first public school building in the Sec-
tion was the Marshall School, which was
erected in 1840, and named in honor of the
late Chief Justice John Marshall. The l)e-
FR.'iNKLlN SMEDLF.V,
catur School, was given its name in remem-
brance of Commodore Stephen Decatur, who
received his early education in the Frankford
schools. Henr\' Herbert, after whom an-
other school was n.imed, represented the Sec-
tion for many years in the Roard of Public
F.ducation. The Meadow and Cherry streets
building was named in honor of David W'il-
mot, the eminent statesman, and author of
the famous "Wihiiot I'roviso."
The Alexander Henry School Building,
which was dedicated in 1870, was named in
honor of the city's chief executive during tlio
period of the Civil War, who was considered
a model mayor and was ;i highly-esteemed
During the last half century the following
have represented the Section in the Board of
Public P'ducation: John Foulkrod, Jacob
Shearer. Paul K. Hnbbs. Henry Herbert. Ed-
ward C Lee, Thomas \\'. Duftield. William
H. Flitcraft, William C. Crans. Xathan Hil-
les, John (i. Hrenner. Samuel Wakeling and
Richardson L. Wright.
The schools of the Twenty-third Section
are all of a high standard. The present mem-
ber of the Board of Pubhc Education, Mr.
Wright, is very thoroughly alive to the needs
of bis Section, and takes a most active and
practical interest in the schools.
LLIAM WELLS AXE.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-third Section in 1896 was Frank-
lin Smedley; born in Frankford; elected a Di-
rector in 1885: chosen President in 1891.
The Secretary of the Board was William
Wells .\xe: born in (Icrmantown, December
(>. 183^: elected :i Director in i86f>: chosen
secretary m 1874.
Other members of the Board were F>ank-
lin D. Brown. Mathias Coats. Thomas
Crcighton, Joseph P, Deal. Daniel R. Green-
wood. William 1 1. Hunter. Michael Quirk.
Harvey Rowland, Jr.: John Shallcrosr ami
Theodore M. Wilsnn,
THE NEW YORK
POBUC LIBRARY
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■ c-
Schools of the Twenty=fourth Section
ouinlaries of the Twenty-fourth Ward
'ity of Philadelphia, which comprises
.enty-foiirth Section of the First
District of Pennsylvania, are the
ill River, Market street. Meadow,
rd. Forty-fourth street, Belmont ave-
City avenue.
ciiools of the Twenty-fourth Section
ollows: E. Spencer Miller Combined
ir. Secon<lary and Primary School,
lird and Ogden streets. Jacob H.
■upervising Principal; Belmont Com-
jranmiar. Secondary and Primary,
rst and Brown streets, Sarah H. Wit-
ipervisinf]^ Principal: Morton ^Ic-
Combined (irammar and Secondary.
Hth .street and Fairmounl avenue,
I. Abeniethy, Sujjervising I'rincipal:
■rd Combined Secondary and Pri-
laverford street above Thirty-fifth,
.jaskill. Supervising Principal; Joseph
'Ccondary and Primary, Forty-third
erson streets. Elizabeth D. Barndol-
ncipal; Warren Secon<lary and Pri-
Ihirty-eightli street below Warren,
. Ashmore. Principal; .\stenville Sec-
uid Primary. Ford road below Monu-
id. R. M, McCarroll, teacher: Mantua
No. 1. Thirty-eighth and Mt. Ver-
eets, Elizabeth D. Culbertson. Prin-
antua Primary \o. 2, ."^ame building,
. Lane, Principal; Kindergarten \o.
.■-third and Jefferson streets, Sophie
jess, teacher; Kindergarten No. 2,
rd street above Thirty-fifth, Beatrice
St, Principal: Kindergarten No. 3,
1 and Warren streets. Violet Mav
Mackenzie, teacher; Kindergarten Ko. 4. Ida
I. Donecker, Principal; Kindergarten No. 5,
Thirty-eighth and Warren streets. Marie D.
St err. teacher.
The first grannnar school in the Section
was opene{l in the Belmont building, on
March 1. 1869. The first Principal of the
hoys* dq>artment was Jacob H. Sides, and
Miss Mary F. Garner was at the head of the
girls' school. The K. Spencer Miller huild-
JACOB H. SIDES.
ing was erected in 1887, and the following
year the hoys' department of the Belmont
School was transferred to the new building,
the Belmont School being reorganized as a
girls" school. Both schools were placed un-
der supervision in 1892.
When the boys' department was trans-
ferred Professor Sides became Principal of the
E. Spencer Miller School, and when the
schools in that building were combined he
was elected Supervising Principal. He has
been connected with the public schools in
West Philadelphia since March, 1857. and is
one of the most efficient Principals in PJiila-
delphia. Combining the observations of a
long experience with progressive ideas and
common-sense principles, he has been suc-
cessful in building up one of the best schools,
not only in West Philadelphia, but in the
entire city; one noted for its excellence along
every Hue of public school work. While he
is no longer a young man, he is as hale and
vigorous as he ever was. and is ably support-
ing his excellent record by liis capable man-
agement of the E. Spencer Miller School.
1876, and in 1890 the schools in it were com-
bined as the Haverford School. Miss Aber-
nethy was elected Supervising Principal, and
was succeeded, in 1892, by Miss Gaskill, the
present incumbent.
Three grammar classes were removed from
the E. Spencer Miller School to the Haver-
ford building in 1894, to relieve the crowded
condition of the former, but the organization
of the Haverford School was left unaltered.
The Warren building was erected in 1873,
and the school was organized January 1,1874.
with one secondary department and two pri-
maries. The three were combined in 1895.
CHARLES H, CLARKE,
CHARLES FRANKLIN SCULL.
Tlie Belmont School is another very large
school, and is ably coiulncted liy Miss Sarah
H. Wilson, who has been Principal and Su-
pervising Principal since iSSfi.
The Morton McMichael School was organ-
ized in March, 189J, as a girls' grammar and
secondary school, the first pupils being trans-
ferred from the Belmont and Haverford
Schools. Miss Abernetiiy was elected Super-
vising Principal. The building was dedicated
in February. 1892.
The Haverford School grew out of the old
Mantua School, which was organized ov'er 60
years ago. A new building was erected in
The preseTit building of the Astenville
School was erected in 1847, but the history
of the scliool dates back much further. Pre-
vious to the erection of this building the
school was housed in a frame structure at the
intersection of Mnnunienl. Ford and Fa'ls
roads, and was called, from its locality, the
"Five Points Scliool." It occupied a part of
a large tract of land, owned by the ,\ston
family, by whom the lot on which the present
building stands was donated. When the lat-
ter was built the old frame school house was
moved to an adjoining lot, and is now occu-
pied as a dwelling house.
The present Iniilding of the Mantua Pri-
mary School was erected in 1872, but the
school was organized several years previous.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-fourth Section in 1896 was
Charles H. Clarke; elected a Director in 1893:
chosen President in 1896.
The Secretarv of the Board was Charles
Franklin Scull; born in Columbia, X. J., in
1 8^6; elected a Director in i8qo, for one
term, and again in 1896; chosen Secretary in
1896.
Rev. John Brooks was born in England,
November 28, 1847; elected a Director in
1 894.
Charles E. Graves was born in Watertown,
X. v.. May 24, 1836; elected a Director in
1891.
Other members of the Board were John J.
Dalv, William Hammerslev, Lafavette Hor-
ter. Dr. William B. Jameson, Dr. William G.
Leaman, Thomas McCullough. Dr. A. H. C.
Rowland and Millard D. Wimer.
-^.^^ ..
I-' •
409
THE NEW YORK '"'
?TJBUC LIBRARY
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THE HEV; YORK
PUBUC LIBRAW
Schools of the Twenty=fifth Section
The boundaries of the Twenty-fifth Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Twenty-fifth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Lehigh avenue.
Kensington avenue, the Delaware River and
Frankford Creek.
The schools of the Twenty-fifth Section
are as follows: John H. Webster Grammiir
School, Frankford avenue and Ontario street.
Supervising Principal; Bridesburg Combined
Grammar, Secondary and Primary School,
Richmond and Jenks streets. Bridesburg, T.
Worcester Worrell, Supervising Principal;
Sherman Combined Secondary and Primary
School, Frankford avenue and Somerset
street, and Frankford avenue and Hart lane
(two buildings), Mattie Marsden, Supervis-
ing Principal: John.H, Webster Secondarv-
MISS JOSEPHINE HAMILL.
Josephine Hamill. Principal: James Martin
Combined Grammar. Secondary and Primary
School, Richmond and i:)ntario streets.
Charles F, Michener, Supervising Principal:
Henr\- W, Halliwell Grammar School.
Frankford avenue below Allegheny avenue,
L. K. Sterne. Principal: George B. McClellan
Combined Secondary and Primarj' School.
Thompson and Neff streets, Annie G, Engel!.
CHARLES r. MICHENER.
and Primary School, Frankford road and
Ontario avenue. Anna E. Frank, Principal;
Barton Secondary and Primary School,
Frankford avenue and Buckius street, Sallie
E, Todd, Principal: Carroll Primary School.
Salmon street above Somerset. Ellie J. Brady,
Principal: H. W. Halliwell Primary School,
Frankford avenue below Allegheny avenue,
Maria P, Keeter, Principal; Kindergarten No.
I, Richmond and Neff streets. Sallie B.
Sproul, Principal; Kindergarten No. 2. Ken-
sington avenue and Harrowgate lane, Flor-
ence J. Reynolds, teacher; Kindergarten
Xo. 3, Richmond and Jenks streets, Adali
Lettinger, Principal; Kindergarten No. 4,
Salmon and Somerset streets. H. A. R.
Phillips, teacher.
In 1861 the Twenty-lifthW'ard was formed,
the Nineteenth and Twenty-third Wards
being divided, and a part of each going to
make up the new Twenty-fiftli Ward. In
1888 the Twenty-fifth Ward itself was di-
vided and a part of it became the Thirty-
third Ward.
J. Morrison, now Assistant Superintendent
of Public Schools. J. Emory Byram, the
present Select Councilman from the Twenl)-
third Ward, followed Mr. Morrison and wni^
succeeded by T. Worcester Worrell.
The building now occupied was erected in
1889, when the old Irving building was
abandoned.
The Carroll School was originally in the
Xinetentb Section. At the time the change
was made Marmaduke Watson was the Prin-
cipal. It was then a granmiar and secondary
school, but it is now a primary. The Princi-
pals since the time of Mr. Watson have been
SA.MUF.L N. DLWINK,
In 1861 there were four public schools
within the present limits of the Twenty-fift!i
Section: the Irving School, Bridesburg; Bar-
ton School. Aramingo; Carroll School, Rich-
mond, and a small primary school at Frank-
ford avenue and Somerset street.
The Irving School, from which the present
Bridesburg Combined School was created.
was fortunate in having some very excellent
I'rincipals. .\t the time the Section was
formed, in i8C»i, Edward J. Brodie was Prin-
cipal. He was succeeded in 1865 by (leorge
}L Stout, now Supervising Principal of the
Xewton School, in the Twenty-seventh Sec-
tion, who, in turn, was succeeded by .Andrew
ALBERT WEBSTER.
Eugene Smith. E. L. McGowan. Sarah J.
Brady. R. R. A. Bra<ly. Kate Brady. Lizzie
Morris and Ellie J. Brady.
The Barton School is located in a small
two-story building, and is a primary of
higher grade. In 1895 Miss Lever, who had
been the Principal of the primary department
for thirty-five years, resigned. A testimonial
was presented to her by the Board of Di-
rectors, "for her faithful and untiring devo-
tion to her duties, her patience and firmness
and the good results produced through her
teaching."
In the records of i8fH a school of two
divisions is mentioned as being located at
^fffi?AR7
Frankford avenue and Somerset street, in
what was termed the "Tyndale Mansion."
This building was remodeled in 1868, and
the school was reorganized as the Sherman
Consolidated School. The first Principal
after reorganization was David Boggs. in
1872 the school was changed to a secondary
and primary. The two departments were
combined under the Supervising Principal-
ship of Miss Marsden in 1892. An annex on
the opposite side of Frankford avenue was
rented in 1884. and the school now occupies
both buildings.
The Halliwell girls' grammar school build-
ing was erected in 1872, and the school was
formed by the union of the girls' grammar
departments of the Sherman. Barton and
McClellan Schools. Mrs. K. C. Evans was
the first Principal. She was succeeded in
1883 by the present Principal, Miss Sterne.
The school was named in honor of the
popular secretary of the Board of Public
Education, Henry W. Halliwell, before the
rule was pas,sed which prevents the naming
of school-houses after living persons.
The HalHwell Primary School is the out-
growth of a small school opened in March.
1875, in the Episcojtal church edifice, at
Emerald street and Cemetery lane. Miss
Maxwell was its first Principal, and was suc-
ceeded by Miss Keeler, the present Principal.
In April, 1879, the school was transferred to
the Halliwell building.
The John H. Webster School was opened
in 1873, and until 1896 was called the James
Martin School. Edgar A. Singer, now
Assistant Superintendent of Public Schools,
was Principal for fifteen years, resigning to
take up his new duties in 1887. Miss
Josephine Hamill, the present Principal, was
elected to succeed him.
In 1893 ^^^ boys' grammar school in the
Halliwell building was transferred to the
Webster. This school now ranks very high
among those of the city. During Miss
Hamill's Principalship 155 pupils have been
promoted to the higher schools.
The John H. Webster Secondary and -Pri-
mary School was first called the Tic^a School
and afterward the James Martin School. It
was originally located in a dwelling house,
and was later transferred to the basement of
a church at Frankford avenue and Ontario
street. The present building was erected in
1893, and the school has grown so rapidly
in numbers that the building is already too
small.
In 1868 the McClellan Ijuilding was erected
and the school organized, the first Prin-
cipal being George F. \\'ilson. A building
erected on an adjoining lot in 1884 was for
a time called the McClellan School No. 2,
being under the same Principal as the other,
Mrs. Anna M. Spallen. In 1885 the school
in the annex was changed to a secondary of
higher gra<le.
The McClellan School is now a combined
secondary and primary, the Supervising Prin-
cipal being Miss Annie G. Engell.
The James Martin School was organized
in 1896, when the erection of the building
was completed. Most of the classes of which
it was formed were transferred from the
McClellan School, and Charles F. Michener,
who was at that time Supervising Principal
of the McClellan School, was placed at the
head of the new school.
The first Controller appointed by the Board
of Judges for the Twenty-fifth Section was
James H. MacBride. His successors have
been John Fitz-Patrick and the present
member, Thomas \V. Marchment.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-fifth Section in 1896 was Samuel
N. Olwine; born in Chester County, Pa.,
October 25, 1836; elected a Director in 1885;
chosen President in 1886.
The Secretary was Albert Webster; born
in Philadelphia in 1850: elected a Director
in 1875: chosen Secretary in 1881 ; is a son of
John H. Webster, in whose honor the Web-
ster School was named.
Taylor Faunce was born in Philadelphia,
March 29, 1853: elected a Director in 1893.
George L. Horn was bom in Hunterdon
County, New Jersey, July 19, 1825; elected
a Director in 1859 and has served con-
tinuously eyer since.
James McGowan was born in Philadelphia,
August 25, 1845: elected a Director in 1873.
Fred. M. Wagner was born in Germany,
Fel)ruary 13, 1848; elected a Director in 1889.
Other members of the Board were Dr. A.
H. Boyer, Lewis S. Campbell, John T. Daly,
Theo. O. Dost, Frank Lower and Robert
McCoy.
4a?
HENRY W. H\ L WELL RAMMAR SCHOOL
Ftankrord Avium, below Allegheny Avenue.
Twenlyfifih Stciion.
^ THE IfEW TORK
PUBUC LIBRARY
MM fOQMlMKIMHI
^■■■■•^ "^SffCT
V xr\
I
^•SS'Si^
ItARTON SECONDAKV AND PRIMARY SCHOOL.
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-_-rt-A
Schools of the Twenty=sixth Section
The boundaries of the Twenty-sixtli Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Twenty-sixth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Passyunk
avenue and Ellsworth street, along Passyunk
avenue to Broa<l street, to Back Channel, to
Eighteenth street, to Washington avenue, to
Broad street, to Ellsworth street, to Pass-
yunk avenue.
Twelfth and corner of Twelfth and Federal
streets, (two buildings), Viola W. Daltry,
Supervising Principal; Federal Hall Com-
bined Secondary and Primary School, Seven-
teenth and Federal streets. Sallie Morri-
son, Super\'ising Principal; Francis M.
Drexel Coml)ined Secondary and Primary
School, Sixteenth and Moore streets.
Martha H. Dunn. Supervising Principal;
MISS MARY J LAMBERTOM.
The schools of the Twenty-sixth Section
are as follows: Jeremiah Xichols Combined
Grammar, Secondary and Primary School.
Sixteenth and Wharton streets, Clarence
Hampton, Supervising Principal: George W.
Childs Combined Grammar. Secondary and
Primarj' School, Seventeenth and Tasker
streets, Marj' J. Lambert on, Supervising
Principal; Jackson Combined Secondary and
Priniarj- School. Federal street below
JOHN SIMMON i>.
Primary School No. i, Wharton street, below
Eighteenth, Mary Allwright, Principal; Pri-
mary No. 2, same building, Hannah Maiill,
Principal : Kindergarten No. i . Grace T.
Bagg, Principal ; Kindergarten No. 2,
Twelfth and Federal streets, Elizabeth
Donahue, teacher; Kindergarten No. 3,
Seventeenth and Tasker streets, Emma L.
Muller, teacher.
The oldest school in the Twenty-sixth Sec-
tion is the Jackson Combined School, which
was organized a few years before consolida-
tion. The secondarj' school of the same
name in the Section was organized as a gram-
mar school about the year 1879, Watson
Cornell being the first Principal.
The Jeremiah Xichols School was organ-
ized as a boys' and girls* secondary in 1875.
the first Principals being Mary J. Lamber-
ton and Caroline Freed. The Francis XI.
Drexel School was organized as a boys' and
girls' primary in 1888. The most recently
Thomas R. Allen; born in Philadelphia, June
24, 1853; elected a Director in 1878; chosen
president in 1890.
The Secretary of the Board was Thomas
Elliott Berger: born April 14. 1845; elected
a Director in 1892: chosen Secretary' in 1894
and again in 1896.
Theodore M. Carr was bom in Smyrna,
Del.. January 19, 1854: elected a Director in
1894.
Edwin W. Doughert)' was born in Phila-
delphia, June 21, 1843: elected a Director in
1891 and again in 1896.
THDMAS R ALLKN.
organized school in the Section was the
George W. Childs, the building of which was
erected in 1894.
The Federal Hall School is in a rented
building that was formerly used as a market
house, and the primary schools known as \o.
I and Xo. 2 are in a rented church building on
Wharton street below Eighteenth.
BO.\RD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-sixth Section in i89f) was
THOMAS KLLIOTT BF.RGER.
Robert McFadden was born in Philadel-
phia in 1835 : elected a Director in 1893; «'»*
also a Director from 1870 to 1875.
John Simmons was born in Ireland, Apf''
]6, 1833; elected a Director in 1893: was a
member of Connnon Council from 1881 f^
1883: has been actively engaged in business '*^
Philadelphia since i860; is a resident of t J'^'
ward for over twenty-five years.
Other meml)ers of the Board were Walt ^'
W. Bell. P. J. Halpin. John J. MulreniL-^;
George J. Pollock. A. Frank Stull and Hen*^>
H. Widener.
GKORGL W. CHILDS COMBINi:D GKAMMAR, SKCONlJAkV AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
T»«ty-iitih Sntion.
JSS&^^^
TUT V ,
. V
£SEi5SJ^
Schools of the Twenty=seventh Section
The boundaries of the Twenty-seventh
Ward of the City of Philadelphia, which com-
prises the Twenty-seventh Section of the First
School District of Pennsylvania, are the
Schuylkill River on the east, and Market
street on the north.
The schools of the Twenty-seventh Sec-
tion are as follows: Newton Combined Boys'
Guy Gundaker, Principal; Greenway Consol-
idated School, Fifty-second street and Wood-
land avenue, Elizabeth J. Riley, Principal;
Boons Dam Consolidated School, Island road
below Bell road station, Martha McFarland,
Principal; Woodland Avenue Secondary and
Primary. Forty-sixth street and Woodland
avenue, Sarah L. Wiler, Principal; Elmwood
Secondary and Primary, Holstein avenue be-
GEORGE H. STOUT.
Grammar, Secondary and Primary, Thirty-
sixth and Chestnut streets. George H. Stout,
Supervising Principal: Newton Combined
Girls' Grammar, Secondary and Primary,
Thirty-eighth and Spruce streets, Sarah E.
Eradshaw, Supervising Principal; Paschal-
ville Consolidated School, Woodland avenue
above Seventieth street, Cornelia W. Elmes,
Supervising Principal; West End Consoli-
dated School, Sixtieth and South streets.
low Eighty-fifth street, Mary G. Connell,
Principal; T. C. Price Secondary School,
Forty-seventh and Locust streets, Lena P.
Wiler, Principal; Newton Primary School,
Ludlow street below Thirty-sixth, Elizabeth
R. Smith, Principal; James Miller Primary
School, Forty-second and Ludlow streets,
Anna E. Rambo, teacher; John K. Lee
Primary, Fifty-third street and Baltimore
avenue, Martha G. Campbell, Principal ;
John H. Bartram Primary, Greenway avenue
and Sixty-second street. May Kenney, Prin-
cipal ; Clearview Primary School. Seventy-
eighth street and Buist aveiuie, Lidie L'.
Smith, Principal: Kindergarten No. i. Forty-
second and Lwdtow streets, Esther L. Drake,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 2, Thirty-sixth
and Ludlow streets. Ada H. Wardle, Prin-
cipal; Kindergarten Xo.3,Si.xtteth and South
streets. Carrie Benkert, teacher; Kindergar-
ten No. 4, Forty-sixth street and Woodland
avenue, .-Xdeie Snyder, teacher.
The earliest substantial records of the
schools in that part of the city which is now
the Twenty-seventh Section are those of the
of the Section, and derived its name from a
different source.
In the Bartram School, .Mexander Wilson,
who afterward became famous as an ornithol-
ogist, was a teacher for many years. The
Principal of the boys' grammar school above
referred to. in 1845, was I. Ortlipp, while the
girls' grammar school was under Elizabeth
W. Clark.
In 1S54 the Greenway Union School, as it
was then called, was organized, and the fol-
lowing year the Newton Primary School was
forme<l. The Miller Primary School was es-
tablished in 1865.
GEORGE P. BLAND.
year 1845, when the schools were as follows:
Boys' Grammar, Girls' Grammar, Secondary,
Blockley Union, Paschalville, Paschal ville
Colored and West Philadelphia Coloied. In
1848 the Paschalville School was called the
Davidson Unclassified, and in [S61 it became
the Kingsessing lioys' and Girls' Unclassified
School.
The year 1850 saw the establishment of the
Boons Dam, the Bartram Unclassified and
the Price Unclassified Schools. The present
Price School, however, did not grow out of
the Price Unclassified School, but was organ-
ized twenty-five years later in a different part
GtORGK J. VAN HOUTEM.
The building at Thirty-eighth and Spruce
streets was erected in 1872. and both the
boys' and girls' grammar schools were re-
moved to it. The Principal of the boys'
school at this time was J. F. C. Sickel, now
Assistant Superintendent of Schools, and the
Principal of the girls' school was Miss L. D.
Ehnes. In 1875 the present Price School
building was erected, and two years later the
West End School-house was built.
The Newton Boys' School building was
erected in 1890, and the boys' department of
the school at Thirty-eighth and Spruce streets
was removed thereto. George H. Stout is
TWUrtWTORK
P^eUC LIBRABT
4t%?9«, UHOZ AHD
* I.
the Supervising Principal. The same year the
John K. Lee School was established, with
Miss Pentridge as Principal.
In 1892 the girls' schools in the Thirty-
eighth and Spruce streets building were com-
bined as the Newton Combined Girls' Gram-
mar, Secondary and Primary School, with
Miss Bradshaw as Superv^ising Principal.
The Elmwood Primary and Bartram Pri-
mary Schools were established in 1893. The
newest school building in the Section is that
of the Woodland Avenue Secondary and Pri-
mary, w^hich was opened in the autumn of
1895-
The Twenty-seventh Section has been rep-
resented in the Board of Public Education
since consolidation by the following: B. F.
Warren, Isaac Leech, William F. Cooper, Jr
N. Marks, W. Elhvood Rowan, Daniel Stein- '
metz, B. B. Comegys, Professor G. F. Barker,
W. M. Smith and Samuel B. Huey.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-seventh Section in 1896 was
George P. Bland: born in Philadelphia, De-
cember, 1851; elected a Director in 1891;
chosen President of the Board in 1895.
The Secretary of the Board was George J.
Van Houten; born in Jersey City, N. J., No-
vember II, 1844; elected a Director in 1872:
chosen Secretary in 1895: was President of
the Board, 1878-9, also 1891-4; is a court of-
ficer in the Orphans' Court.
Amos Bonsall was born in Fernwood, Del-
aware County, Pa., January 20, 1830; elected
a Director in 1877.
John S. Callaghan was bom in Scotland,.
August 2, 1849; elected a Director in 1895.
J. Penrose Collins was born in Philadelphia^
April 30, 1842: elected a Director in 1896.
Henry Drake was bom in Montgomery
County, Pa., Tuly 23, 1849; elected a Director
.ii:i r88o.
• ■* »• , •
; ', George I. M'Leod was born in Philadel-
phia; elected a Director in 1870.
Samuel Stanhope Stryker was born in
Trenton, N. J., May, 1842; elected a Director
in 1872.
Other members of the board were Dr.
Frank T. Anderson, Edward A. Beaumont,.
Dr. Albert A. Ghriskey and James A. StovelL
f - — ^^
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILUKN FOUNDATIONS
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PUBLIC LIHr.AJKY
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THE KEN? YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, LENOX AMD
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Schools of the Twenty-eighth Section
Up to tlie close of 1896, when the Twenty-
eighth Ward was divided, its boniidaries were
from Broad street and Susquehanna avemie
to Ciennantown avenne, to Roberts avemie,
to W'issahickon avemie. to School lane, to
the Schuylkili River, to Susquehanna avenue,
to Broad street. When the ward was divided
Leiiigh avenue was made the separating line,
and the northern of the two parts became the
Thirty-eighth Ward, while the other remained
Primary School, Fifteenth and Ontario
streets. John P. Garber, Supervising Prin-
cipal: Glenwood Combined Grammar, Second-
ary and Primary School, Thirtieth and Her-
man streets, John S. Lawrence, Supervising
Principal: M. Hall Stanton Combined Gram-
mar, Secondary and Primary School, Cum-
berland and Sixteenth streets. William J.
Caskey, Supervising Principal; George H.
Boker Conibine<l Grammar, Secondary and
JOHN S. LAWRENCE.
the Twenty-eighth. The schools of the
two Sections will herein be considered under
the one head.
The schools of the Twenty-eighth and
Thirty-eighth Sections are as follows: Forest
Combined Grammar. Secondary and Primary
School (two buildings). Falls of Schuylkill.
Oliver P. Ely. Supervising Principal; Ken-
derton Combined Grammar. Secondary anil
WILLIAM J C.ASKEV,
Primary School. Twenty-second and Ontario
streets, f-lla M. Lukens, Supervising Prin-
cipal; Belview Combined Higher Grade. Sec-
ondary and Primary Sciiool, Twenty-sixth
and Cumberland streets, Edward W. Havi-
land. Supervising Principal; Kindergarten
Xo. I, Twenty-sixth street above Clarence,
Anne K. Casselberry, Principal; Kindergar-
ten \o. 2. Falls of Schnylkill. Emily M.
Hanna, Principal.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LTBRART Y
ASTOR. LFNOX AND
TlLUiiN FOUNDATIONS
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PUbUCII}'r.\KV )
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THE HEV? YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR. iJ:noJ^,^°L.
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. T"^y^^X AND
NEWTON PRIMARY SCHOOL.
... ;X.A«»
r
Schools of the Twenty=eighth Section
Up to the close of 1896, when the Twenty-
eighth Wan! was divided, its bouiularies were
from Broad street and Siisqueliaima avenue
to Gennantown aveime, to Roberts avenue,
to W'issahickon avenue, to School lane, to
the Schuylkill River, to Susquehanna avenue,
to Broad street. When the ward was divided
Lehigh avenue was made the separating line,
and the northern of the two parts became the
Thirty-eighth Ward, while the other remained
Primary School, Fifteenth and Ontario
streets. John P. Garber. Supervising Prin-
cipal: Glenwood Combined Grammar. Second-
ary and Primary School. Thirtieth and Her-
man streets, John S. Lawrence, Supervising
Principal; M. Hall Stanton Combined Gram-
mar, Secondary and Primary School. Cum-
berland and Sixteenth streets, William J.
Caskey, Supervising Principal: George H.
Boker Combined Grammar. Secondary and
WILLIAM J. CASKEV.
Primary School. Twenty-second and Ontario
the Twenty-eighth. The schools of the streets. Ella M. Lukens, Supervising Prin-
two Sections will herein be considered under cipal: Belview Combined Higher Cirade, See-
the one head.
The schools of the 'i'wenty-eighth and
Thirty-eighth Sections are as follows: Forest
Combined Grannnar. Secon<lary and Primary
School (two buildings). Falls uf Schuylkill.
Oliver P, Ely. Supervising Principal: Ken-
derton Combined Granmiar. Secondarv and
ondary and Primary School, Twenty-sixth
and Cumberland streets, Edward W. Havi-
land. Supervising Principal: Kindergarten
Xo. I, Twenty-sixth street above Clarence,
.\ime K. Casselberry. Principal; Kindergar-
ten No. 2, Falls of Schuylkill. Emily M.
Hanna, Principal.
When the Twenty-eighth Section was
formed in 1868, the Forest, Keiiderton ami
Glenwood were the only schools within its
boundaries that are still in existence inider
the same names. Ten years later the Belview
School was opened, with David H. Stont as
Principal, and in 1889 the George H. Koker
School came into existence. The latest
school to be organized was the il. Hall Stan-
ton, named in honor of a president of the
Board of Public Education, which was
opened in 1891.
CHARLF.S FREDEKICK ARBDT
From the time the Twenty-eighth Section
was formed, in 1868. until the ward was
divided, it was ably represented in t!ie
Board of PubHc Education by Charles F.
Abbot. After the ehvision of the ward had
been agreed upon in 1896, Mr. .\bhot was
appointed to represent the new Thirty-eighth
Section in the Board, his residence being
within the new Thirty-eighth Ward. In Jan-
uary, 1897, his death occurred.
Charles F'rederick Abbot was born in Bos-
ton, Mass., April 5, i8ji. He received his
education in the public schools of that city
and afterward under private tutors. At the
age of seventeen Mr. Abbot entered a mer-
cantile house in Richmond. \'a.. and was
afterward similarly engaged in Kewburgh and
Buffalo, X. Y., the line of business being tlie
shoe and leather trade.
In January, 1845, he removed to Philadel-
phia, which city he has since made his home.
With his brother he became interested in the
nianufacture of cotton goods at Manayunk
and Fairmount, and continued in this business
for four years, when he withdrew to devote
himself to real estate and building operations,
so continuing ever since.
Some years ago Mr. Abbot acquired a con-
siderable tract of ground in the vicinity of the
Falls of Schuylkill and extending toward
(iermantown, a large portion of which he has
since developed and improved. The new
(Jueen Lane reservoir occupies fourteen acres
of his landed property. His residence near
the Falls of Schuylkill is an historic mansion,
built before the Revolution, and was earri-
Honed by Hessian soldiers during the British
occupancy of I'hiladelphia. The present resi-
dence embraces nearly all the original strucl-
nre. but it is enlarged and modified.
In 1858 Mr. Abbot was elected to the Penn-
svlvania Legislature, in which he served until
1862. The period during his term of
legislative service was a critical one in the
history of State improvements in Pennsyl-
vania, and a transition perio<l in the progress
and development of the State system of trans-
portation. Mr. .Abbot's term of legislative
.service also covered the period of the incipi-
encv and early progress of the Civil War. He
served on the Conuiiittec on Federal Relations
and was one of the commissioners appointed
bvCJovemor Curtin to inquire into the alleged
frauds incidental to the furnishing of supplies
lo the armv. He served the Government both
at home and as a volunteer in the Thirty-third
Pennsylvania Regiment, with which he saw
active service.
Since 1853 be has been a member of the
Hoard of Directors of the .American Baptist
•B
THE NEW YORk
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ABTOfl. LENOX AND
Publication Society, and for ten or twelve
years was one of the trustees of Bucknell
University at Lewisbnrg, Pa.
In April. 1868. he was appointed a member
of tlie Board of Public E<lucation and con-
tinued in active service up to the time of his
death. As a meniher of the Board he dis-
tinguishe<l himself by faithful, painstaking
service. He was a regular atten<tant at Board
and Committee meetings and was very active
in the work assigned him. He was for many
JosepJi E. Beckhans was born in Philadel-
phia. Jannarv 20, 1858: elected a Director in
1894.
Theodore H. Copeland was born in Phila-
delphia. N'oveniber 7. iS>Oy; elected a Director
in 1896.
D. H. Gordon was born in Marlboro, X. J-,
December 26, 1853: elected a Director in
■895-
Edward S. Jack.son was born in Wilming-
ton. Del., in i8f)g; elected a Director in 1895.
years chairman of tlie important Committee
on Grammar. Secondarv and Primary Schools.
HAMILTON W. SHERLOCK
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The Presi<lent of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-eighth Section in 1896 was Dr.
Dudley \V. Lane; horn in Zanesville, O., June
3, 1859: elected a Director in 1893; chosen
President in 1893.
The Secretary of the Board was Hamiltt n
W. Sherlock; eletlerl a Director in 1893;
chosen secretary in 1893.
-Vlbert De Prefontaine was born iu Phila-
delphia. March 24. 1852: elected a Director in
1896.
William A. Stuckey was born in Burling-
ton, X. J., November 11, 1861: elected a Di-
rector in 1896.
Other members of the Board were Harry
Cain, A. L. Egolf. D. P. McGonigle and J. J.
Sites.
m
THE HEW YORK
PUBLIC LIB K ART
AB1X>Ri LENOX AHD
K I.
MARV SCHOOL,
A .
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
^ ASTOR, LENOX AND
Tl£DfiM F0VNDAT10M3
Jl L
N COMBINED GRAMMAR, SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
Filtccnth ind Ilntario Smelt
Twiniy-Hghih Stction.
Schools of the Twenty-ninth Section
Tlie boundaries uf tlie Twenty-ninth Ward
of the City of Pliiladelpliia, which comprises
the Twenty-ninth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Broad street and
tlie Schuylkill River, Poplar street and
Montgomery avenvie.
The schools of the Twenty-ninth Section
are as follows; Georfje G. Meade Combined
Grammar School. Eighteenth and Oxford
Primary, Twenty-sixth and Jefferson streets,
\'irginia C. Piper, Supervising Principal;
Reynolds Combined Secondary and Primary,
Twentieth and Jefferson streets, Annie S,
Jones. Supervising Principal: Edward Gratz
Combined Secondary and Primary, Twenty-
third and Jefferson streets, Helen W. Anstice,
Supervising Principal; Muhlenberg Combined
Secondary and Primary, Seventeenth and
Master streets, Sarah J. Overn. Supervising
wm-i^w
streets, Edward Gideon, Supervising Prin-
cipal, and Lucille Cro])per, Vice-Principal;
Robert Morris Combined Grammar, Second-
ary and Primary, Twenty-sixth and Thomp-
son streets, George W. Flounders, Supervis-
ing Principal; William D. Kelley Combined
Grammar. Secondary and Primary, Twenty-
eighth street and Columbia avenue, C. S.
Boyer, Supervising Principal; Elisha Kent
Kane Combine*! (irammar. Secondary and
Principal; Primary School No. i, Twenty-
sixth street and Columbia avenue, Annie E.
Ring, Principal; Kindergarten \o. r. Twenty-
sixth and Jefferson streets, C, Belle T, Clay,
Principal; Kindergarten No. 2, South Col-
lege avenue above Nineteenth street, Frances
E. Still, teacher; Kindergarten No. 3. 2331
Oxford street, Ida Florence SI emmer. teacher;
Kindergarten No. 4. Seventeenth and Master
streets. Emma Kimes, teacher.
The first school orgaiiizetl within the limits
of what is now the Twenty-ninth Section was
estabhshed in the basement of an uncom-
pleted church edifice, on Twenty-eighth street
above Girard avenue. What is now Twenty-
eighth street was at that time a dirt road
which led to Turner's lane, passing through
the district called Morris City. The school
was called the Snyder Unclassified School.
being nametl in honor of Simon Snyder, a
former (jovemor of Pennsylvania. Its teach-
ers were G. W. B. Felton and James Leonard.
The building was burned down in 185J. anrl
the school was transferred to a frame building
the new building it was known as the
Reynolds School, and as such exists to-day.
About the same time a school-house was
built on the site of the present Robert Morris
School, Twenty-sixth and Thompson streets.
It was called the Morris City School.
After consolidation, up to 1869, that pan
of the city in which the above-named schools
were located was within the limits of the
Twentieth\\'ard, In that year the Twentieth
Ward was <livided and became known as the
Twentieth Ward East and the Twentieth
Ward West. P. A. B. Widener became the
Controller for the Twentieth Section West.
■. M. L ZrK.GLKR.
located along the same road, a little nearer to
Morris City.
The first bnihhng erected for school
purposes in the Twenty-ninth Section, then
the Eleventh Section, by the comity
authorities was the Muhlenberg School.
Seventeenth and Master streets, which
was built before consolidation. .Vbout
the year \i'.Cy~, a scbool-hnuse was built at
Twentieth and Jefferson streets, and to it was
transferred what had originally been the
Snyder Unclassified School, which had been
located for some time in a rented building on
Nicholas street near Twenty-second, and
called the Benton Consolidated School. In
which was subsequently, in 1871. made a new
ward, the Twenty-ninth.
In Xoveniber. 1870. the Board of Director-
of tile Twentieth Section West adopted a
resolution providing that beginning Jamiarj'
I. 1871. the Principal of the boys* grammar
school should act as Superintendent of the
schools of the Section. This was the first
experiment of iIk kind in Philadelphia, and
was eminently sncces.sful. Edward Gideon,
now Supervising Principal of the Meade
School, was elected to the Superintemlency.
being at the same time Principal of the Rey-
nolds Bovs' (irammar School.
i
it
In 1875 the George G. Meade School build-
ing was erected, and the Reynolds Grammar
School was transferred thereto. The Revn-
olds School was then reorganized as a second-
ary and primary, the boys* department under
A. S. Jones, and the girls under A. 11 Thomas.
The schools of the Twenty-ninth Section
are among the best in the city. They are for-
timatc in having good Principals and arc
mostly well housed.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Twenty-ninth Section in 1896 was Dr.
\\'. M. L. Ziegler; born in Moimt Joy, Pet.,
in 1851; elected a Director in 1890; chosen
President in 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was John H.
'N'earsley; born in Philadelphia, February^- 9,
1842; elected a Director in 1869; chosen Sec-
retary in 1871.
Walter Graham was born in Philadelphia,
October 5, 1851; elected a Director in 1888.
Dr. Lambert Ott was born in Independ-
ence, Mo., September 25, 1856; elected a
Director in 1888.
Dr. Walter Roach was born in Scranton,
Pa., June 3, 1866; elected a Director in 1896.
David H. Shourds was born in Philadelphia
in 1837; elected a Director in 1894.
Jacob Freclerich Wacker, Jr., was born in
Philadelphia July 2, 1866: elected a Director
in 1896.
Clement A. \\\)odnutt was born at Salem,
X. J., July 28, ]852; elected a Director in 1895.
Othei: members of the Board were Richard
H. Graham, Dr. Annie B. Hall, Dr, John S.
Miller, Henry V. Nutter and James H.
Young. • -
469
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REYNOLDS COMBINED SECONDARY AND PRIMARY SCHOOL,
Twentlcih and Jcffinon Soerti.
Twenty-ninth Section.
PDBUC LiiiRARTi
ASTOK, LSMOX AMD
TXLDMM jrOVMAATliMI
Schools of the Thirtieth Section
The boundaries of the Thirtieth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Thirtieth Section of the First School District
of Pennsylvania, are Broad and South streets,
along South to the Schuylkill River, to Ells-
worth street, to Gray's Ferry road, to Wash-
ington avenue, to Broad ami South streets.
The schools of the Thirtieth Section are as
follows: E. M. Stanton Grajiimar School (ior
boys), Seventeenth and Christian streets.
inary. Twenty-fourth and Christian streets.
Mary A. Wallace, Supervising Principal: Kin-
dergarten N'o. I, Christian street above Sev-
enteenth. Katherine McCletlan. teacher; Kin-
dergarten No. 2, Twenty-fourth and Chris-
tian streets, Emily F. Campbell, teacher.
At the time of the formation of the Thir-
tieth Ward, in 1875, by the division of the
Twenlv-sixth. there were five schools within
ANDREW B. WALLACE.
WILLIAM ]. POLLOCK.
John M. Murray, Principal: Grammar School
for Girls, same building, Emma Christopher,
Principal: James Pollock Combined Second-
ary and Primary. Filzwater street above Fif-
teenth. ^fa^y Fite, Su]>ervi.sing Principal:
Chester A. Arthur Combined Secondary and
Primary, Twentieth and Catharine streets,
Sara M. Irwin. Supervising Principal: Wil-
liam S. Peirce Combined Secondary and Pri-
the limits of what is now the Thirtieth Sec-
tion. Four were in school houses owned by
the city, and the other one was in a rented
building. These schools were the Edwin M.
Stanton, James Pollock, Andrew G. Curtin.
William S. Peirce and the Western School.
The latter was located on Bainbridge street
below Nineteenth, and was abandoned when
the Chester A. Arthur School was built.
The schools of the Thirtieth Section have
always attracted attention hy reason of the
progressive spirit displayed by the teachers
and directors of the Section.
In the early history of the Section the late
Francis Gwynn, was a prominent figure. He
was president of the board of directors for a
number of years. Another very active worker
in the board for many years was William J.
Milligan, who served as secretary. As the
result of his efforts the Section is able to
iioast of being tlie pioneer in two notable
movements, sewing and map modeling, both
was the formation of a pedagogical Ubrar)-
for the use of the teachers of the Section.
The girls' grammar school has been under
the charge of Miss Emma Christopher for
many years.
The boys' secondary department of the
Pollock School has been under the charge of
Julia Warwick and T. C. Watson; the boys'
primary under T. C. Watson and Margaret
Hirst, and the girls' primary under Miss Pret-
tyman. When these departments were com-
bined, Mary Fite was elected Supervising
Principal, and has so continued to the present
dav.
JOHN M. MURRAY,
WILLIAM J. MILLIGAN.
being introduced by the teachers without out-
side assistance. His faithful work in the
interests of the public schools of this Section
deserves to be long remembered.
The Principals of the Stanton Boys' (irain-
niar School have been Moses Peirce.J.S. Law-
rence and J. M. Murray. Mr. Lawrence was
instrumental in perfecting an organization
known as The Teachers' Institute of the Thir-
tieth Section, which was formed at the in-
stance of Mr. Milligan, and has been mo^t
helpful to the teachers. It is still in existence.
One of the early results ()f its establishment
The Principals of the .Arthur {formerly the
Curtin) School have been: Boys' primarj-.
Miss M. A. Wallace and Miss E. L, Erskine:
girls' primary, Miss M. E. Snodgrass and
Miss Barbara Brown; girls' secondary. Miss
Snodgrass. Sara M. Irwin succeeded the lat-
ter as Supervising Principal of the combined
school.
The Princiiials of the William S. Peirce
School have been: Boys' secondary. Miss I.
Hintls and Miss Philippa \'. Cliapin: girls'
secondary. Miss J. Hinds and Miss Mary Fite;
m
V V "^■-
THE fJi:.. Kjssa
9, >•
bovs' primary, Miss Mc Alpine; girls' primary,
Miss Carre. Since these departments were
first combined, Marv A. Wallace has l)een
Supervising Principal.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirtieth Section in 1896 was William J.
Pollock, the member of the Board of Public
Education from that Section. [For biogra-
phy see page 109.]
Hie Secretary of the Board was Andrew B.
Wallace; born in Philadelphia, September 27,
1856; elected a Director in 1887; chosen Sec-
retary in 1890.
John J. Jack was born in Ireland, in 1848;
elected a Director in 1889.
George F. Nellins was born in Philadelphia,
June 18, 1 861 ; elected a Director in 1895.
Joshua Russell was born in Ireland, in 1836;
elected a Director in 1872.
Joseph E. Young was born in Philadelphia,
January 17, 1858; elected a Director in
1 889.
Other members of the Board were Ben-
jamin P. Ashmead, Joseph \V. Catharine,
Thomas A. Ferry, Joseph Fite. James Kater
and Dr. Bavard Murray.
483
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THE NEW TCT^^.
PUBLIC UBRA.-.t
TILDE
Schools of the Thirty=first Section
The l>.)uiularies of tlie Thirty-first Ward «i
the Cily of Philadelphia, wlitch comprises the
Thirty-first Section of the h'irst School l)i.--
triet of Pennsylvania, are Front street. Xiir-
ris, Keiisiiifjton avenue, I-ehifjh avenue and
Aramingo avenue.
The schools of the Thirty-first Sectimi are
as follows: John S. Hart Combined Grammar
VILLIAM H. SAMUKL, A. M , Ph. D.
School. York and .\[enlphi^ streets. William
1:1. Samuel, A. M,. I'h. I)., .Supervising Prin-
cipal, and Sarah W. Dungan. N'ice-Principal;
Witte Coniliineil Secnndary and Primary,
York and Tulip streets. Sallie !•". Simpson.
Supervising Principal: AdamsOjniliined Sec-
ondary and Primary, Adams street ahove
.Amber. .Mary M. (iabrylewitz. Supervising
Principal: Lucretia Molt Combined Second-
ary and Primary. Hunting<lon street below
Sepviva. Martha McAlpine. Supervising Prin-
cipal: Henry Armitt Brown Combined Sec-
ondary and Primary. Sergeant and Jasper
streets. Helen Jones. Supervising Principal:
Primary School Xo. i. Kmerald street below
Front. Emma M. Kimble, Principal; Primary
Xo. 2, Dauphin and Belgrade streets, Ella W.
Reese. Principal: Kindergarten, Dauphin
street below, Belgrade, Emma L. Gross,
teacher: Kimlergarten. .\dams above Amber
street. Lillian Asliton, teacher: Kindergarten,
Huntingdon street below Se])viva. Grace P.
Homiann, teacher.
The Thirty-first Wani was formed in 1875
by the division of the .Xineleenth. At this
time the schools within the limits of what is
now the Thirty-first Section were not com-
fortably housed in regular school buildings,
but were mostly located in inferior rented
structures. The organization of the new
Section, however, being at a time when the
progress which the Centennial was designed
to illustrate was being talked about in con-
nection with the public schools, there was to
a certain extent an awakening of the people
in that Section to the school requirements.
When the new Section was formed the
Witte and .\dams Schools were within its
boundaries, as were also the primaries on
Ivmerald street below Fr()nt and at Dauphin
and Belgrade streets. In 1878 the John S.
Hart School was organized, and in 1882 the
Lucretia Mott School was established. The
Henry Armitt Brown School was established
in i88^
BOARD OF DIKECTOKS.
The President of the Board of Directors in
1896 was John P. MacBeaii: !)orii in Scot-
land, April 4, i8(')4: elected a Director in
1894: chosen President in 1895.
The Secretary of the BoanI was Albert
Pearce; bominPliiladelphia in October, 1847;
elected a Director in 1881; chosen Secretary
in 1888.
Dr. Kdwiii Hellyer was !)orn in Bucks
Connty, Pa., in 1840: elected a Director in
the Nineteenth Section in 1868, and has
served ever since on the Board of the Nine-
teenth and Thirty-first Sections, with the ex-
ception of two years.
William Kofjers was horn in Ireland. March
2y. 1856; elected a Director in 1893.
David H. Ross was born in Ireland, April
I'l. 1844: elected a Director in 1880.
JOHN I'. MacBEAN.
William C. Bird was born in Philadelphia
in 1843: elected a Director in 1893.
Francis M. Brower was born in Philadel-
phia. April 3. 1856; elected a Director in
ALBllRT PEARCE.
Oscar E. Smith was bom in Allentown.
Pa.. N'ovember 22, 1855; elected a Director
Franklin P. Buckley was born tn Philadel-
phia. October 11, i8i6: electe<l a Director in
Dr. Henry Fisher was born in Philadelphia.
September 19. 1856: elected a Director in
1884.
Cornelins S. Smnllen was born in Philadel-
phia, March 29, 1853; elected a Director in
1889.
Stephen J. Donovan was born in Consho-
hocken. Pa.. December 15, 1859; electe<l a
Director in 1H94.
I
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THE NEW YORK
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A «r
Schools of the Thirty=second Section
The boundaries of the Thirty-second Ward
of the City of Philadelpliia, which comprises
the Thirty-second Sectionof the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are the Schuylkill
River, Montgomery avenue, Eleventh street
and Susquehanna avenue.
The schools of the Thirty-second Section
are as follows: James L. Claghorn Combined
Grammar, Secondary and Primary School,
street, M. Elizaiieth Xewhouse, Supervising
Principal: Fontaine Secondary and Primary,
Seventeenth and P'ontaine streets, Lavinia
Van Dusen, Principal; Kindergarten No. i,
1840 North Twentieth street, Louise A. Bru-
nelle. Principal; Kindergarten No. 2, 2554
Ridge avenue, Cora E. Hussey, Principal.
Charles H. Brelsford. Supervising Principal;
Joseph Singerly Combined Grammar, Sec-
ondary an<l Primary, Twenty-second and
Berks streets, William W. Brown, Supervis-
ing Principal ; James G. Blaine Combined
Grammar, Secondary and Primary, Thirtieth
and Norris streets. George Wheeler, Super-
vising Principal; Camac Combined Grammar.
Secondary and Primary, Thirteenth street
and Susquehanna avenue, Elizabeth Caskey,
Supervising Principal: Thomas H. Powers
Combined Higher (jrade Secondary and Pri-
marj-, Susquehanna avenue and Woodstock
MISS KLIZABCTH CASKKV.
The Thirty-second Ward was formed in
1888 by the division of the Twenty-eighth.
There were then three schools within the
limits of the present Thirty-second Section,
the Caniac. Claghom and Powers Schools.
When the Twenty-eighthWardwas divided
an important qnestion arose in connection
with the school boards. Seven members of
the Board of Directors of the Twenty-cisjhth
Section, by virtue of their places of residence,
became members of the Board in tiie new
Section. Tliey claimed the right to organij^e
the new board, and to make appointments to
bring the list of members np to the full
complement.
BO.VRD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirty-second Section in 1896 was
Abraham L. .\llen; horn in Philadelphia, Sep-
tember 30. if^sy. elected a Director in 1890.
The Secretary was Charles G. Saul; born in
Phila<lelpbia in 1849; elected a Director in
1892: chosen Secretary in 1895.
John Minor Bailey was born in Richmond,
\'a,. March 31. 1858: electe<l a Director in
1896.
Albert A. Bliss was born in Philadelphia,
April 9. 1855: elected a Director in 1896.
ABRAHAM L. ALLEN.
City Solicitor Warwick, now Mayor War-
wick, gave a decision, declaring that such ac-
tion was not lawful. The Legislature was
accordingly appealeil to and a bill was passed
early in the season of 1890, providing for the
commencement of the terms of office of
councilmen, school directors and constables
in the new wards.
Since the formation of the new Section the
Joseph Singerly and James G. Blaine School
buildings have been erected and those schools
organized. Still another new building is likely
to be erected before very long, as the schools
of the Section are crowded, and many pupils
are on half time.
CHARLES G. SAUL.
William H. Gray was born in Philadelphia.
March 12, 1849; elected a Director in i^)i.
Abraham L. Hirsch was born in Philadel-
phia, September 25, i860; electe<i a Director
in 1895.
William Spratt was bom in Philadelphia,
September 22. i860; elected a Director in
1894.
Isaac Sweeton was born in Ireland, Octo-
ber 10, 1S55: elected a Director in 1896,
father members of the Board were Joseph
Butler, George .\. Cotton and Robert M.
Linton.
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Schools of the Thirty=third Section
The boundaries of the Thirty-third Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Thirty-third Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Lehigh and Ken-
sington avennes, Frankford and W'ingohock-
ing Creeks, Bristol Township line, (iennan-
town avenue and Lehigh avenue.
The schools of the Thirty-third Section arc
as follows: Thomas Potter Grammar School,
Fourth and Clearfiehl streets. Charles G.
Freed, A. M.. Principal; Asa Packer Consoli-
dated School, Broad and MacFeiran streets,
Charles M. Colladay, Principal; Boudinot
Combined Secondary and Primary, Indiana
avenue and D street. Mary E. Buggy, Super-
vising Principal; Fairhill Combined Secondary
and Primary, Marshall and Somerset streets.
Jennie Pittman, Supervising Principal: Bay-
ard Taylor Combined Secondary and Primary,
Turner street above \'eiiango. Emma J.
Hearder, Supervising Principal: William
Cramp Secondary and Primary, Howard and
Tioga streets, Sarali Mills. Principal: Hopkin-
son Primary. (Ireen street, Rising Sun, Kate
Potter, Principal: Cayuga Primary. Six-
teenth and Cayuga streets, Susan A. Bockius,
Principal: L P. Morris Primary, K street
above Kensington avenue. Belle \V, Ewing.
Principal; Thomas F'otter Primary, Fourth
and Clearfield streets. Elizabeth S. Myers.
Principal; Kindergarten \o. i. Second street.
Cooperville, Anna B. Finch, teacher: Kinder-
garten No. 2, \o. 4171 Germantown avenue.
Katharine \\'. Dewakl, Principal.
The Boudinot School grew out of a private
school, opened in 1814 in a buikhng which
was erected on groun<l donated by Elias
Boudinot. It was located on Hart lane, and
was managed by a board of trustees. In 1842,
however, it became a public school, with
Josiah Kerper as Principal. In 1848 the
name was changed from the Hart Lane School
to Liberty Unclassified School.
This building was abamloned in 1874, when
the present structure of the Boudinot School
CHARLES M. COLLADAY.
was erected. In 18K2 the school was con-
solidated under the Su])ervising Principal-
ship of Miss Elizabeth L, Hall, who was suc-
ceeded in 1883 by Miss Buzby. In 1889
the building was enlarged, and the school
now has fifteen divisions.
When the Liberty School moved into the
Boudinot building the distance to the new
structure was found to he too great for the
pupils living in or near Cooperville, and a
building was rented on Second street above
Tioga, and given the name of the Lil)erty
School. In 1896 this school was transferred
to the new building at Howard and Tioga
streets and called the William Cramp School,
being reorganized as a secondary and pri-
mary. Miss Mary L. Keer was Principal from
1874 to 1896. when she was succeeded by
Miss Sarah Mills.
In 1891 the Thomas Potter School building
was erected.
The Fairhili School was organized in a
building on Indiana avenue near Sixth stree',
that was originally intended as a stable, and
and Sarah Heft. This became a public school
in 1842. and Miss Sarah Heft was the first
Principal. The school was named the Ran-
dolph School, in 1848, and in 1851 became
the Randolph Consolidated. In 1880 the
scliuo! was transferred to the building at
Broad an<l MacFerran streets, and the name
was change<l to Asa Packer. Charles M. Col-
laday has l)een Principal since 1874.
The Hopkiuson School also started as a
private school, being established about 1825,
by Mrs. Susan Passmore, in a building on
Green street. Rising Sun. It l>ecame a public
school in 1842, and was given its present
DR. ROBERT ROIXIERS.
was rented by the Board of Public Education
in 1875. Miss Mary J. D. Ealer was the first
Principal. In 1879, the building becoming
dilapidated, the school was removed to a
dwelling-house at Fairhili and Cambria
streets, and in 1887a new building was erected
for the school at Fairhili and Somerset
streets. In 1892 the school was reorganized
as a combined secondary and primary, with
Miss Pittman as Supervising Principal.
The Asa Packer School grew out of a pri-
vate school which was opened some sixty
years ago in a house on Germantown avenue
-opposite Brunner street, by the Misses Kitty
THOMAS NOON.
name in 1848. Miss Potter has been Principal
since 1874.
In 185'') the Franklinville Consolidated
School was organized in the Franklin Baptist
Church. Rising Sun Lane and North Pennsvl-
vauia Railroa<i. The first Principal was Hen-
rietta Woodruff. In 1869 the school removed
to the building on Turner street above
Venango, an<l was called the Enterprise Con-
solidated School. The name was changed to
Bayard Taylor Consolidated in 1872. and the
school was reorganized as a combined second-
ary and primary in 1891.
What is now the Thirtv-third Section has
since consolidation been respectively a part
of the Twentv-third Section and the Twenty-
fifth Section. It was formed as the Thirtv-
third Section in 1888. The members of the
Board of Public Education representing the
Section since that time have been George W.
Crouch, Daniel Collamer and William
Wrigley.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirty-third Section in 1896 was Dr.
Robert Rodgers; born in Philadelphia, August
31, 1863: elected a Director in 1890; chosen
President in 1894.
The Secretary of the Board was Thomas
Noon; born in Leicester, England, October
J22, 1843; elected a Director in 1880; chosen
Secretary in 1894.
Dr. J. Howard Evans was born in Hatboro,
Pa., January 23, 1848; elected a Director in
the Twenty-fifth Section in 1872, and with
the exception of one year has been a member
of either the Twentv-fifth or the Thirtv-third
« ml
Section school board ever since that time.
Charles Kaufmann was born in Philadel-
l)hia, January 8. 1859; elected a Director in
1 896.
Robert A. Linton was born in Philadelphia,
February 14, 185 1 ; elected a Director in 1895.
James MofTet. Jr., was born in Philadel-
phia, October 17, 1861; elected a Director in
1891 and again in 1895.
George Rickards was born in Delaware, in
1842: elected a Director in 1889.
(ieorge W. Ruch was born in Philadelphia,
October 4, 1862: elected a Director in 1894.
Other members of the Board were Henry
F. Creely, John J. Husband, Martin M. Riehl
and Charles Rittenhousc.
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Schools of the Thirty=fourth Section
Tlie boundaries of the Thirty- fourth Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Thirty-fourth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Market street.
Meadow, Haverford, Forty-fourth, Belmont
avenue. City avenue an<l Cobb's Creek.
The schools of the Thirty-fourth Section
are as follows: Norris J. Hoffman Combined
Grammar, Secondary and Primary School,
Fifty-fifth and Vine streets. William C. Ja-
cobs, Supervising Principal; Martha Wash-
Mary F. Suplee, Principal: Heston Pri-
mary No. I, Fifty-fourth street and
Lansdowne avenue, Martha Brookmyre,
Principal: Heston Primary No. 2, same build-
ing, Sarah E. Countiss, Principal; Kindergar-
ten No. I, Fifty-second and Master streets,
Helen Victorine Ray, Principal; Kindergar-
ten No. 2. Forty-ninth and Parrish streets,
E. Elizabeth Bevan, teacher; Kindergarten
JESSE H, MICHENER.
ington Combined Grammar, Secondary and
Primary, Forty-fourth and .Aspen streets,
Jesse H. Michener, Supervising Principal:
Jesse George Combined Grannnar, Second-
ary and Primary, Sixty-third and Hamilton
streets, J. Frank Ryler, Supervising Prin-
cipal; James Rhoads Secondary and Pri-
mary, Forty-ninth and Parrish streets, Anna
B. Miller, Principal; }ieslon Secondary.
Fifty-fourth street and Lans<lowne avenue.
JAMES RHOAUS.
No. 3. No. 4500 Westminster avenue, Laura
V, Taylor, teacher.
The Thirty-fourth Ward was formed in
1889 by the division of the Twenty-fourth
Ward. '
The oldest school edifice in the Section is
the Heston School, which was built in 1867
and named in honor of Matilda Heston, the
original owner of the ground on which the
building stands. This site was part of an
estate inherited through her ancestors di-
rectly from William Penn. An adjoining
piece of the same property had been granted
to the school authorities some forty years
previous, and on it there had been erected .1
rough stone school-house, called the Heston-
ville School. This building bore the date of
1829, and was in use as a school-house until
the newer structure was ready for occupancy.
It was removed in 1873.
A small frame school-house, also of early
date, accommodated an unclassified school
for perhaps half a century.
The Heston School was opened as an un-
classified school, and has seen a number of
and primary, three divisions from the Hoff-
man School helping to form the new organ-
ization. The school was named in honor of
Jesse George, a highly respected citizen.
The Martha Washington school-house
was erected in 1875. The school originally
contained primary and secondary grades.
In 1893 it became a combined grammar.
secondary and primary.
The Norris J. Hoffman school building
was erected in 1881 and was opened with
four grammar <livisioiis. In J883 the build-
ing was enlarged, and secondarj- and primary
grades were added. These <lepartments were
GEORGE HAUSMAN.
changes during the intervening time since
its organization. Miss Margaret Furey, who
resigned as Principal in 1887, had a record 01
forty years' service in the public schools.
The Jesse George school building was
erected in 1874. It was opened with two
secondary and three primary divisions taken
from the Haddington School. Sixty-sixth
street and Merion avenue. The latter was
organized in 1850, Miss Annie Culin being
the first Principal. The first Principal of the
primary department of the Jesse George
School, Miss Elizabeth McCoy, is still a
teacher in this school. In 1895 it was reor-
ganized as a combined grammar, secondarj'
WILLIAM F. MACUIRB,
all combined in 1890. In 1894 the building
was still further enlarged. Norris J. Hoff-
man, for whom the building was named, was
a member of the Board of Public Education
from the Twenty-fourth Section for fourteen
years.
The James Rhoads School. named
in honor of the late Professor James
Rhoads, at one time a professor in
the Central High School, and father
of Joseph R. Rhoads, the present
member of the Board of PubUc Education
from the Thirty-fourth Section, was erected
t,f '*■
in 1 89 1, and formally opened with interest-
ing exercises on November 20th of that year.
For about two years the school con-
tained grammar as well as secondary and
primary grades, but the grammar grades
were transferred in 1893 to the Washington
School.
For about twenty years a school for
colored children was maintained at Fifty-
eighth and Race streets, called the Union
Colored Secondary School. It was removed
to the Jesse George building and in 1893 ^^'^^
discontinued.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirty-fourth Section in 1896 was George
Hausman; born in Germany, February 13,
1842; elected a Director in 1892; chosen
President in 1895.
The Secretary of the Board was William F.
w
Maguire: born in Philadelphia, November,
1831: elected a Director in 1894; chosen Sec-
retary in 1896.
William D. Kunkle was born in Chesi
County, Pa., in 1839; elected a Director
1896.
Benedict T. Lawrence was born in Phi
delphia, June 7, 1854; elected a Director
1894.
Charles A. Mann was born in Camden,
J., July 30, 1851; elected a Director in i8<
William H. Pavitt was born in Ardmo
Pa., February 9, 1865; elected a Director
1896.
M. Henry O'Neill was born in Phi
delphia, November i, 1847; elected a Direct
in 1890.
Linnaeus A. Prince was bom in Flushir
N. Y., September 30, 1849; elected a Direct
in the Twenty-fourth Section in i88i,and \
been a Director in either the Twenty-foui
or Thirty-fourth Sections continuously sir
that time.
Jacob C. Strode was born in Chesi
County, Pa., July 10, 1842; elected a Direct
in 1894.
Other members of the Board were Alfr
T. Lister, William F. Martin and Rob<
Mars.
523
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5chools of the Thirty=fifth Section
The boundaries of the Thirtv-fifth Ward of
the City of Philadelphia, which comprises the
Thirty-fifth Section of the First School Dis-
trist of Pennsylvania, are Bucks County line,
the Delaware River, Chester road, Dark Jlun
lane, Tacony Creek and Montgomery County
line.
The schools of the Thirty-fifth Section are
as follows: Henrv Disston Combined Grain-
mar, Secondary and Primary School, Long-
shore and Ditman streets, Tacony, William J.
Moran, Supervising Principal; Joseph Brown
Consolidated School, Main street, Holmes-
l)urg, Robert G. Swift, A. M., Principal;
Fayette Consolidated School, Bustleton,
Franklin F. Cartledge, A. M., Principal; -
Wissinoming Consolidated School, Van Kirk
and Jackson streets, Wissinoming, Abel J.
Evans, Principal; Fox Chase Consolidated
School, Second street road. Fox Chase,
Oscar Gerson, Principal; Washington Con-
solidated School, Lawndale Station, William
C. Marvin, Principal; Watson Comly Con-
solidated School, Somerton, Percival S.
Woodin, Principal; Holme Consolidated
School, Academy road, Collegeville, Josepli
S. Briggs, Principal; Wheat Sheaf Consoli-
<Jated School, Bustleton Turnpike and Town-
ship Line, Elizabeth Baillie, Principal; Ben-
jamin Rush Consolidated School, Cresson's
Corner, By berry, Henry S. Longaker,
teacher; Mechanicsville Consolidated School,
Byberry, Stephen W. Bartine, teacher; Maple
Grove Consolidated School, Red Lion and
Academy roads, Byberry, Samuel D. Parry,
teacher; Tillyer Consolidated School, Red
Lion road above Bustleton, Edwin Y. Mon-
tanye, teacher; Godfrey Consolidated School,
Comly and Byberry roads, E. A. Heilman,
teacher; Henry Disston Kindergarten,
I'acony, Katharine B. Harrison, teacher;
Joseph H. Brown Kindergarten, Holmes-
])urg, M. C. Smith, teacher.
The Thirty-fifth Ward, comprising as it
does nearly one-third of the area of the entire
city, is largely an agricultural district, and its
school system is very different from that ex-
isting in the built-up portions. Some of the
teachers are obliged to instruct the entire
twelve grades instead of one each. There are
fourteen diflferent school properties, situated
miles apart.
In the old townships of Byberry and More-
land, comprising the extreme northeastern
section of the ward and of the county, the
principal school previous to the Revolution
was at Byberry, near the Meeting House,
and was under the care of the preparative
meeting of the Society of Friends. On the
site of what is now the Tillyer School, chil-
dren have been taught since 1790, at what
was for many years a pay school. The pres-
ent school, together with the Patrick Henry
at Somerton, the Benjamin Rush and the
Godfrey were built in 1847.
A school has for many years been main-
tained at Mechanicsville, on the extreme
edge of the county. About 1849 a difficulty
arose in regard to the attendance of colored
children in the public schools, and the
Mechanicsville School was changed into a
colored school and called the James Forten
531
School. Few of the colored children at-
tended, however, most of them lieing: sent to
the Friends' School at Byberry,
In the year 1800 a log school-honse was
huilt at Powelton, on the Byberry atid More-
land line, and in 1854 the Controllers had the
lot conveyed to them. A new stone build-
ing was then erected near the site of the old
one, and called the Maple Grove School.
John Comly was probably the most prom-
inent of the early teachers in this Section, and
his repntation as an educator and as a
preacher in the Society of Friends was wide-
sprea<l.
The Henry Disston's Sons Co., saw mami-
factwrers, had just located at this point, anil
it remained for them to supply the adequate
acconmiodation for the children of those
whom their establishment had attracte<l
there. They erected a frame building suit-
able for school purposes, whicii was imme-
diately taken possession of by another
division of the Tacony School. It was rented
by them to the city until 1883.
'i'wo or three societies were organized in
the Tacony School under the direction an>'.
encouragement of its Principal, T. Worcester
MISS ELIZABETH HAILLIE.
The history of the Tacony schools dates
back to the middle of the present century,
when a Httie frame structure still standing on
Tacony street was built. The Principal of
this school for many years was Robert T.
Murphy, now Principal of the Manayunk
(irammar School. This Iniilding was used
until 187J, when a substantial stone building
was erected by the city. This structure is
still standing and is now used as an anne.\ to
the Police Station. It had scarcely been
completed, when it was lilled to its nlniost
ca]>acily by the steadily increasing number of
children, and it was soon discovered that an
ad<[ili(nial room could be tilled.
Worrell. The number included the famous
Sorosis, the first women's club organized in
the United States. .\ scientific and literan-
association, numbering among its meniljers
such persons as M. Louise Thomas. Dr. K. J-
Wright, Jacob Mills. Fsq.. Thomas Disston
and John II. Currier was also founded here.
I-'rom this society sprang the Henrv Disston
I-ibrary, the first book of which was <lonatetI
by a pupil of the school. Charles Shallcross.
A building and loan association was alsi>
()rganized. .\ti of these organizations wea'
closely associated with the early schools.
During the period between 1875 and 188;.
Tacony made rapid strides in population, auil
it became necessary for the school authorities
HENRV DISSTON C
BINED GRAMMAR. SECONDARY AND PRIM
Ijingshore and Dilman SlrMl», Ticony.
ThirtylinhSecHon.
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to procure still another biiiltling^. The Diss-
ton's then came forward and donated the
gronnd at the corner of Longshore and
Ditnian streets, and the city erected thereon,
in 1883, a fine stone structure of ten divisions.
This building was very properly called the
Henry Disston School, In 1889 an addition
was built to it. Tacony School, up to this
time, had been one of the schools of the
Twenty-third Section, but the ward was
divided in 1890, and this portion became a
part of the Tbirty-f^ftb Ward. The Henry
Disston School was combined under a Super-
vising Principal in 1890.
School life in Bustleton began with the
settlement itself, there being several private
schools in the vicinity at an early date.
These schools Hourisbed until the free schools
were establishe<i by the Board of Controllers.
John Xeville was the first Principal of the
Bustleton School. .A man named Crispen and
another, Walter Hibhs. were the next Princi-
pals successively. In 1831 Joshua B. Smith
conducted the school, and he was followed by
Charles Hoag. one of the founders of the city
of Minneapolis and the frieuil and associate of
John G. Whittier. About this time the name
of the Bustleton (Irammar School or Acad-
emy was changed to the Fa\-ette. George
W. Fetter, afterwards Principal of the Xor-
mal School, being Principal.
During Mr. Fetter's incumbency a new
school was built, in 1854, upon the site of the
ol<! one. Among the different Principals
were Dr. Joseph C. Martindale, Charles H.
Rainier, Charles .\. Singer, James F. C.Sickel,
James W. Bunting, Henry C. Payne. William
Jacobs, A\'illiam L. Balentine, S. E. B.
Kinsloe and P'ranklin F. Cartledge.
The Wissinoming School is a monument
to the intelligence and energy of .\meri-
can workingmen. In 1884 not a dozen
houses marked the present town site. In
December of that year, at a large meeting of
workingmen held in the Thirty-first Ward,
was.instituted a corporation taking the name
and title, Wissinoming Mutual Land and
Improvement Association. Its object was
the attainment for its members of the owner-
ship of a sufficient quantity of land to build
comfortable homes. Sixty acres of land were
purchased in the then Twenty-third Ward,
e.xtending westward from Torresdale avenue
to Erdvvick street and northwar<l from Dark
Run lane to Comly street. This area was
subdivided into lots containing from 5,000 to
7,000 square feet each. Streets were opened
and rapidly graded.
The year 1887 found sixty-nine houses and
one chapel comprising the town. A dona-
WATSON COMLV.
tion of a lot, which is the present site of the
school, and the few hundred dollars of an
unexpended balance in its treasury, were
made to the town for educational purposes
by the Land .Association.
On October 8, 1888, the school was opened
and fully established with eighty-two scholars
under the charge of W. H. Mollis as Principal.
In 1890 William J. Moran succeeded as Prin-
cipal. In 1891 Elmer E. Michener became
Principal and was succeeded by A. J. Evans,
the present Principal.
In pursuance of tiie action of a public
meeting of the citizens of Fox Chase and
vicinity, held on March 21, 1891, to organize
a movement to secure the erection of a new
school-house upon the Old ( Octagon )
School-house Lot, Fox Chase, of which
the Rev. Samuel J. Milliken was chair-
man, and W, Austin Yerkes was secre-
tary, the chairman appointed the fol-
lowing freeholders as trustees of the lot:
AVilliam H. Rhawn, Joseph V. Crawford.
Richard \V. Clay, Dr. Chandler Weaver,
Robert \V, Ryerss. Dr, John Sibbaid, William
F. McFarland. Dr. Lndwig S. Filbert, Joseph
Ashby and Kennedy Crossan: and as treas-
Until 1891 the school had only one di%'ision,
hut since 1892 there have been three.
By a clause in Thomas Holme's will, dated
1694. he gave £4 for the good of Dublin
Township. In 1723 his heirs set apart
a lot of ground for a school. In 1793 Strick-
land Foster, Principal of the old log school-
house, witha numberof citizens of thevicinity,
obtained from the State authorities a charter
for the Lower Dublin ,\cademy, and imme-
diately subscriptions were opened to enable
the trustees to build a larger and more con-
venient building for the uses of the Academy.
On N'ovember 5, 1844, the board of directors
of public schools made a proposition to the
VILLI.'VM E. ERVIN.
urer, Edward S, Handy. Jr, The board of
trustees of the Old School-house Lot. Fox
Chase, organized on March 28th by the elec-
tion of William H. Rhawn as president, and
Joseph U. Crawford as secretary. Charles
E. Pancoast, Esq.. was subsequently retained
as counsel.
By deed of dedication, executed Jannarv
29, 1892. the trustees conveyed the lot to the
city, and in 1S94 a school-house was built.
The \\ashington School was opened as a
private school in the early part of the cen-
tury. It became a public school in 1827.
The present building was erected in 1867.
trustees to lease tlie academy for a term of
years, with privilege to so alter it as to make
it adaptable for the purposes of a grammar
school. Six days later a lease was signed.
The teachers of the academy were Strick-
land Foster, Timothy R. Ryan, Talbot
flamilton, James W. Chapman, James
Tatheni, Benjamin Hopkins. Joseph Lock-
head, James W. Chapman, William B, Hill
anil Thomas Shallcross.
One of the most interestin};r features of
this noted building is the old clock now seen
in the dormer window. Edward DuffieUl. a
resident of the vicinitv, who was an associate
THE NcTToiiK |
PUBLIC l;.;I^ary
A8T0K, L£NOX AND
T1LD8JN FO¥MDATIOM8
LJ
of Jefferson, Washington and Franklin, was
a clockmaker at the corner of Second and
Arch streets. At Franklin's suggestion he
made a large clock with two faces and hung
it obliquely from the corner of the store so
that it could be seen by persons approaching
from any direction. This clock was after-
wards presented to the academy by the
maker.
In 1 85 1 the public school authorities
erected the Wheat Sheaf school-house on the
site of a private school conducted by Charles
Shallcross. There is a cupola on top of the
building in which there is a large bell that is
still used to notify the pupils that the school
hour has arrived. It was frequently rung
during the Civil War to call the farmers to
mass meetings. The Principal of the school
is Miss Elizabeth Baillie.
The old Columbia school-house, which was
vacated upon the completion of the hand-
some new Joseph Brown School in 1895, was
built in 1846. The first Principal of the •
boys' granunar department was Humphry-
J. Waterman.
The late Watson Comlv, after whom the
school at Somerton, built in 1893, was named,
was one of the best-known citizens of north-
ern Philadelphia. He was a direct descend-
ent of Henrv Comlv, who came to this
countrv with Wm. Penn in 1682. He was
the father-in-law of Thomas Shallcross, who
has represented the Thirty-fifth Section in
the Board of Public Education since the
Thirty-fifth Ward was first formed. [See
Board of Public Education.]
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the P)Oard of Directors of
the Thirty-fifth Section in 1896 was Dr. H.
A. P. Xeel; born in Philadelphia, January i,
1855; elected a Director in 1887 (then in the
Twenty-third Section Board); chosen Presi-
dent in 1892.
The Secretary was William E. Ervin; born
in Philadelphia: elected a Director in 1888;
chosen Secretary in 1891.
T. Miles Brous was born in Philadelphia,
November 20, 1837; elected a Director in
1887.
Isaac Tomlinson was born in 1832; elected
a Director in 1874.
William Bender Wilson was born in Harris-
burg, Pa., April 5, 1839: elected a Director in
1894.
Other members of the Board were H. H.
Barton, Barton Castor, Charles G. Freed, Z.
T. Kirk, Horace B. Rowland, Frank Shall-
cross and Augusta T. Tomlinson.
S39
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THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC L'i^RARY
» ASTOR, LENOX AND
! TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
Schools of the Thirty=sixth Section
The boundaries of the Thirtv-sixth Ward
of the City of Philadelphia, which comprises
the Thirty-sixth Section of the First School
District of Pennsylvania, are Washington
avenue and Eighteenth street, to Gray's
Ferry avenue, to Ellsworth street, to Eight-
eenth, to the Schuylkill River.
The schools of the Thirtv-sixth Section are
as follows: James Logan Combined Gram-
mar, Secondary and Primary School, Nine-
teenth and Reed streets, Watson Cornell,
Supervising Principal, and Lurana J.
Williamson, Vice-Principal; Gustavus A.
Benson Combined Grammar, Secondary
and Primarv, Twentv-seventh and Whar-
ton streets, William E. Balentine, Super-
vising Principal: Landreth Combined Sec-
ondarv and Primarv, Twentv-third and
Federal streets, Lillie Wallace, Supervis-
ing Principal; James Alcorn Combined
Higher Grade Secondary and Primary
School, Thirty-fourth and Wharton streets,
Ella S. Braden, Supervising Principal;
McDaniel Combined Secondary and Pri-
mary, Twenty-first and Moore streets, Mary
McConnell, Supervising Principal ; Point
Breeze Consolidated School, Twenty-seventh
street and Passyunk avenue, Sue A. Lowery,
Principal: Girard Consolidated School, Pass-
yunk avenue and Eighteenth street, Jessie
S. Bagg, Principal; Franklin Consolidated
School, Rope Ferry road, Lottie K. Siddons,
Principal; Kindergarten No. i, Thirty-third
and Wharton streets, Louisa B. Renshaw,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 2, Twenty-third
and Federal streets, Rebecca S. Van Haagen,
teacher; Kindergarten No. 3, Twenty-seventh
street and Passvunk avenue, Lidie L. Garvin,
teacher.
An interesting old landmark is the Girard
Consolidated School, at Passvunk avenue and
Eighteenth street, facing Rope Ferry road.
It is a substantial brick building, and in its
time was an adornment to Passyunk Town-
ship, as that part of the city was known in
the early days. It is now regarded with
veneration by reason of its history, but for
practical school purposes is no longer a de-
sirable building, and a new structure, modern
in all its appointments, is to be erected on
an adjoining lot.
The Girard School was erected in 1833.
It was not organized as a public school, but
was provided for by Stephen Girard in his
will. What is known as the old Girard
homestead, w^hich was Mr. Girard's country
residence, is located only a short distance
from the school.
Bv the terms of his will there was
bequeathed ''unto Philip Peltz, John Lentz,
Francis Hesley, Jacob Baker and Adam
Young, of Passyunk Township, in the
County of Philadelphia, the sum of
$6,000 in trust, that they, or the sur-
vivors, or survivor of them shall pur-
chase a suitable piece of ground, as near
as may be in the centre of said township,
and thereon erect a substantial brick building,
sufficiently large for a school-house, and the
residence of a schoolmaster, one part thereof
for poor male white children, and the other
part for poor female white children of said
township; and as soon as the said school-
house shall have been built, that they, the
545
said trustees, or the survivors or survivor of
them, shall convey the said piece of ground
and house thereon erected, and shall pay over
such balance of said sum as may remain un-
expended to any board of directors and their
successors in trust, which may at the time
exist or be by law constituted, consisting of
at least twelve discreet inhabitants of the
said township, and to be annually chosen by
the inhabitants thereof; the said piece of
ground and house to be carefully maintained
by said directors and their successors, solely
for the purposes of a school as aforesai<i for-
ever, and the said balance to be secnrelv in-
WATSON CORNELL.
vested as a permanent fund, interest thereof
to be applied from time to time toward the
education in said school of any number of
such poor white children of said township;
and I do hereby recommend to the citizens
of said township to make additions to the
fund whereof I have laid the foundation,"
The building was erected, and the school
was opened in 1833. with about 30 pupils.
The provision for the residence of the school-
master was evidently not appreciated by the
early masters, none of whom lived in the
school. The janitor or housekeeper, how-
ever, has always occupied the residence por-
tion of the building.
No one responded to Mr. Girard's recom-
mendation that additions be made to the
fund foun<led by him. and the trustees dis-
co\ered that they had insufficient means with
which to properly carry on the school for any
length of time. It struggled along for
several years, but was finally closed. In 1867
the building was turned over to the Board of
Public Education and was reopened as a
public school with about 60 pupils.
Notwithstanding the fact that new schools
have been located not far from the Girard
School, its attendance has increased in recent
years, there being at present over 200 pupils
enrolled. This is believed to be largely due
to the interest felt in the old school by
residents of that section.
The Point Breeze School was organized in
1795 as a private school, being originally
located in a small frame building. A new
school-house was erected in 1826, and was
used until 1879, when the present buildin;;
was erected.
The following are among those who have
been Principals of the Point Breeze School:
John C. Hutton. John S. Furey, Davis
.Moore. Charles Gilbert. Watson Cornell.
William J. Rogers and Miss S. A. Lowery.
In 1845 the Landreth family ceded to the
city for school purposes a lot of land on
Federal street. On this lot stood an old
brick farm house, which was altered consider-
ably and converted into a public school. It
was called the Landreth School. It was
destroyed by fire in 1865, and the following
year an appropriation for a new building al
Twenty-third and Federal streetswas secured.
The year i88g saw the erection of a still
larger building for the Landreth School,
The original building of the Franklin Con-
solidated School was erected in 1842, and
opened as a public school in January, 1843.
This was the first public school in the old
Passyunk Township. Of those who attended
the school when it was first opened \ery few
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THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR. LENOX AHD
TILDK» FOUNOATIOWS
R 4-
are still living. Tlie nuinl>€r includes Charles
. Singky, Joseph Shisler and William Toms.
Owing to the distance from the school to
the city proper there was more or less
difficulty experienced in securing and retain-
ing teachers for the Franklin School, and it
was frequently closed temporarily. The first
teacher was William Cnshnian. Among
others who have taught there are Edgar A.
Singer, now Assistant Superintendent of
Puhlic Schools; Charles Brelsford and Henry
B. Whittington, who are Principals in other
Sections, and the present incumbent. T.ottie
K. Siddons.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirty-sixth Section in 1896 was William
MacDonald; horn in Philadelphia, September
j8, 1852; elected a Director in 1893; chosen
President in 1893.
'I'he Secretary of the Board was Alexander
J. Whittingham; born in Philadelphia, iu
[H61: elected a Director in 1888, chosen Sec-
retary of the Twenty-sixth Section Board in
1890 and of the Thirty-sixth Section Board
in 1893.
Robert P. Crouse was horn in Philadelphia,
January 28, 1846: elected a Director in 1893.
WILLIAM MAcnOXALD
Ttie Delaplaine Mc Daniel School was
opened in 1892, and the building was en-
larged in the following year. Miss McCon-
nell has been the Principal since the school
was first organized.
In 1896 the (justavus A. Benson School
was organized in the handsome new building
at Twenty-seventh and Wharton streets.
The largest school in the Section, and, in
fact, one of the largest in the city, is the
James Logan School, which, under Supervis-
ing Principal Watson Cornell, has attaine<l a
high reputation.
ALEXANDER J. WHITTINGHAM.
Robert J. Hewlett was horn in Philadel-
phia, Januarv 22, 1868; elected a Director in
1894.
John W. Conner was born in Philadelphia,
.\pril 8, i8f)2: elected a Director in 1893.
John A. McCaughey was born in Coates-
ville, Pa.. October 9, 1842: elected a Director
in 1893.
John C O'Keefe was bom in Philadelphia,
January 19, 1861; elected a Director in 1896.
Joseph Russell was born in Philadelphia,
August 31. 18(13: elected a Director in 1893.
James W, Smith was born in Philadelphia,
November 7. 1 857 ; elected a Director in 1893.
Other members of the Board were John F.
Glenn. James McCracken and John Milligan.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC l;,:rary
>3TOR, LENOX AND
iLDElf FOUNDATIONS
I THE NEW YORK
! PUBLIC LIDRARY
/3TOR, LENOX AND
T : •. ^ •:>: .FOUNDATIONS
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■..;■[:,[,•; (-RARY
•■<.l-::nox and
•^..UNUATiONS
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5 '^'., LTNOX AND
-L- -s rouN Nations
L
Schools of the Thirty=seventh Section
The bouiKlaries of the Thirty-seventh
Ward of the City of Philadelphia, which com-
prises the Thirty-seventh Section of the First
School District of Pennsylvania, are Broad
street, Gerniantown avenue and Susquehanna
avenue.
The schools of the Thirty-seventh Section
are as follows: Cambria Combined Grammar,
Secondary and Primary School, Thirteenth
street below Cambria. David H,. Stout,
Pilkington, teacher; Kindergarten No. 3,
No. 2847 North Eleventh street, Susan E.
Sensor, teacher.
The Thirty-seventh Section was organized
in 1892. when the Thirty-seventh Ward was
formed by the division of the Twenty-eighth.
The school-houses are of comparatively re-
cent construction. They are very much
:. WILLIAM K. MATTERN.
Supervising Principal: Oakdale Secon<lary
School. Eleventh and Huntingdon streets.
Kate E. Stevens, Principal: Oakdale Primary
School No. I, Eleventh and Huntingdon
streets, Olivia Schlecht, Principal; Oakdale
Primary No. 2, same Iniikling, Laura S.
Thomas, Principal ; Kindergarten No. i ,
Tenth and Tahasa streets, Katie Jane Kant-
ner. Principal: Kindergarten No. 2. German-
town avenue near Tioga street, Sarah J.
over-crowded and efforts are being made to
secure an addition to the Cambria School.
The late Dr. William K.Mattern, Coroner's
physician, was appointed to represent the new
Section in the Board of Public Education in
1893, and continued as a member of that body
until his death, in April, 1896.
Dr. Mattern was born in Berks County on
August 5, 1847. He came to Philadelphia
when a young man, and in 1870 entered the
Philadelphia College of Pharmac)', from
which institution he was graduated four
years later. Soon afterward he opened a
drug store, and also began the study of
medicine. Entering Jefferson College, he
took the full course. an<l was graduated in
1882.
The following year he was elected a mem-
ber of the Twenty-eighth Section School
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
The President of the Board of Directors of
the Thirty-seventh Section in 1896 was
W'iUiam D. Spencer; born in the State of
Delaware, September 9, 1850; elected a Di-
rector in 1893: chosen President in 1896.
The Secretary of the Board was Charles H.
X'anfleet. the Section's representative in the
WILLIAM D SPENCEk.
CHARLES H. VANFLEET.
Board, of which he soon became FVesident
and later Secretary, holding the former office
for a term of one year and the latter for a
term of five years.
Charles H. Vanfleet. who had been Secre-
tary of the Board of Directors of the Section
since its organization, was appointed, in June.
1896, to succeed Dr. Mattern in the Board of
Public Education.
Board of Public Education. [For biography
see page 1 18.]
Other members of the Board were Charle?
Coates. John E. Balderston. P. Oliver Derr.
D. Edward Moore. Jacob W. Reiff, H. L.
Roat. C. J. Schock, William F. Siegener,
Charles Walker, Ormond Rambo and William
I.. Young.
III
!;? S
f
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOf^, LENOX AMD
TILD£N FOUMDATIOMS
It L
THE NEW YORK
PUBUC UBBABT
ABTOR. LENOX AND
TifoSMFOUWDATlONS
School Organizations
The Associated Alumni of the Central
High School
(iradnates of the Central High School first
organized an association in 184.?. under the
name of "The Ahnnni Association of the
Central High School of Philadelphia." It
thrived for a inniiber of years, during which
period what was called the Ahinini address
was delivered annually on the evening of the
February commencement day by some mem-
ber elected bv the Association.
A move to increase the efficiency of this
.Association was made in 1886, when a reor-
ganization took place and new by-laws were
adopted. The membership .soon increased
largely in number, and with the celebration
of the semi-centennial of the High School, in
1888, the Associated .\lumni became firmly
established as an iiiHwential and efficient or-
ganization.
"The Alumni Tnstituteof the Central High
School" was the title under which an asso-
ciation of the graduates was organized in
1867, as an adjunct to the former association.
These organizations were succeeded in 1873
by the Associated Alumni of the Central
High School of Philadelphia, under which
title the present Association was incorpo-
rated.
The semi-centennial celebration included a
public meeting at the Academy of Music on
October 29, 1888, under the auspices of the
Associated Alumni, and a reception on the
evening of October 30th, at St. George's
Hall.
The Academy meeting was a most notable
affair. Colonel Robert P. Dechert presided.
Seated on the stage were the faculty of the
school, members of the Boani of Public Edu-
cation and of City Councils, and many other
prominent men, including; ex-Governor Rob-
ert E. Pattison, President of the Associated
Alumni; ex-Governor Curtin, ex-Governor
Pollock, General Louis Wagner, then Di-
rector of Public Works; William Pepper. M.
D., then Provost of the University of Penn-
sylvania; William V. McKean. Colonel Wil-
liam B. Mann. General George R. Snowden.
Professor James MacAlister. then Superin-
tendent of Public Schools; Judges William B.
Hanna, D, Xewiin Fell. Joseph C. Ferguson,
James Gay Gordon and F. Amadee Bregv
Colonel M. Richards Muckle, James M. For-
sythe. U, S. A.; General James W. Latta.
Major William H.Lambert. Professor George
D. Fetterolf. President of Girard College;
Professor Samuel Mecutchen, Professor
James McChme. Professor George J. Becker,
Professor George W. Fetter, then Principal
of the Normal School: Henry M. Dechert,
Dr. Henry Hartshorn. Joel Cook, Professor
Daniel \\'. Howard. Charles H. Cramp. Ed-
ward Shippen and Benjamin F. Teller.
The music was furnished by the Gerniania
Orchestra. After prayer by Rev. John E.
Cookman, D. D.. of Xew York. Colonel
Dechert opened the meeting with an address.
in which he traced the origin and advance-
ment of public education in Pennsylvania.
Judge Michael Arnold followed with an ad-
dress on "The .Xdministration of Professor
John S. Hart," and Dr. S. SoHs-Cohen spoke
about "The Central High School asaTeacher
of Science." "The Value of the Central High
School in Its Relation to the Public Schools"
was the topic upon which Judge William X.
.\shnian addressed the meeting. He replied
to the criticisms which were at that time be-
ing made concerning the High School, show-
ing them to be uncalled for and untrue. In
closing he spoke of a prevalent undesirable
tentlency in educational institutions from
which the High School is free, and gave an
elo(|uent exposition of what the High School
boy is not. An extract of this speech will
not be out of place: —
"Grant, if you will, that the studies in that
school are superficial; may there not be. nay,
is there not, such an evil as overtraining? Re-
member, the portals of our colleges are prac-
tically barred against the children of the poor;
and the material upon which these institu-
tions work is taken from among the wealthy
and the well-to-do. And what is the result?
Why, hundreds of American youth, of the
laissez-faire order, enter these seminaries for
the same reason that they wear a silk hat—
because it is respectable to do so. Every day
that I live I see young men blushing — I was
about to say, but young men in this age do
not blush — over the honors of the class room
and the greater honor of the sheepskin, but
out of whose small brains the mills of the
schools have ground all capacity for self-
thought and independent endeavor.
"These men annoy me. They have learned
by rote certain axioms of philosophy, and, in
what may be termed the mechanics of learn-
ing, they are above criticism. In the realms
of the imagination. wherethought is creative,
they are beneath all criticism. The little
learning they have gotten is as cumbrous an
implement in their hands as a steam plough
in the hands of a dentist. They are simply
and only respectable. If there is one being in
the world for whom I have an abiding, an im-
movable and an unutterable contempt, it is a
respectable man.
"In an age panting with brave thoughts
and ringing with braver deeds, hefloats above
the struggle — an insect in the sunlight.
What matters it to him that great problems
on which the destiny of the State depends
must be solved: woidd you have him descend
to the turmoil of politics? He is too res])ect-
able! What matters it that capital cries out
against labor, and labor against capital, and
that wise counsels are needed to avert the
ominous conflict? His wealth is assured, and
he is respectable! What matters it that great
wrongs appeal for vengeance, that the starv-
ing ask for food, and the ignorant for knowl-
edge, and the erring for help— -shall be go
down to the slums, or confront the criminal
in his lair? Why, he is a respectable man!
"Thank God. the High School could not if
she would, and would not if she could, give
birth to such a nerveless spectre of manhood.
Her men may be scantily decked with the in-
signia of learning, but they are to be found
where the work is hardest and the battle un-
certain. Against all the obloquy which may
be heaped upon her. our school will point to
the lives of these, her children, as the vindi-
cation of her fair name and the reason for her
being."
A notable feature of the celebration was
the reading of an original poem by George
Alfred Townsend, the well-known author and
journalist. The poem; —
" The High School man his moiher knows,
Whatc'er his stature, now or then
As yonder cily tower grows
Toward the feet of William Penn.
'■ Plain as his form above the throng.
To such 3. patron we refer —
Though we are many thousand strong,
We look not down but up to Her.
" Prim Quaker Dame, her strength we bless
Who culled us with her shepherd's crook :
She found us straying purposeless,
And in our hands she put a book.
" It saves us half our fathers' pains,
The world flew wide and opened lanes
Of golden opportunity.
'■ That bare brickyard, almost as hard
As Pharaoh's brickyard to the Jews,
Now seems to us the palace yard
Where Pharaoh's daughter let us choose.
"God bless the sunny corner spot I—
The cool wide halls, the basement paves,
The living men requited not,
The old professors in their graves.
" The forethought tike the glance of Mars.
Where'er the Philadelphian rules.
That built a dome to seek (he stars
Among his constellated schools.
■' From ihis reunion, brethren, let
God-like imagination grow
Above ihe sneering earth, and set
Our standard lofty as the snow.
" Goodwill, good words for fellow-friend ;
Appreciation warm and fond ;
As if this world were at an end,
And we were graduates beyond."
Colonel Charles H. Banes spoke on "The
High School During the War," giving; many
interesting reminiscences of war times and of
the High School boys who went to the front.
William M, Smith. President of Common
Council, who was to have delivered an ad-
dress on "The Reasons Which Led to the Or-
ganization of the Central High School, " was
unable to be present. William H. Staake,
Esq., read Mr. Smith's letter of regret at his
inability to take the part assigned him. an<l
also read several other letters from absent
graduates.
Professor Henry Clark Johnson, the newly-
elected president of the faculty, made a brief
speech, and was followed by John F. Lewis,
Esq., who spoke in the place of Hon. Lewis
C. Cassidy, ex-Attorney-General of Pennsyl-
vania, who was absent by reason of illness.
published by the Associated Alumni, and a
general catalogue of the school from the time
of its organization, was published by the
Board of Public Education.
As a memorial of the occasion the Aiumni
Memorial Library was formed by the contri-
butions of individual alumni. It now con-
tains about 2,000 volumes.
The objects of the incorporators of the As-
sociated -Alumni, as stated tn the charter, are
to perpetuate the friendly relations and at-
tachments formed while fellow-students, to
unite their energies and influence in promot-
ing the interests of the school and of the pub-
lic school system of Pennsylvania, and to
The last speaker was ex-Governor Robert E.
Pattison, whose topic was "The Duty of the
State to Furnish Gratuitous Higher Educa-
tion." The exercises were closed with the
benediction, pronounced by Rev. Samuel
Laird, D. D.
The celebration was concluded on the fol-
lowing evening, October 30, 1888, with a re-
ception held at St. George's Hall, under the
auspices of the Associated .Muiiini. Every
graduating class was represented.
At the time of the semi-centennial a report
of the proceedings, with an historical sketch
of the High School by George H. Cliff was
contribute to each other's welfare and ad-
vancement in life.
There are three divisions of membership:
active, corresponding and honorary. Grad-
uates who have received the degree of Bach-
elor of Arts and members of the former as-
sociation are eligible to active membership:
and partial-course students to corresponding
membership, as regulated by the by-laws.
Provision is also made for life membership-
Stated meetings of the Associated Alunini
are held in February and June. The boar"
of managers, composed of nine officers am!
fifteen managers, has stated meetings in Feb-
ruary, March, June, October and December.
For some years past a reunion of the mem-
bers has been held annually in December,
The board of managers make semi-annual
reports to the association, and reports are
also made bythe treasurer.master of archives,
librarian, historian and committees.
The greater part of the practical work of
the Associated Alumni is of a suggestive and
advisory nature, and is accomplished in a
quiet way without boast or flourish. All
movements and projects affecting the insti-
tution in any way receive the careful consid-
eration of the association and of the board of
managers, and by consultation and co-opera-
tion with the school authorities of the city,
active efforts are made to advance the cause
of higher education and of the public school
system in general. The association was par-
ticularly active in securing appropriations fo.'
the new building, now being erected.
For a number of years it has been the cus-
tomof the AssociatedAlumni to award prizes
for scholarship to students of the school. To
insure the permanency of this custom a prize
fund has been created. As this fund increases
the number of prizes to be awarded can be
enlarged. ,-\ny alunmus or friend of the in-
stitution may designate a donation as a spe-
cial fund to be invested as a memorial, and
the income used for such prizes as he may di-
rect. The prizes are publicly awarded on
Commencement Day.
High School graduates stand foremost
among respected business and professional
men in Philadelphia. Many have been ele-
vated to positions of trust in the service of the
city. State and Nation.*
Prominent among those who have occupied
public office an<l positions of prominence are:
Ex-U. S. Senator Charles F. Manderson, of
Nebraska: ex-Governor of Pennsylvania,
Robert E, Pattison: ex-Governor and Su-
preme Court Justice of New Jersey, Leon
Abbet. deceased; ex-Lieutenant-Govemor of
Washington Territory, judge Elwood Evans;
ex-Commissioner of Patents, Samuel S.
Fisher, deceased; George Davidson, who has
served the United States Coast Survey on the
Pacific Coast for over fifty years ; James Cog-
gins, who was a member of the California
Legislature; General James \V. Latta, Secre-
tary of Internal Affairs of Pennsylvania;
William V. McGrath, deceased, who was State
Treasurer of Pennsylvania; Congressman
Ignatius Donnelly, of Minnesota, also a fa-
mous author;VVilliamVVilkinsCarrJawyer and
Postmaster of Philadelphia; Charles S, Lin-
coln, Clerk of United States District Court;
•For the accompanyine compilnliaii ofgradualeB' names,
the author is indebted to the able historian of the Associated
Alumni, Harry S. Hopper, Esq.
Cyrus Newliii. <leceased. United States Dis-
trict Attorney of Virginia; Clinton Rogers
Woodruff, Secretary of the Municipal
League; George Harding, the expert patent
lawyer.
Harry R, Comly. District Attorney of
Helena, Montana; Adam Everly, ex-Consul
to Birmingham. England; Alexander P,
Colesberry. United States Marshal; Dominic
I. Murphy, United States Commissioner of
Pensions; Lewis .\. Kershaw, who became a
barrister of London; John J. Ridgway, ex-
Collector of the Port: Henry C. Parsons. ex-
Mayor ofWilliamsport. Pennsylvania ;WilHam
Nelson West, deceased, City Solicitor; George
E. Kirkpatrick, Superinteiulent of the Girard
Estate; Harry L. \eall, Secretary of City
Civil Service Board; George A. Bullock, ex-
Chief of Bureau of Highways: John L. Ogden,
ex-Chief of Water Department; Alfred S.
Eisenhower, Chief of Bureau of City Prop-
erty; William J. Roney, Receiver of Taxes:
Park Commissioners David \V. Sellers and
John G. Johnson, also eminent lawyers: James
L. Miles, President of Select Council: Wencel
Hartman, President of Conunon Council ;
John R. Stevens and Richard Peltz, of the
Building Commission.
Ex-Congressman John \'.Creely;Walter E.
Rex, ex-Register of Wills: District .\ttorney
Henry S. Hagert. deceased: David H. Lane,
ex-Recorder of Philadelphia; William Mc-
Michael, deceased. Assistant U. S. Attorney;
General Roherl P. Dechert, deceased. County
Controller of Philadelphia; William H. James,
deceased. District .\ttorney of Venango
County, Pennsylvania, and Councilman of
Philadelphia; John P. J. Sensenderfer, County
Commissioner; Lewis C. Cassidy, deceased,
Attorney-General of Pennsylvania; Andrew
Mason, U. S. Assay Officer, New York;
ex-Judge Henry J. McCarthy, of the Superior
Court of Pennsylvania: Justice James T.
Mitchell, of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court,
Judges James Gay Gordon, Michael Arnold,
Mayer Sulzberger and Abraham M. Beitler
and ex-Judge Theo<lore F. Jenkins, of the
Courts of Common Pleas: Judge James Lynd,
deceased. Judges William B. Hanna. William
\. Ashman and Joseph C. Ferguson, of the
Orphans' Court: Justice Edward Patterson.
of the Supreme Court of New York: James B.
Sheridan, deceased. Justice of New York
Marine Court.
P. A. B. Widener, Thomas Dolan and
David W. Dickson, of the city railway cor-
porations, were students in the school; also
Captain John P. Green, Joseph S. Harris.
Clinton G. Hancock, Stephen W. White, John
R. Faiishawc, James G. McCoUin. officers of
railroad corporations: also shipbuilders
Cramps and Dialogue: William P. Henszey,
of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, and
Clement A. Griscom, of the great navigation
companies.
Other prominent Alumni are James L
Hays, President of the State Board of Educa-
tion of New Jersey: T. Guilford Smith, of the
Board of Regents of the Universitv <_f Xew
York: George Innian Riche. for many years
President of the High School : Geoi^e
Howard Cliff, Principal of the Philadelphia
Normal School for Girls; Dr. William H-
Wahl. Secretary of the Franklin Institute:
Thomas May Peirce, deceased. Principal of
the well-known business school: Alfred Hem-
bold. Jr., Secretary of the Williamson School:
the late John Edgar, President of Wilson
College at Carlisle. Pennsylvania: .Andrew J
Morrison, Assistant Superintendent oi
Schools of Philadelphia: Professor William L
Sayre, Principal of the Central Manual Train-
ing School; Samuel Mecutchen. formerly a
Professor in the High School.
The famous electrical investigators and in-
ventors, Edwin J. Houston and Elihu Thomp-
son are graduates, and both were also Prt*"
fessors in the school, .\niong other scientific
men are Dr. Jienry Leffnian. S. Lloyd \\ie'
gand. J. Vaughan Merrick, Albert R. Leeds,
Cliartes F. Kroeh. Dr. Cliarles M. Cressoii,
deceased; Dr. B. Howard Rand, deceased,
A luimber of High School graduates are
teachers in the grammar and other grades of
schools. Others are professors and instruct-
ors in colleges and universities, including the
University of Pennsylvania, Lehigh Univer-
sity, Cornell University, the Medico-Chirur-
gical College. Hahnemann Medical College.
Jefferson Medical College, the Stevens Insti-
tute of Technology, of Hoboken: Lafayette
College and others. Thomas M. Drown is
President of Lehigh University.
Several members of the present City Coun-
cils and the State Legislature were students
at the institution. Eight members of the
Board of Public Education and its secretary
were students also. In the faculty of the
High School twelve professors and instruct-
ors, two professors emeritus and twenty-eight
former professors and instructors were High
School men,
.\mong the journalists and authors are Joel
Cook. C. Cathcart Taylor, deceased: James S,
McCartney, James W. King. James Rankin
Young, tor many years also Executive Clerk
of the United States Senate: George Alfred
Townsend, Russell V. Jacohy, of Newark.
\. J.: Colonel Stephen X, W'inslow, Charles
F, School, William M. Singerly, J. Barclay
Hanling, Henry C. Titus. Rev. Robert M,
Patterson. George J. Lrennan, .Alexander J,
McCleary, Frank R, Sto.kton. Henry George,
Ignatius Donnelly, William H. Samuel.
Edwin J. Houston. Stockton Bates, Dr.
Bushrod W. James and many others.
Among the bankers and brokers are Edward
W. Clark. George S. Fox. (ieorge I. Bodine.
DeHaven Brother.'' and John Sailer. Joseph
Drexel, <leceased, was also a student.
Upwards of two hundred lawyers engaged
in active practice in Philadelphia, many phy-
sicians, clergymen, a few artists and musicians,
beside hundreds of merchants, manufacturers
and other business men are also alumni.
The presi<lent of the .-\ssociated Alumni is
Robert Emory Pattison, ex-Governor of
Pennsylvania, now a business man in this city.
He graduated from the High School in Feb-
ruary, 1870. as the valedictorian of his class.
The vice-presidents are John R. Fanshawe
and John Frederick Lewis. The former
graduated in February, i860. He is offi-
cially connected with the Lehigh Valley
Railroad Company. He is chairman of the
-Alumni's Committee on New^ Buildings. Mr.
Lewis is an attorney-at-law. is solicitor of the
Bourse and a director in many financial in-
stitutions. He graduated from the High
.'School in 1879. the first honor man of his
class.
The recording secretary is George Barclay
Hawkes, who is connected with a coal ship-
ping firm in Philadelphia. He graduated in
February, 1886, and was admitted to the bar
in 1894. He was largely instrumental in
bringing about the reorganization of the .As-
sociated Alumni, in 1886.
The corresponding secretary is William
John Long, who graduated in February, 1891.
Fie was for three years in the office of the
Pullman Palace Car Company, later register-
ing as a student-at-law, and is now secre-
tary to Dr. Robert Ellis Thompson, presi-
dent of the faculty of the Central High
School.
The treasurer is Charles Biddle, who grad-
uated in June, 1878. He was admitted to
the bar in 1880, and is engaged in active prac-
tice as a lawyer.
The master of archives is Daniel W.
Howard, who graduated in 1849, ^^^ ^vas pro-
fessor of history in the High School from
1850 to 1886.
The librarian is Dr. Edwin James Houston,
who was a member of the faculty from 1867 to
1894, and who is now a professor emeritus.
Dr. Houston is a distinguished scientist and
electrician of wide renown.
The historian is Harry Shelmire Hopper,
a son of Professor Zephaniah Hopper, the
senior professor in the High School. Mr.
Hopper is a lawyer and is well and favorably
known in his profession. He is perhaps more
thoroughly identified with High School in-
terests than any other man. He has collected
all documents bearing upon the history of the
school, and keeps a record of all the professors
and students since the establishment of the
school. He unselfishlv devotes much time
and attention to this work, and the value of
the results of his endeavors in the interest of
the school cannot be overestimated.
The board of managers is composed of
the officers and the following members:
Charles S. Crowell, Daniel W. Grafly, Jacob
Singer, William H. Staake, Clinton Rogers
Woodruff, George J. Brennan, Judge Jamei:
Gay Gordon, John Story Jenks, David H.
Lane, Frederick Schober, S. Solis Cohen.
George E. Kirkpatrick, James W. Latta.
Louis J. Lautenbach and Stephen W. White.
57P
Alumnae Association of tlie Girls' Higli
and Normal Schools
In response to a notice signed by Hannah
M. Cheyney, re])resentatives of all the classes
that had been grathiated from the Girls' Nor-
mal School of Philadelphia met at Seven-
teenth and Spring Garden streets on Saturday
afternoon, June 9, 1888. Miss Cheyney stated
that the object of the meeting was to consider
pointed to take the necessary preHminary
steps. A year passed without definite plans.
but the interest of other graduates had mean-
while been secured, and this led to the meet-
ing of June '9th.
At this meeting Miss Lydia A. Kirby spoke
in favor of an alumnae association as a
means of inducing continued study and pro-
moting the higher cnltnre of its members.
', HALLIWELL
the organization of an Alumnae Associa-
tion. The subject ha<l first been discussed at
a reunion of the class of January, 1874. held
April 30, 1887. at which a committee consist-
ing of Miss Hannah M. Cheyney, Miss .\nna
B. Hall. Mrs. Caroline G. BouglUon. Mrs. T.
H. Symonds and Miss .Amelia Allen, was ap-
Many others warmly advocated the proposi-
tion, and it was unanimously decided to form
such an association. Mrs. Charles M. Lukens
and Miss Elizabeth S. Tait were chosen tem-
porary President and Secretarv. A commit-
tee of three, consisting of Miss Anna C,
Webb, Miss Lydia A. Kirby and Miss V. C.
Piper, was appointed to draft a Constitution.
By consent of the meeting this number was
afterward increased by the addition of Miss
Margaret S. Prichard and Miss Hannah M.
Cheyney. At the next meeting, held October
27, Miss Webb having resigned on account of
ill heahh. Mrs. G. W. Kendrick. Jr.. was ap-
pointed in her place, and by special motion
Mrs. Lukens was added to the committee for
drafting a Constitution.
On January 19, 1889, the Alumnae Asso-
ciation of the Girls' High and Normal Schools
of Philadelphia was organized with 219 mem-
i>ers. Mrs. Charles M. Lnkeus was elected
President. Miss Emilv Sartain and Mrs.
members that at no election since has there
been a disposition to name another president.
The objects of the Association were an-
nounce<l in the Constitution to be "the culti-
vation of social relations among the gradu-
ates, the promotion of the best interests of
the schools and the furthering in everj- way
of all efforts toward the enlargement of op-
portunities for women." The qualifications
for membership were graduation from the
Girls' High or Normal School and the pay-
ment of an annual fee of $1.
Four regular meetings of the Association
are held each year. At the annual meeting in
^^":?P
Henry W. Halliwell were elected \ice-Presi-
dents, an{l Mrs. <ieorge W. Kendrick, Jr., Sec-
retary and Treasurer. These officers, together
with fifteen members, formed an ENecutive
Board. The office of president was filled by
Mrs. I-ukens with great satisfaction to the
entire Alumnae, and at her withdrawal, in
189,^ much regret was expressed. Mrs.
<;eorge \V. Kendrick. Jr.. was then elected
her successor. Mrs. Kendrick, by her unfail-
ing courtesy, untiring energy and marked
abilitv. has so endeared herself to .\lumuae
January the election of officers is heltl.
and the amendments to the Constitution aaJ
By-Laws, proposed in October, are acted
upon. The May meeting is devoted to enter-
tainment and social intercourse. At the meet-
ings which take place in October and March
business is transacted and topics of general
interest are considered.
Almost immediately after the formation ol
the Association the de.sirability of estabhshing
a home or a fund to assist teachers who, hy
reason of ill health or advanced years, were
unable to fulfill the duties of their profession.
was urged by Miss M. A.Campbell.of the N'or-
ma! School, and her sister. Miss Jane Camp-
bell. As a result of a thorough investigation
of the best means to accomplish this purpose
it was decided to establish a fund of $25,000.
to be known as the Alumnae Trust -Fund, the
interest of which should be given to assist
teachers who were in ill health or who needed
only temporary assistance. It was also re-
solved to advise the teachers to form for
themselves "The Teachers' .\nnuity and .\i<l
Association of Philadelphia," the .\himnae
promising all assistance in its power. In pur-
suance of this action such an association was
Teachers' Annuity and Aid Association and
the Alumnae Association. While the fund is
not large, many teachers are aided and the
shadows of their closing years are lightened
by comforts and kind remembrances.
On June 10. 1892, the Association received
its charter from the Legislature and became a
regularly incorporated body. Little change
was made in the government, but ten stand-
ing committees were established, through
which, with the concurrence of the Executive
Board, all business is transacted. These com-
mittees are Finance, Alumnae Fund, Lecture,
Entertainment, Educational. Anniversary,
formed and a fair was held l>y the two organi-
zations, which opened December 3d and con-
tinued until December 12. 1H91. By the aid
of a generous public, at this fair $67,587.03
was cleared. This amount, after deducting
S3.371.93 to complete the $25,000 for the
.\lumnae Trust Fund, was plaoc<l in the Per-
manent Fund of the Annuity and .\id .\sso-
ciation.
The .-Mnnmae Trust Fund, interest on
which during the four years it has-been dis-
tributed has amounted to $5,170, is adminis-
tered by a committee representing both the
Excursion, Printing, Historical and Building
Fund. Under these various comitiittees the
Alumnae has established classes in French.
German, physical culture, current literature
and the study of Shakespeare, which are all
largely attended and thoroughly appreciated
by the members.
On the last Saturday of January of each
year a luncheon is held, commemorating the
establishment of the first Normal School and
theorganization of the .\lunmae. The growth
and development of the school are here freely
discussed, as representatives are generally
present from every class, from that of 1849 to
the last that has graduated. The hopes for
the future position of the pul>lic schools in
the educational world are announced and
dwelt upon.
An annual course of lectures and enter-
tainments has been given each year, including
lectures by such well-known persons as Julia
Ward Howe, Abby Sage Richardson. Pro-
fessor Davidson, Dr. Van Dyke. Elson Riddle.
Colonel Malcolm Johnson. Ruth McEnory
Stuart and Dr. Brubaker.
The Alumnae maintains a scholarship at
Bryn Mawr for a graduate of the High School.
and has been instrumental in securing a pro-
portion of the city scholarships for the High
and Normal Schools. In 189^^ an application
was made hy the Alumnae that the courses of
the University of Pennsylvania should be
open to women, in response to which noti-
fication was given that the trnstees had de-
cided to open the biological course to all
desirous of following it. Thankful, but not
satisfied, the .Vssociation is waiting patiently
until some provision is made by which there
shall be a continued chain from the kinder-
garten to the degrees of Hachetor of Science
and Bachelor of ,\rts.
In 1896 the Alumnae originated the idea
that a course of lectures on educational topics
by the great thinkers of the country be given
annually in the city for the benefit of teachers
and all interested in education. In pursuance
of this thought, through the co-operation of
the Civic Club. Teachers' Institute, Friends'
(Orthodox) Teachers' Association and the
Educational Club. Miss Sarah L. ,\rnold. of
Boston, and Col. Francis \V. Parker, of Cooke
County Normal School, llhnois, were en-
gaged to speak at the Phila<lelphia Normal
School for Girls. Miss .Arnold's subjects were
"Correlation of Studies" and "Child Studv."
Colonel Parker spoke on "The Child and
Nature." "Child and Man." "Modes oi Ex-
]»ression." "Attention and Objects of Atten-
tion." ".\rtist and .\rtisan."
This plan of having a continuous course of
lectures extending over an entire week having
|>roven such a success, this year the .\tumnae
under similar co-operation has decided to in-
vite Dr. G. Stanley Halt, of Clark University,
to speak during the week of .April 6th, on
"Study of Nature." "Motor Side of Training,"
".Adolescence." "Nutrition." "General Princi-
ples and Physiology of Education." The
.Alumnae Association ho]>es to see this course
of lectures become a yearly factor in the edu-
cational life of the city.
The present officers of the association are:
President, Mrs. George \V. Kendrick. Jr.:
Vice-Presidents. Mrs. Josephine Ritchie ami
Miss V. C. Piper: Treasurer, Mrs. H. W. Hal-
liwell; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. R. F.
Johnson: Recording Secretarv. Mrs. G. L.
Estai)rook: Directors. Mrs. C. G. Sanl, Mrs.
M. D, Geisler. Mrs. Isaac Remington. Miss
Elizabeth S. Tait. Miss E. \'. Mcl^oughlin.
Miss Mary Maxwell. Miss Elizabeth Dornan,
Miss C. Hassenplug, Mrs. J. W. Boughton,
Mrs. George H. Stout. Mrs. D. \V. Hutchin.
Mrs. L. L. \V. Wilson, Mrs. David \V. Hunt.
Miss Elizabeth D. Craven and Mrs. George
W. Fetter.
On January 10. 1897. there were enrolled
over 1.700 members, which, it is believed.
makes this the largest organized )3ody of
women in the country. It is possible for this
Association to beincreasedat the rateof seven
or eight hundred members yearly, for that is
about the number annually graduated from
the two schools. What mav not be accom-
plished by such a body of intelligent, cultured
women, working together in harmony and
earnestness of purpose?
The treasurer, at the January meeting,
reported in the Fund for Current Expenses,
$1,025.31; in Building Fund, $2,895.14; in
Permanent Fund, $2,270.60; making a total
of $6,191.05.
The Association hopes some time in the
future to possess its own building. It trusts
to the generosity of its members and friends
to make this an early possibility.
583
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The Educational Club
The Educational Club of Philadelphia was
organized in 1892, through the efforts of Dr.
Edward Brooks, Superintendent of Pubhc
Scliools, and George H. Cliff, Principal of the
Philadelphia Normal School for Girls. The
first meeting was hel<l N'oveniber 28thof that
year, in the hall of the Mercantile Library.
Dr. Brooks made the introductory address.
Other speakers were Dr. C. Hanford Hen-
derson, then Principal of the Northeast Man-
these. The speakers are uniformly good,
many of them brilliant, an<l the audiences are
large and appreciative. The attendance is sel-
dom below five hundred, and is frequently as
high as twelve hundred. The audiences em-
brace all classes of society, but are mainly
composed of teachers.
Some distinguished educators have ad-
dressed the Club at its monthly meetings, in-
JAMES M0N'RO£ WILLARD,
ital Training School, and Dr. J. F. Holt,
the Central High School faculty. There wert
between two and three hundred present.
The Educational Club holds monthly meet-
ings, at which topics arc discussed which di-
rectly concern the teacher. Outside the as
semblagesof the great nalionalorganization;
there are few meetings of teachers that art
more delightful and instructive than art
f eluding Professor Charles de Garmo, Dr. Ed-
e nunul J. James, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler.
Dr. Elmer Gates, Dr. Lightner Witmer. Pro-
fessor Simon N. Patton, State Superintend-
ent of Public Instruction Nathan C. Schaef-
fer. Professor Martin G. Brumbaugh. Dr.
Edward Brooks, Dr. Harrison Allen, Dr. J.
Madison Taylor and Dr. Robert Ellis Thomp-
The membership of the Educational Ckib
includes many of the leading teachers of Phil-
adelphia. It was at first limited to men en-
gaged in teaching or superintendence in the
Philadelpliia public schools, but now both
men and women teachers in the public and
private schools of the city are eligible to
membership. The members are not the only
ones who are benefited liy the organization,
asthemeetings are always open to the public.
Many of the papers read before the Chib
have been printed in educational journals
throughout the country- The Club has also
had publtslied in pamphlet form several pa-
direction of the Educational Club. The paper
is in the hands of an editorial committee, con-
sisting of George H. Cliff, chairman; Frank-
lin S. Edmonds, vice-chairman: Samuel L.
Chew, secretary; Edward Gideon, William C.
Jacobs, E<lgar .\. Singer, Mrs. Emma V.
Thomas, Miss Lillian \\'allace and Mrs. Lucy
L. Williams-Wilson.
The aim of the paper is well expressed in
the following extract from the introductory
which appeared in the first number: "The
present is a period of transition in the educa-
tional field, and it has required strong will
and a spirit of enterprise not to capitulate to
CHARLES H. BRELSFORI),
pens and speches. inckuling Dr. Brooks' in-
troductory, a paper by Dr. Edmund J. James,
on ■■ Philadelphia's Need of a Commercial
High School:" one by Professor Sydney T.
Skidniore, of the Xormal School faculty, on
"Evolution of Play." and two papers by Ed-
ward Gideon. Supervising Principal of the
George G. Meade School, on "The Substitute
Question," and "Teachers' Pensions."
The month of Xovembcr, 1896, saw the
publication of tlie initial number of "The
Teacher."' a journal published monthly, ex-
ceitting July and .August, under the editorial
certain retroactive forces at work in Phila-
delphia. It has, therefore, seemed to the
Educational Club that, as incidental to its
work in the cause of education in Philadel-
phia, it should have a regular means of com-
munication with teachers and others in-
terested in education, so that the presentation
and discussion of important local problems, as
well as those of far-reaching consequence,
miglit be easy, and the form permanent, li
is for this reason that the Educational Chifj
has undertaken the task of editing 'The
Teacher.' "
Tlie paper may already be said to be one
of the best educational journals in the coun-
try. It is clean, bright and carefully edited,
and contains much matter of educational
value.
The Educational Club is governed by an
executive council of twenty members, con-
sisting of Andrew J. Morrison. .Assistant
Superintendent of I'nblic Schools, President;
Charles H. Brelsford, Principal of the
School. Germantown; George H. Cliff, Prin-
cipal of the Philadelphia Xormal School ;
Oliver P. Coniman. Principal of the North-
west School: Franklin S. Edmonds, Instructor
in History in the Central High School : D. W.
Hutchin, Principal of the Northern Liberties
School; George V. '/.. Long. .Assistant in the
Nichols School: Jesse H. Michener, Principal
of the Martha Washington School; Theodore
DAVID H. STOUT.
Claghorn School. \'ice-President : David H.
Stout, Principal of the Cambria School. Sec-
retary; Edward Gideon, Principal of the
Meade School, Treasurer; Dr. Francis Burke
Brandt, Professor of Pedagogy. Central High
School; Dr. Edward Brooks, Superintendent
of Public Schools: William W. Brown. Prin-
cipal of the Joseph Singerly School; Miss
May R. Caroland. Principal of the Central
L. McDowell, .\ssistant in the Taggart
School; Miss M. S. Prichard, Teacher of Psy-
chologv in the Normal School; William L.
Sayre. Principal of the Central Manual Train-
ing School; Edgar .\. Singer. .Assistant Super-
intendent of Public Schools; George H.
Stout, Principal of the Newton Grammar
School, and J. Monroe W'illard. Principal of
the Northea.st Manual Training School.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC MBRAKY
AS! OK. l.KNitX ANf)
TILDEN FOlM>ATiONS
B L
The Teachers' Institute
By act of tiie Legislature, approved March
26, 1867, tlie Teachers' Institute of the City
and County of Philadelphia was incorporated,
and the yearly reports show conclusively that
it is literally fiilhlhng the objects and designs
of its formation. George Inman Riche, then
Principal of the High School, was its first
president, and among the other officials were
such noted educators as Fetter, Stephens,
partments: Elocution, mathematics, geogra-
R. E. Rogers. Public (juarterly meetings
were arranged, and at the first of these five
essays by women teachers were read.
The Institute Hhrary began with some 200
works, all of essential utility. Instruc-
tion was proposed in the form of special <le-
phy and astronomy, history, belles-lettres and
WILLIA.M H. SAMUEL, /
Christine, the Singers, Hopper, Mrs. McManus
and Miss Kereven.
The inaugural ceremonies were held at the
Central High School, with addresses by Rev.
Mr. Henson, Dr. Stille and others. Its first
manifestation after full organization was a
course of lectures, public and successful, the
lecturers being Rev. W, R. .\lger. E. L.
Youmans. E. H. Chapin. Louis Agassiz and
languages, philosophy, gymnastics and calis-
thenics, methods of instruction and discipline
in public schools, and natural sciences. Dur-
ing the second year chemistry and physics,
German and French, were added. These de-
partments afterwards became known as
classes. These classes meet weekly, the num-
ber of sessions ranging from five to twenty.
being; distributed, wben necessary, in various
localities.
Of special enterprises the annnai reports
show: The securing from tlie State of a
yearly appropriation of $3,000; the formation
of the trusts aud relief fund: the invitation
to the State Teachers' Association for its
meeting at Philadelphia in 1870; the Phila-
delphia Teachers' reception room at the Cen-
tennial Exposition of 1876; the procuring of
the Russian and Japanese exhibits at the same
Exposition; the creation of a building fund:
the pecuniary relief afforded to teachers who
suffered by the Ohio flood; the movement
which resulteil in the increase of teachers'
MISS MARY A, WALLACE,
Secretary Teaihen' Insiituie.
salaries: the life directorship in the Xatioual
Educational Association, and the indispen-
sable assistance rendered in the modification
of methods and courses of study.
The Trusts and Relief Fund amount to
$24,000 of investments. In aid of necessitous
teachers who are members of the Institute,
$15,000 has been expended. The Build-
ing Fund now amounts to $7,340.40. The Li-
brary has increased from ->oo volumes to
13.901. There are 2,200 members enrolled
out of a total teaching force of 3.100 in Phila-
delphia.
.\ny teacher may become a member of the
Institute ujion payment of one dollar, with
formal election, that being the amount of the
annual dues and entitling the members to the
privilege of any class, lecture or entertain-
ment, to use of library, to the consideration of
the Relief Fund, etc. The administration is
vested in a Board of Manatfers. composed of
all of the officers and committees elected for
each year. The officers for the year 1896 were:
President, Charles A. Randall; vice-president.
Dr. William H. Samuel; secretary, Mary A.
Wallace; treasurer,EllaM.Lukens; represent-
ative to National Educational Association
meeting. Elizabeth Caskey. Business com-
mittee: Robert J. McLaughlin, chairman;
Margaret B. Dunn. Elizabeth S. Tait. M.
Anna Todd, Martha Callan. Anna Anthony.
John S. Lawrence, Franklin F. Cartletlge.
Committee on library and publication: Mary
J. Lamberton. Alice Clark. Jane T. Massey.
Committee on trusts and relief fund: Vir-
ginia C. Piper, Jennie Russell and Ella M.
Lnkens.
The Institute has occupied school build-
ings, by permission of the Boanl of Public
Education, first on Filbert street above
Seventh, a tiny room, and latterly on Ser-
geant street above Xinth, with a promise in
the near fxitnre of an entire building on Cherrv-
street.
•^^^^
OLD NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING,
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LIBRARY
ASTOR, I.EMOZ AMO
M It
Teachers' Annuity, Aid and Pension
Fund Association
The inceptive idea of the Teachers' An-
nuity, Aid and Pension Fund Association
arose from a suggestion made by Miss Mary
Campbell at a meeting of theAlumnae Associ-
ation of the Girls' Higb and Normal Schools,
in 1889, that a home for disabled ami super-
annuated teachers should be founded.
Through her efforts the Association was led
to start a fund of $25,000 for the aid of such
>y the teachers to meet delegates from the
Alumnae Association and formulate a plan for
organizing a pension association. Responses
o a circular which was then sent out showed
hat over 1,100 teachers were ready to join
such an organization. Accordingly, on Jun*
7, 1890, a meeting of teachers was held at the
teachers. This was called the Alumnae Fund,
a-nd as such exists at the present day.
Early in 1890 the Alumnae Association ail-
dressed a circular to the teachers of Philadel-
phia urging them to form a pension associa-
tion. As a result, a conmiittee of teachers
met with the executive board of the Alumnae
for conference, and delegates were appointed
Girls' High School. Dr. William H. Samuel
was chairman and Miss Mary Maxwell, secre-
tary of the meeting. There were about
500 teachers present. Ten delegates, to
co-operate with a like number from the
.\lumiiae Association, were selected, an<l the
first practical step was taken.
In January, 1891, the Association went into
active operation. A constitution, very like
those of similar societies in New York, Boston
and other cities, was adopted and a charter
was secured, the corporators being WilHaiu
H. Samuel, W. Henry Parker, W. J. Caskey.
Cornelia W. Elmes and Mary Maxwell. The
officers under the permanent organization
were: President, Wilham H. Samuel; vice-
president, Corneha \V. Elmes: recording
secretary, Mary Maxwell; financial secretary,
W. Henrj- Parker; treasurer, Mary A. Camp-
bell; directors, Amelia M, Ryan. Margaret
B. Dunn, Coia H. Collins, Ella M. Lukens.
any member, not an annuitant, who dies dur-
ing professional incumbency.
The revenues are derived from the annual
(lues of members, being 2 per cent, of their
salaries; from income on investments, from
donations and the proceeds of entertainments
and from State appropriations. In addi-
tion, there are a great many honorarv mem-
bers, who show sympathy, approval and sup-
port by contributing $10 each to the perma-
nent fund.
Miss MARV MAXWELL.
Recording Seciemry Tmchiim' Annuily. Aid and Ptmion Fund
AitoclalioiL
Charles A, Randall, Anne H. Hall. Sarah \V.
Dungan, Elizabeth B. Shallcross. Deborah L.
Cordery and John S. Lawrence.
As to the workings of the .-Association, they
may be briefly summarized. .-\ny teacher who
resigns, after thirty-five years of service in the
public schools, may claim an annuity. This
annuity is 60 per cent, of the salary received
at the time of the application for pension.
Any teacher rendered incapacitated for duties
at any time is also entitled to a like annuity,
which may be withdrawn upon reco\erv of
ability to perform again the duties of teach-
ing. .\ funeral benefit of $100 is allowed to
WM. HENRY PARKIER,
To form a substantial nucleus for the fund
a teachers' bazaar was held in the Third Regi-
ment Armory, Broad and Federal streets,
opening on December 3, 1891, the officers of
which were: Ladv chairman, Mrs. Henrs' W.
Halliwell: secretary. Miss Lvdia A. Kirbv;
treasurer, George \V. Fetter; committee of ar-
rangements, Paul Kavanagh, chairman;
Simon Gratz, William J. Caskey, Henry R.
Edmunds, H. W. Halliwell, Mrs. George \V.
Kendrick, Mis3 Lvdia A. Kirbv, Miss D. L.
Cordery and Miss Jane Campbell. The net
receipts from the fair were $68,897.72. This
sum, with a portion of the fees and dues, was
set apart to form the permanent fund, includ-
ing also the contributions of honorary' mem-
bers, $4,670.
In the celerity of its progress and in the
amplitude of its funds and benefactions, the
Association is confessedly among the foremost
of organizations of its kind in this country.
The present officers of the Association are:
President, William H. Samuel; vice-president,
Cornelia W. Elmes; recording secretary,
Marv Maxwell; financial secretary, William
J. Caskey: treasurer, Ella M. Lukens.
595
i i\.Z HZJ YORK
PUBLIC L' .'RARY
ASTOR, LENOX AND
TILDEN FOtf MDATlOMi
Jt It
The Public Education Association
The Public Education Association of Phil-
adelphia was the outg^rowth of charitable
work, its source being the Committee on the
Care of the Education of Dependent Chil-
dren, of the Society for Organizing Charity.
At a meeting of this committee, held Novem-
ber 2^, 1880, a sub-committee of five was ap-
pointed to study and report on compulsory
and industrial education. This sub-committee
consisted of Miss Charlotte Pendleton, Miss
Anna Hallowell, Mrs. Gillingham, Joseph
S. Whitney and Dr. Robert Ellis Thomp-
son. As a result of their report an associa-
tion was formed, in May, ]88i, the object be-
ing to promote the efficiency and to perfect
the system of education in Philadelphia.
It took up almost immediately the work of
supporting the Board of Public Education in
its clesire to establish a general superintend-
ency of schools in the city. It next urged
that instruction in sewing be introduced into
the public schools. The Association also took
a ver}^ strong position in favor of the estab-
lishment of manual training schools, and it
contributed no little toward the movement
which resulted in the establishment of the ex-
cellent system of manual training schools of
which Philadelphia is so justly proud.
For the purpose of arousing public interest
in education and developing a sentiment
which would support the l>oard of Public Ed-
ucation in its endeavors to improve the
school system, a series of lectjires was held in
November and December, 1883, under the
auspices of the xVssociation. The following
lectures constituted the course: ^'Public Edu-
cation," Professor James MacAlister: ''The
Old and the New Education," G. Stanley
Hall; "Handwork in Education," Professor
John M. Ordway, of the Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology; **The Financial and Ad-
ministrative Aspects of Public Education,"
Professor Edmund J. James, then of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania.
The Association also took up with great
enthusiasm the project for the introduction
of cooking into the Normal School, and aside
from the work of public agitation in behalf of
this movement, contributed over $4,000 to-
ward the initiation of the work during the
years 1 887-1 891.
The next enterprise of the Association was
the promotion of an exhibition of school work,
which was held at Horticultural Hall, May 8-
II, 1888. Eighty thousand citizens visited
the exhibition. The society contributed over
$2,000 to this work.
The Association has always stood for a re-
ir
organization of the educational machinery of
the city to bring it more into harmony with
modern educational requirements, and it has
done much to point out the defects and lead
public sentiment in the direction of a willing-
ness to remedy them.
Dr. Edmund J. James was President of the
Association for several years, preceding his
removal from the city.
The present officers of the Association are:
President, Philip C. Garrett; vice-president,
George W. Hall; secretary. Judge Wil-
liam W. Wiltbank. The executive commit-
tee consists of Judge Wiltbank, Mrs.
597
Matthew Baird, L. W. Miller, Robert C. Og
den, Isaac H. Clothier, Professor James Mac-
Alister, Miss S. W. Janney, Philip C. Garrett,
George W. Hall, Robert E. Pattison and
Francis Rawle.
For a full account of the work of the Asso-
ciation, see *'A History of the Public Educa-
tion Association of Philadelphia," by Lewis
R. Harley, with an intrc duction by Edmund
J. James, Philadelphia, 1896.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC LI3RARY
ASTOR, LENOX aHD
TILDEN FOUNDATIONS
^u3
Teachers' Photographic Association
The Teachers' Photographic Association
is composed of pubhc school teachers and
Principals who are interested in the use of
pictorial illustration as an aid to teaching, A
meeting of Principals who had been active in
introdncing the projecting lantern and helio-
stat in the public schools, was called at the
officeof the Superintendent of Public Schools
C, HENRY KAIN,
Pmidcnl Tnchcn- Phalogniphic: Auociilion.
in December, ]8g5. Dr. Edward Brooks pre-
sided, and appointed a conunittee to prepare
a plan for a permanent organization. Th :
committee consisted of C. Henry Kain, As-
sistant Superintendent of Schools, chairman:
George H. Cliff, Principal of the Normal
School: George W. Floiniders, Principal of
the Robert Morris School: William C. Jacobs,
Principal of the Norris J. Hoffman School;
Mrs. Emma V. Thomas. Principal of the
Levering School; Miss May R. Caroland,
Principal of the Central School, and John
P. Garber, Principal of the Kenderton
School.
The committee prepared a constitution
and by-laws, which were adopted at a meet-
ing held in February, 1896, At this meeting
the 'following ofificers were elected: President,
C. Henry Kain; vice-president, George W.
Flounders: recording secretary. Miss Ma-
tilda Hand ; corresponding secretary. Miss
Lillian Wallace; treasurer, William C. Jacobs,
The executive committee is composed of
the officers of the Association, together with
Miss M. S. Berry an<i Miss H. C. Wasserman.
During the months suitable for outdoor
work, Saturday field excursions are made.
Regular monthly meetings are held at the
Normal School throughout the school year,
at which lantern slides are exhibited, show-
ing the work of the members, and illustrating
some line of educational work. In addition
to these meetings occasional working ses-
sions are held in the Robert Morris School,
at which demonstrations in various lines of
photographic work are made.
THE NEW YORK
PUBLIC UBRAJlT
A8T0R, LENOX AND
'TlX-DfiN FOUNDATIONS
^ L
Teachers' Beneficial Association
The Teachers' Beneficial Association of of the first year, it has grown in nwmhers to
Philadelphia was org;anizecl and incorporated 553, at the close of tlie seventeenth year. The
in 1879. It is a nintnal insurance asso- amount paid out in cash benefits has reached
ciation, paying henefits to the families or a total of $32,575.
assigns of deceased memliers. .Applicants The officers are: President. Edward Gid-
for membership must be teachers in tl.e eon; vice-president. Jacob H. Sides; secre-
Philadelphia public schools, yet any mem- tary and treasurer, (ieorge H. Stowt.
EDWARD GiriF.OS.
ber ceasing to teach may continue mem-
bership in the Association. Quarterly
meetings are held for the transaction of
business.
The organization is in a prosperous condi-
The directors are: D. W. Bartine. M. D.,
Mary A. Miller, Margaret \V. Struthers, D.
W. Hutchin.Lon Humphrey. Kllen S. Knorr,
.Anna J. Crosby, J. Morton Thomas, Watson
Cornell, David H. Stout. Edward W. Havi-
Froni a membership of 249 at the close land and Kate \V. Hoffman.
^1
rf
t-
i
t
Night Schools and Public Libraries
r. •,
The Public Night Schools
One of the most important features of tlie
system of public education consists of the
night schools, conducted for the beneiit of
those who are unable to attend the day ses-
sions. Many a young man, while obliged to
work to earn a living for himself and possibly
for others, lias taken advantage of the oppor-
tunities thvis offered of securing an education
bystudying after his day's work has been com-
pleted, and has by this means succeeded in
substantially bettering his condition and rais-
ing himself in the social scale.
If there is any cla.is which thoroughly ap-
preciates the educational advantages ottered
free of cost by the State it is the class which
is represented by the pupils in the night
schools. Their presence in a school-house at
night, after a day's work, is in itself an
evidence of their desire to learn, and the spirit
shown by these pupils, many of whom are
men and women, is in marked contrast to that
of the average school boy. who attends school
from necessity.
The night schools have sessions during the
fall and winter months on Monday, Tuesday
and Wednesday of each week, from 7.30 to
9.30 in the evening, or from 7 to g; the hours
being different in the various schools, to suit
the requirements of the locality. The follow-
ing night ,';choois were open during the term
of 1896-97.
Artisans', males, Broad and Green streets.
Charles S. Close, males. Seventh and Dick-
inson streets.
William Welsh, males and females. Thir-
teenth and Jackson streets.
Xebinger, males, Carpenter street, above
Sixth.
Wharton, females, Fifth street, below
Washington avenue.
Mt. Vernon, males and females, Catharine
street, above Third.
Florence, males and females, Catharine
street, below Eighth.
ALEXANDER
Fletcher, males and females. Christian
street, above Front.
Fagen, females. Twelfth street, above Fitz-
water.
William M. Meredith, males and females,
Fifth street, above German.
Horace Binney. males and females. Spruce
street, below Sixth.
Northeast, males. Crown and Race streets.
Union, females. Crown street, above Race. Marshall, males and females, Franklin and
O. V. Catto, males and females, Lombard Sellers streets.
street, above Twentieth.
White Hall, males and females, Taconv
Kevstone, males. Nineteenth street, above road and Pratt street.
Chestnut.
John Agnew, males and females, Cherry
street, below Eleventh.
E. S. Miller, males. Forty-third and Ogden
streets.
Carroll, males, Salmon street, above Som-
Northern Liberties, males. Third street, be- erset.
low Green.
Sherman, females, Frankford avenue and
German-English, males and females. Third Somerset street.
street, below Green.
Nichols, females. Sixteenth and Wharton
Mifflin, males and females. Third street, streets.
above Brown.
German-English, males and females.
Hancock, males, Fairmount avenue, above Twelfth and Federal streets.
Twelfth street.
Paschalville, males and females. Seventieth
R. T. Conrad, females. Melon street, below street and Woodland avenue.
Twelfth.
Newton, males and females, Ludlow street.
Roberts Vaux, males and females. Wood below Thirty-sixth.
street, below Twelfth.
West End, males and females, Sixtieth and
Livingston, males and females. Twenty- South streets.
third street, above Callowhill.
West Philadelphia, colored, males and fe-
Ludlow, males. Master and Lawrence males. Forty-second and Ludlow streets.
streets.
John Moflfet, females. Second and Oxford
streets.
Forest, males and females. Falls of Schuvl-
kill.
Kenderton, males and females. Fifteenth
Vaughan, males, Marlborough and Thomp- street, above Ontario.
son streets.
Revnolds, males and females. Twentieth and
Finletter, females, Montgomery avenue and Jefferson streets.
Gaul street.
E. M. Stanton, males. Seventeenth and
William H. Hunter, males, Dauphin and Christian streets.
Mascher streets.
C. A. Arthur, females. Twentieth and Cath-
John Welsh, females. Fourth and Dauphin arine streets.
streets.
John S. Hart, males, York and Memphis
Rutledgre, males, Seventh and Xorris streets.
streets.
L. Mott, females, Huntingdon and Sepviva
Park Avenue, males and females. Park ave- streets.
nue. below Master.
J. L. Claghorn, males and females, Seven-
Manayunk, males and females. Green lane, teenth street and Susquehanna avenue.
below Wood street.
Fairhill, males and females, Marshall and
Germantown, males and females, Adams Somerset streets.
and Lafavette streets.
Boudinot, males and females, Indiana ave-
Pastorius, males and females. Woodbine nue and D street.
avenue and Sprague street.
Hoflfman, males and females, Fiftv-fifth and
Joseph E. Hill, colored, males and females. Vine streets.
Price street, Germantown.
J. George, males and females, Sixty-third
Coulter Street, colored, males and females, and Hamilton streets.
Coulter street, Germantown.
Disston, males and females, Taconv.
606
Logan, males. Nineteenth and Reed streets.
James Alcorn, males and females. Thirty-
fourth and Wharton streets.
James Forten, males, Sixth street, above
Lombard.
Wharton Sewing, females. Fifth street, be-
low Washington avenue.
Mt. Vernon Sewing, females. Catharine
street, above Third.
Thaddeus Stevens Sewing, females. Seven-
teenth street, above Fairmount avenue.
John Welsli Sewing, females. Fourth and
Dauphin streets.
George W. Childs Sewing, females, Seven-
teenth and Tasker streets.
Fairhill Sewing, females, Marshall and Som-
erset streets.
L. Mott Sewing, females, Huntingdon and
Sepviva streets.
Manayunk Sewing, females. Green lane, be-
low Wood street.
.At the beginning of the past term there
were 12,012 pupils registered, and at its close
24,549. The average number belonging dur-
ing the term was 15.936. Of the number of
pupils enrolled at the close of the term there
were 5,943 under 15 years of age: 11.875
between the ages of 15 and 21 : 5,123 between
the ages of 21 and 30: 1.197 between the ages
of 30 an<l 40: 343 between the ages of 40 and
ZF.PHANIAH HOPPER.
Landreth Sewing, females. Twenty-third
and Federal streets.
Germantown Sewing, females, Germantown.
John Moffet Sewing, females. Second and
Oxford streets.
Rutledge Sewing, females. Seventh and
Norris streets.
McClellan Sewing, females. Thompson and
NefF streets.
Reynolds Sewing, females. Twentieth and
Jefferson streets.
Stanton Sewing, females. Seventeenth and
Christian streets.
H. A, Brown Sewing, females. Sergeant
street, near Emerald.
MRS. EMMA EPLF.V.
50, and 68 over 50 years of age. The average
age of the pupils was 19 years. No less than
6,253 pupils were of foreign parentage.
The night-school system was established in
1850, under an Act of Legislature approved
March 12, 1842. .At first these schools were
"for the instruction of male adults" only, but
within a few years the doors were thrown
oi>en to both sexes.
The growth of the night schools during the
past few years has been most encouraging, as
seen bv the following figures: —
Term of 1886-7 — 5' schools; total regis-
tration, 15,269.
Term of 1 890-1 — 54 schools: total regis-
tration, 16,541.
Term of 1896-7 — 79 schools: total registra-
tion, 24,549.
The most important of the night schools is
the Artisans', conducted at the Central High
School. It was organized in 1869, since
which time over 12,000 pupils have been en-
rolled. The success of the school is lareelv
due to its most efficient Principal, Professor
Zephaniah Hopper, well known as the senior
professor in the Central High School, who
has been connected with the .\rtisans' Night
School since its establishment, having been
Principal for the past twenty years.
A feature of the night-school system
adopted within recent years consists of sew-
ing schools, in which plain sewing, dress-
making and millinery are taught. The author
of the system of dress-making in use is one of
Philadelphia's own teachers, Mrs. Emma
Epley, who is Principal of the Henry Armitt
Brown Night Sewing School, and a woman
of rare ability. So simple, and yet so com-
plete, is this system that pupils who cannot
even handle a needle properly when they enter
these schools exhibit well-made gowns at the
close of a single term, made entirely by their
own hands. All the pupils in the sewing
schools furnish their own materials, so that
the articles made by them are their property
when the work is completed.
The night schools are operated under the
direction of the Committee on Night Schools,
of the Board of Public Education, of which
Alexander Adaire has been chairman for a
number of years. It is due to Mr. Adaire to
say that it is largely through his efforts that
the night schools have been increased in num-
ber and improved in many ways.
608
The Public Libraries
No more important work was ever en-
trusted to the Board of Public Education
than the establishment and control of free
libraries at the city's expense. It was a task
requiring the time and attention of able men,
and the public libraries to-day, while no
longer controlled by the Board, testify largely
in their efficiency and excellence of equipment
to the faithful efforts of the Board's Commit-
tee on Public Libraries.
At the close of 1895, in his final report as
chairman of this committee, Henry R.
Edmunds, member of the Board from the
Fifteenth Section, gave a sketch of the incep-
tion and development of the system of free
libraries. He said: —
**The first conmiunication received bv the
Board of Public Education from Councils was
on the ninth day of Fel)ruary, 1892. Councils
had made an appropriation to the Board of
$15,000, with the recjuest that the money be
used to establish and maintain one or more
free libraries in this city for the use of its
citizens, it being suggested that localities
should be selected where no libraries then
existed. A Committee on Public Libraries
was at once appointed, but considerable time
elapsed before the committee was able to find
a suitable buildingin which to locate the first
branch. The committee, however, was
finallv relieved of its difficultv bv the oflfer of
the Wagner Institute, which permitted the
use of nearly one-half of its first floor on such
terms as your committee was glad to be able
to accept.
**This library, being Branch No. i, was
opened for public use on the fifteenth day of
October, A. D. 1892, with 4,941 volumes, and
was immediately successful. Councils having
in the succeeding years continued and increas-
ed its appropriations, your committee, in re-
sponse to the public demand, was enabled on
the tenth day of April, A. D. 1893, to open
Branch Xo. 2, at the northwest corner of
Broad and Federal streets, with 4,220 volumes:
Branch No. 3, on Frankford avenue below
Norris street, in May, 1894, with 7,412
volumes; Branch No. 4, at Roxborough, in
March, 1894, with 3,201 volumes; Branch No.
5, at Fortieth and Ludlow streets, in May,
1895, with 7,80 r volumes, and Branch No. 6,
in Germantown, in October, 1895, with 3,460
volumes.
"Your committee found it necessary in the
interest of economy and to secure uniformity,
to establish a Central Bureau, where all the
books could be catalogued, prepared, rebound
and recased for all the Branches. This Cen-
tral Bureau was opened June i, J 894, and was
placed in charge of Mr. George P. Rupp, to
whose judgment, earnestness and zeal your
committee deem it a duty to testify. Mr.
Rupp was subsequently made Superintendent
of Libraries. Since the opening of the Cen-
tral Bureau, 32,627 books have been cata-
logued there, 4,132 rebound, and 2,176 re-
cased.
"There are at present at Branch No. 1,
20,411 volumes and 12,890 members; at
Branch Xo. 2, 11,653 volumes and 6,460
members; at No. 3, 11,583 volumes and 5,665
members: at No. 4, 8,810 volumes and 4,456
members: at No. 5, 10,495 volumes and 5,019
members, and at No. 6, 3,646 volumes and
609
1,992 members: 6.750 volumes are still wait-
ing at the Central Bureau to be placed. The
circulation for November, 1895, was 80,676.
^'our committee is of opinion that the circula-
tion of these six libraries may be safely placed
in the coming year at one million. It seems
unnecessary to your committee to add any
additional argument as to the wisdom of the
city in the establishment of free libraries, or
of their appreciation by the public, if located,
maintained and conducted as heretofore.
"The aggregrated appropriation by the city
has been $1 1 5,000. With this sum your com-
mittee purchased 73,348 volumes, has estab-
lished, equipped and maintained the six
Avery D. Harrington, Samuel B. Huey.
William Mclntyre and Rudolph S. Walton.
Too much cannot be said in praise of the
work performed in the interests of the li-
braries by Henrj' R. Edmunds, who, although
a very busy man, gave much of his thought
and his valuable time to this labor of love.
He purchased the major portion of the
volumes in the libraries, and gave to the en-
tire system and to each branch individually
the benefit of his persona! supervision. To
him, more than to any other man, is due the
credit for the splendid beginning of the free
library system.
When the libraries were transferred to the
new Boarci of Trustees thev sustained a
branches and paid the wages of fifty-one em-
ployees, and it now takes leave of this work,
which has been altogether a labor of love,
with the sincere hope that the work may be
successfully continued."
The libraries were turned over to a newly
formed Board of Trustees January I, 1896,
and are no longer controlled by the Board cf
Public Education in any particular.
The Committee on Public Libraries, in
1895, consisted of Henry R. Edmunds, chair-
man; Simon Gratz, Richardson E. Wright.
Thomas E. Merchant, Harvey H. Hubbert,
GEORGE P. RUPP.
marked loss in the resignation of Mr. Rupp,
the Superintendent of Libraries, who is now
librarian at Girard College. Mr. Rupp is one
of the most efficient librarians in the profes-
sion, being a man of experience and one who
thoroughly understands the details of Kbrarj'
work and management, and he contributed
in no small degree to the success of the li-
braries. Of his own volition he gave the
librarians under his control the benefit of his
wide knowledge and took pains to personally
instruct them in their work. Under few
others could the libraries have progressed so
satisfactorilv, and under none, more so.
THE HEW YORK
PDBUC LIBRARY
1
TULDJBM fOVMDATIOlf 8
)
statistics
4
- r
' \
4
I
I
■: f
> :
"I
i.
statistics
XL'MBER OF SCHOOLS,
JANUARY I, 1897.
Central High School
Philadelphia Normal School
Girls' High School,
Manual Training Schools,
Elementary Manual Training School .
Industrial Art School
Cooking Schools
Grammar Schools
Combined Grammar, Secondary and
Primary Schools
Combined Grammar and Secondary
Schools
Combined Granmiar and Primary
Schools
Consolidated Schools
Secondary Schools
Combined Secondary and Primary
Schools,
Primary^ Schools,
Kindergartens,
Night Schools,
Total
Number of Schools under Supervising
Principals
NUMBER OF TEACHERS ON ROI
JANUARY I, 1897.
Central High School
Philadelphia Normal School
Girls' High School
Central Manual Training School, ....
I
I
I
2
I
I
6
29
39
33
33
122
4^3
79
502
III
.L,
39
48
78
18.
Northeast Manual Training School, . . 17
Elementary Manual Training School, . 19
Industrial Art School 9
Cooking Schools 6
Sewing Teachers 50
Grammar, Secondary, Primary and
Consolidated Schools, 2,801
Kindergartens 163
Total (males, 184: females, 3,071), 3,255
Amount expended for salaries
of Teachers, $2,248,863 03
Ayerage of salaries paid in Higher
Schools, $1,3-24 40
Ayerage of salaries paid in Gram-
mar, Secondary, Primary, Con-
solidated Schools and Kinder-
gartens 699 00
7^ Number of qualified substitutes 523
72
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF
PUPH.S
Belonging to the Seyeral Departments of
Public Schools, etc., January i, 1897.
Number. Per cent.
Kindergartens 6,225 -045
Primary Grades, 59«297 -428
Secondary Grades 38,497 .278
Grammar Grades 29,742 .215
High, Normal and Manual
Training Schools, 4«774 -034
Total, 138,535
Boys, 49 per cent.: girls, 51 per cent.
6t5
SCHOOL PROPERTY.
Number of School Buildingfs owned by
the City 226
Number of Buildings rented for School
purposes, 81
Valuation of School Build-
ings and Lots owned by
the City, *$i 1,587,516 00
Amount paid in 1896 for
rentalsof School Buildings, 45,828 32
Valuation of Lots used for
School purposes (not owned
by City), 36475^> 00
*Based upon actual cost at time of erection.
STATISTICS
Showing the Progress of the Philadelphia
Public School System from Its Organiza-
tion (1818) to the Present Time.
1818.
Number of Schools 6
Number of Teachers 10
Number of Pupils 2,845
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture $18,809 00
Amount of School Expenses, . 23,049 00
Cost per Pupil 3 57
1838.
Number of Schools, 167
Number of Teachers 257
Number of Pupils, 18,794
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture, $396,764 00
Amount of School Expenses. 188,741 00
Cost per Pupil, 4 75
1867.
Number of Schools 382
Number of Teachers, 1*367
Number of Pupils 77*164
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture $2,355,322 00
Amount of School Expenses, 1,092,970 00
Cost per Pupil 15 16
1892.
Number of Schools 427
Number of School Buildings, 274
Number of Teachers, 2,878
Number of Pupils, 1 18.268
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture $9,456,239 00
Amount of School ExpeiiSes, 3,222,886 56
*Cost per Pupil, 22 75
State Appropriation, 1,071,790 70
1893-
Number of Schools, 428
Number of School Buildings, 287
Number of Teachers 2.988
Number of Pupils 125.180
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture $10,166,695 00
Amount of School Expenses, 3,461,183 05
*Cost per Pupil, 23 61
State Appropriation, 950,924 10
J 894.
Number of Schools, 417
Number of School Buildings, 289
Number of Teachers, 3-095
Number of Pupils, 127,637
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture $1 1.273,573 00
Amount of School Expenses, 3063,497 31
*Cost per Pupil 24 14
State Appropriation 1,051,669 c6
1895.
** Number of Schools, 425
Number of School Buildings, 302
Number of Teachers 3* 161
Number of Pupils 132,052
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture, $1 1,512,933 00
Amount of School Expenses, 3.965,571 17
*Cost per Pupil 23 42
State Appropriation 1,051,669 06
616
1896.
**Number of Schools 423
Number of School Buildings, 307
Number of Teachers 3*^SS
Number of Pupils, ^38,535
Valuation of Real Estate and
Furniture Si 1,587,516 00
Amount of School Expenses, 3,422,181 63
*Cost per Pupil 22 63
State Appropriation 1,051,669 06
* Cost per pupil (day schools) based upon
annual expenses, excluding permanent im-
provements.
** Decrease in number of schools caused by
combining schools in same building under one
Principal.
617
Addenda
On March i, 1897, ^^^ Board of Judges
met and made appointments to fill the three
vacancies then existing in the Board of Pub-
lic Education. Thomas G. Barrett was
appointed to succeed Isaac A. Sheppard,
resigned, Sixteenth Section; John Oughton
was appointed the member from the Twenty-
eighth Section, this seat having been vacant
since the Section was divided, and WiUiam
Steele was appointed to succeed the late
Charles F. Abbol, Thirty-eighth Section.
Through an oversight the names of the
following members of the Board of Directors
of the Twentieth Section were omitted in the
chapter on the schools of that Section:
Samuel Disston, James S. Hallowell, Thomas
Keating, Dr. William Macintosh, William H.
Morris and Thomas Y. Severn.
On March 8, the Northwestern School,
Tenth Section, was partially destroyed by fire.
On March 16, Professor Georee Stuart, of
the faculty of the Central High School died.
LIST OF PRESIDENTS
Of the Board of Public Education from its
Organization, in 1818, to 1897.
Robert Vaux, April, 1818, to January i,
1830.
Thomas Dunlap, January i, 1830, to Jan-
uary I, 1840.
George M. Wharton, January 1, 1840, to
January i, 1841.
Henry Leech, January i, 1841, to Januar}'
I, 1844.
John Miller, January i, 1844, to January i,
1847.
George M. Wharton, January i, 1847, ^^
January i, 1850.
Daniel S. Beideman, January i, 1850, to
January i, 1853.
George M. Wharton, January i, 1853, ^^
January i, 1854.
Thomas G. Hollingsworth, January i,
1854, to January i, 1857.
William J. Reed, January i, 1857, to Janu-
ary I, 1859.
Henry Bumm, January i, 1859, to January
I, 1861.
Benjamin M. Dusenberry, January i, 1861,
to January i, 1862.
Leonard R. Fletcher, January i, 1862, to
January i, 1864.
Edward Shippen, January i, 1864, to Janu-
ary I, 1869.
Daniel Steinmetz, January i, 1869, to Jan-
uary I, 1870. '
M. Hall Stanton, January i, 1870, to Jan-
uary I, 1877.
James Long, January i, 1877, to Januar}-
I, 1879.
Edward T. Steel, January i, 1879, ^^ Janu-
ary I, 1889.
Isaac A. Sheppard, January i, 1889, to
December, 1896.
Simon Gratz, pro tem., January, 189E;. to
January, 1897.
Simon Gratz, January, 1897.
6x8
LIST OF SECRETARIES
From 1818 to 1897.
Willie Birnie, 18 19.
Thomas M. Petit, 18 19.
Daniel B. Smith, 1820.
Thomas M. Petit, 1821-1833.
Charles Petit, 1833-1835.
WiUiam Piersol, 1835-1837.
R. Penn Smith, 1837-1841.
Thomas B. Florence, 1 841 -1849.
Robert J. Hemphill, 1849-1863.
James D. Campbell, 1863- 1865.
Henry W. Halliwell, 1865.
619
School Directors
New Directors elected February i6, 1897
First Section. — Enoch D. Park, Edward
Meredith.
Second Section. — ^John C. Mitchell, John
P. Gallen.
Fifth Section. — Alfred Cavagnaro, Samuel
Rav, Morris Busch, Charles W. Xaultv.
Seventh Section. — Henrietta Bailev, Louis
Britton.
Eighth Section. — William H. Ramsey.
Ninth Section. — Miss Dora K?en.
Tenth Section. — Richard T. Browne.
Eleventh Section. — Thomas J. Erbe.
Tw^elfth Section. — Frederick Halterman,
John Maxwell, Emanuel Falana.
Thirteenth Section. — Paul Jagode, James
H. Wolfe.
Fourteenth Section. — H. H. Ross, Henrv
Fernberger.
Fifteenth Section. — ^John F. Harper. Mrs.
Elizabeth Rilev.
Seventeenth Section. — Franklin P. Dun-
gan, William P. Ruhl, William J. Logan.
Eighteenth Section. — Thomas Jarvis, \\'il-
liam C. Mohler, James Crookshank.
Nineteenth Section. — Thomas C. Benner,
A. George Baker, Henry Agnew.
Twentieth Section. — Charles Goldsmith.
Twentv-first Section. — William Aucott,
Dominick Martin.
Twent v-second Section. — Horatio N. Eisen-
brey, William J. Patterson.
Twentv-third Section. — William Veditz.
Twentv-fourth S e c t i o n. — Weslev A.
Loonev, Morris H. Ritter, William L.
Smurth.
Twenty-fifth Section. — Richard R. Ander-
son, George L. Anderson, William J. Crosson,
Twenty-sixth Section. — Charles A. Gilling-
ham, George W. Steinbach, Herman Wil-
laredt.
Twenty-seventh Section. — William W.
W^eaver.
Twentv-eighth Section. — Arthur A. Muth.
Henrv Winter, B. F. Severs, William H.
Inman.
Twentv-ninth Section. — Annie Bartrani
Hall, William F. Berkenstock, David H.
Stone, George W. Davis.
Thirtieth Section. — ^John W. Cross. Joseph
A. McHenry, \\'illiam R. King.
Thirty-first Section. — William Kumpf, Jr.
Thirty-second Section. — Julian P. Wright,
Acheson Manning.
Thirty-third Section. — \\illiam S. Jones,
John J. Eberhardt.
Thirty-fourth Section. — \Mnfield S. But-
land, Jonas Suplee.
Thirty-fifth S e c t i o n. — William Maier,
Henrv Brous.
Thirtv-sixth Section. — Samuel McRev-
nolds, William J. Beatty.
Thirtv-seventh Section. — Thomas Milli-
gan, Ormond Rambo.
Thirty-eigl'th Section. — Archibald Stirling,
Sallie Dobson, Gecree W. Worman, John W.
Ranck, Truman Auge, G. W. Zcieler.
620
special riention
I. H. \VISLER&-SON.
Among the old landmarks of Philadelphia
is the estaldishiiient of I, H. 'W'isler & Son,
223 and 225 North Sixth street, famous for
the manufactnreof chairsof the highest grade.
Since i8_^9, through times of business pros-
perity and times of husiness depression alike,
this firm has remained firmly founded on the
same spot where their warerooms are now-
located, and through honest dealings and an
adherence to the principle of manufacturing
and selling none hut the best goods, they have
won a most enviable reputation.
The business was established in 1839 by
Nathan Wood. He was succeeded in 1854 by
1. H. Wisler, who, by persistent effort com-
bined with his soun<i integrity, built up a busi-
ness second to none in that line of manufac-
ture. The estal>hshment in his time grew to
be known as one of the most reliable in the
city, and he enjoyed the regard of everyone
who had business relations with him.
In 1880 his son, Martin I. Wisler, was taken
into the business, and the firm name of I. H.
W'isler & Son was adopted. L'nder this name
it is still known, although its senior member
died in 1886, and Martin I. Wisler is now the
head of the establishment. Mr. Wisler is well
and favorably known in business circles, and
enjoys the esteem which was accorded his
father. That he is possessed of the same sterl-
ing qualities which brought success to the
latter he is daily demonstrating liy his wise
and sagacious management of the business, to
which he devotes ail his time and energy.
The business of I. H. Wisler & Son is con-
ceded to be one of the largest of its kind in the
world. Of the millions of people using chairs
each day, but few. perhai)s. give a thought to
the skill with which they are mo<ieled and put
together. But when it comes to a question of
comfort or discomfort, then all are very much
alive to the merits of the chairs, and the com-
parison between the comfortable, luxurious
depositories for tire<l human frames to-dav
and the ugly, straight-backed chairs of a cen-
tury ago is so great as to occasion a smile for
the simplicity of the people who would toler-
ate such an invention as the old arm chair
appears to have been.
The imitation in appearance of the old-style
chairs, however, is now a popular fad, the
difference between old and new being that the
imitation is vastly more comfortable than the
old-time model.
The firm has two spacious warerooms, each
36x100 feet, in which they show over one
thousand different styles of chairs, and, in
addition. a si<le line of ofTice furniture. Among
the most remarkable useful articles in the en-
tire establishment are their patent extension
tables, which are self-adjusting, and have done
away with the necessity of putting in and
taking out leaves. These tables mav safely
be counted among the greatest inventions of
the age in the furniture business.
REEiyS WORD LESSONS, A COMPLETE SPELLER
REED'S INTRODUCTORY LANGUAGE WORK
REED & KELLOGG^ GRADED LESSONS IN ENGLISH
REED & KELLOGG^ HIGHER LESSONS IN ENGLISH
JtJtJt
These four books, offering a complete and consecutive course in spelling, language lessons, grammar itnd
composition have been adopted by the Hoard of Education and are extensively used in the Philadelphia schools.
Mayiuid's Eaglisli Ckisic Scries affords the largest variety of the best literature for supplementary reading
at lowest cost. These books are on the Philadelphia supply list and a complete descriptive catalogue of them will
be sent on application to the publishers.
Mcrrill'i Vertical Penmanship in thirteen numbers is the easiest to teach, the easiest to learn, and excels in the
simplicity and beauty of its letter forms. The books have recently been added to the supply list.
Correspondence regarding the use of the above books will be highly appreciated by the publishers.
MAYNARD, MERRILL, & CO, PUBLISHERS, 43, 45 and 47 East Tenth Sired, New Ytwk
School
Supplies
HEADQUARTERS FOR
W. & A. K. Johnston's Celebrated Wall Maps
VI. & A. K. Johnston's Superior Globes
Bock-Steger Anatomical Models
■d ir iz
natural Slate Blackboards
Reversible Slate Blackboards
Olcotl's Wool Felt Blackboard Erasers
Seaman's Commercial Paste
■a t! -a
Superior Drawing Paper
Blank Drawing Books
Composition Books and Note Books
THE BEST SCHOOL INK
ft ft ft
Victoria Window Blinds (anequaled for all public and
Private buildings). Write for prices.
J. M. OLCOTT
70 Fifth Avenue New York City
FrlGQils' Book
flssociatioii
PHILADELPHIA
^oubhvest! Come; I5t:li and ^ace ^ts.
* Publishers, Booksellers, Stationers, Blank Book
\ Manufacturers, Priaters, Bngravers, etc.
\ ilesides being a depository for Friends' Books and Friendljr
\ Literature, a leading feature of the businesi is Klndcrxarten
t and School Supplies. At the close of the Centennial Eihibi'
t lion, in 1S76, we purchased the Kindetganen Stock which bad
t been thereon exhibition, opened a kindergarten depaitaieDl,iiid
I have kept pace with the improvements since. We are the
\ authorized agents and headijuarters for everything in the line of
I Kindergarten Material, Rooks and Furniture.
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.
Tills institution, whose main offices and
inamifactory are represented in the above
illustration, has been established about seven
years. It ac(|iiire(] by |nirchase the leading,
best-known and most sn -ccssful scliuol Itooks
published in the countr.-, and thus came at
once into prominence as the larj^est house in
its hne in .\merica, whicli, of course, is ecpii-
valent to saying it is the largest in the world.
While steadily maintaining the high stand-
ing of the publications acquired, it has also
constantly striven to ii;']>rove them from an
educational, as well as a mechanical, point of
view. But earnest as its efforts have been in
this direction, its publication of new book.s
has been even more notable.
The Company maintains its supremacy at
the head of the school book publishing busi-
ness by meeting every reasonable educational
demand. \ew books in all departments are
constantly added to its list, from the primer
for the youngest pupils up to the remarkable
work on Latin inscriptions by Professor Ilp-
bert, which was issued a few months ago, and
is a monument of learning as well as of the
publishers' Hberality and enterprise. Indeed,
the attitude of the Company is to pid)-
lish a new book, or series of
books, in any branch, whenever it
can be shown that such books are
an improvement over existing
texts. By the pursuance of such
a policy, as well as In- the employ-
ment of acompetent editorial corps
to improve and perfect theirbooks
already in the market, the Ameri-
can Book Company is sure to re-
main headquarters for everything
that is best in school text-books.
To insure low retail prices to
the actual consumer, the Com-
pany sends its publications to any
address in the United States, pre-
paid, on receipt of its wholesale
list prices, a plan in which it is
alone among publishers. Thus
those unable to visit the New York office may
order by mail with the perfect assurance that
they will buy as cheaply as such books can be
sold anywhere in the Union.
The new fire-proof structure, represented in
the cut. occupies one of the finest business
sites in Xew York City. Handsome and mas-
sive in appearance, it was constructed strictly
for business occujiancy, and contains what is,
])ossibly, the finest plant in this country for
the manufacture of books. The printing
presses and numerous machines used in the
bindery are all run by electricity, which is gen-
erated on the premi.ses. The offices of the
president, vice-president, secretary, treasurer
and editorial department are on the second
floor: and the counting-rooms, salesrooms,
agents, correspondents and manager's quar-
ters are on the ground floor: shipping is also
done from the street level.
Visitors interested in educational work, in
text-books or their manufacture, are always
cordially welcome; and those who look in
upon the .American Book Company, at loo
Washington Square. New York City, can
hardly fait to be impressed with the intelli-
gence, earnestness and industry that charac-
terizes the establishment.
GINN&CO.
The house of Ginn & Co., the well-known
school-book publishers, has for many years
been second to none in the educational value
of its books, and in the short space of a little
over a quarter of a century has grown to be
the largest single school-book house in Amer-
ica. It has branch offices in New York, Chi-
cago, Columbus, Atlanta, Dallas and London.
The "Athenaeum Press," is a large five-
story building, located in Cambridge, Mass.,
devoted exclusively to the printing, binding
and shipping of this firm's publications. In
this model building may be seen the most im-
proved machinery known to the printing and
binding business. The wonderful and costly
machines placed on every floor of this Imild-
ing demonstrate the remarkable ingenuity
and mechanical skill of the present age. The
output of the '^Athenaeum Press'' is at pres-
ent ten thousand volumes per day, and its
capacity is for double that number.
It has been the aim of this firm to make a
careful study of the problems of education
and to spare no pains to secure the best editor-
ial talent possible. Its Hst now includes books
by the leading educational men all over the
country, and in almost every town in the
United States some of Ginn & Company's
publications are used.
The text-books of this firm rank as peers
of any in the world. The Philadelphia High
Schools use extensively its publications, and
the lower schools use an enormous number of
them, such as Frye*s Geographies, Mont-
gomery's Histories, Blaisdell's Physiologies,
Classics for Children, Sticknev's Readers, Tar-
bell's Language Lessons and many others.
The Philadelphia office of this firm is at
1229 Arch street.
■^^^^^^«^
BOOKS
NEW AflD SECOflD HAflD
College Text Books of every
description ; also Law, Medi-
cal, Scientific and Theological
Books. Civil,Mechanical Engi-
neering.
IvigVevs book store
39 North Thirteenth Street
PHIIiADBIiP|lIA
I want to buy all books I can find
Highest prices paid
WILLIAM CHRISTY & SOX,
Contractors, Carpenters and Builders,
1709 Kater Street, Philadelphia.
Residence, 1606 Wharton Street.
Since 1887 the above firm has been actively
and extensively identified with the building
business. It has, during this time, erected a
large number of handsome residences and
numerous additions to public school houses.
Having given special attention to this class
of work, the firm is well qualified for meeting
all re(|uirements, and to carry out at reason-
able figures all contracts entrusted to it.
William Christy, the senior member of the
firm, served a regular apprenticeship to the
trade and has continuously devoted his entire
time to the vocation. The son, William A.
Christv. learned the trade with his father, so
that both members are thoroughly versed
with everv detail of the business.
Besides builcUng all classes of structures,
tlie firm also attends to repair work of every
description, and estimates are promptly
furnished whenever requested.
Both members of the firm are Philadel-
phians by birth, and occupy a high standinc: i^^
business and social circles.
626
DAVID R. BURNS,
739 North Nineteenth Street, Philadelphia.
Plunibiiig;, Gas and Steam Fitting, Hot-
Water Heating and Ventilating, and Gen-
eral Contracting.
To the pUinibers of Philadelphia belong
the credit of having instituted the first organ-
ized movement among the trade towaril
applying scientific principles to the methods
of drainage and ventilation, and naturally the
greatest a<ivancement in that direction lias
been made in this city. The credit of this
belongs to such enterprising and thorough-
going members of the craft as David R.
Burns, who has always made it a study to
effect improvements wherever possible. En-
gaged in the plumbing, gas and steam-fitting,
hot-water heating and ventilating business
since 1882. he makes specialties of the latter
two branches: he also does a general con-
tracting business, covering every line of the
vocation. His remarkable success is due to
his zealous devotion to the business and his
invariable fair dealing. As facts speak louder
than words, and ability is best proven by pre-
senting indisputable evidence, we make men-
tion of some of the many important contracts
he has satisfactorily fu]fi]le<l. Among these
are the Morks of the Keystone Watch Case
Co.. The People's Theatre and A\'inter Circus
Building, of which he installed the entire out-
put: also the plant of the Odd Fellows' Tem-
ple and that of Lit Brothers' building. Mr.
Burns did the plumbing work of the Masonic
Home and placed the steam plant in the Trin-
ity Baptist Church, In Camden. N. J- The
power and heating equipment of the Horn &
Brannan Manufacturing Co's building, the
gas fitting, plumbing and radiating apparatus
in the I.ulu Temple Hail, the heating plant
of the Trocadero Theatre are also specimens
of his excellent work. Mr. Burns entirely
refitted the residence of A. H. Moore, 171 1
Spring Garden street, and installed the gas.
water, hydraulic, steam and heating plant of
the Cloverdale Stock Farm at Colmar. Pa..
belonging to the same gentleman. He re-
modeled the mill of William Wood & Co.. and
did the plumbing, draining and gas fitting of
the mill of the Bridesburg Manufacturing Co..
which was quite a large contract. He has
also installed complete equipments and
refitted a number of school -houses and ele-
gant private resi<lences in Philadelphia, and
at Wayne, Berwyn, Delanco and Spring Lake,
N. J. He has just completed for the United
States Government at League Island a fire
service and water plant, also equipped the
houses with hot-water heating appliances.
One of his recent contracts is the heating
plant of the Dalsimer Building, South Penn
Square. Mr. Burns was awarded the con-
tract of heating and ventilating the New
Hoys' High School, amounting to over $40,-
000, which work is now in progress.
David R. Burns was born at Fall River,
Mass., September 27. 1852, and he came with
his parents to Philadelphia in i860, who
settled in the section then known as the Dis-
trict of Southwark. Having acquired a com-
mon school education, he entered upon an
apprenticeship of five years at the plumbing
and gas-fitting trade. Previous to going into
business on his own account, he was a fore-
man for a prominent firm for eight years, dur-
ing which time he supervised a number of very
large contracts. Tlie wareroom and work-
shop are located at 739 North Nineteenth
street, which he has always occupied, and are
provided with every facility for promptly and
efficiently meeting every possible requirement
appertaining to all lines of the business.
Mr. Burns was recently elected a director
of the local branch of the Master Plumbers'
.Association, and he is prominently identified
with all the Masonic bodies, also a member of
Lulu Temple, Order of the Mystic Shrine,
William R. Boswell. tlic artist, iias obeyed
the command of the poet, "Look in thine own
heart and write," an<l (hstingnished himself by
the introduction of the paintinfj of maps and
ffra<le-work in the I'hiladeiphia miblic schools,
which has been highly commended by the
teachers, the public, and endorsed by the
Philadelphia Board of Public Education,
It is a new feature in the school-room,
which furnishes the most correct, simple and
attractive method of cultivating the study.
and is eminently calculated to facilitate the
work of elementary instruction.
There are twelve grades of work, which
have been carefully arranged — map studies,
object lessons and graphic illustrations of the
animal and plant life in all lands. These illus-
trations are accurate and striking. The draw-
ing and coloring are true, and are designed to
excite and gratify the appetite of the young
for the knowledge of nature.
The interest and admiration excited by it.
and the advancement and general good that
results from it, <lemonstrate the e:^tensive
usefulness and perceptive character of this
work. Schools or other educational institu-
tions wishing to avail themselves of this pres-
ent work will achlress
WM. R. BOSWELL.
1436 South Broad Street.
Phila<lelphia. P,i
Wl{t^ Security 1i!^rust |
...AND... J
Hife Insurance Co. j
Ti. W. Cor. Tenth and Chestnut Sts. I
Capital, full paid, $350,000 t
/$$UE$ Policies ON Insurable Lives \
Receives Deposits
■2 PER CENT. ON DEMAND CERTIFICATES AND :
CtlECKINQ ACCOUNTS
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULT
IKRT E. PATTlSON.Pfti
irMsuRe IN
United Firemen's Insurance k
OFFICE, 419 WfiliNUT STf^EET
PMILADELPMIA
Capital, full paid . . . .
#300.000
Assets, Jasuarv 1
.. 1897 . .
. 1, 426,011
Surplus TO PoLicvHOLOEKS
501,569
« a •
ROBERT B. BEATH, P-€><d.ml
JOSEPH L. CAVEN, ytc-Prt
StC'€l.
•->
« • *
DIRBCTORS
Wh. M. SlNCtRLV
CmA». M. LUKKHI
KouTEiN D>M*VE><
WiLI
J«.1
aw. B. BunOLi
LiAH Wood
■ E, RiDO""
KSTABLISHED 1800
SHARPLESS & WATTS
1522 Chestnut Street
1520, 1522 and 1527 Sansom Street and
1521 and 1523 Moravian Street
Interior furnishings for fireplaces, Tiles and Mosaics for ceilings, walls, floors of bath rooms,
halls, vestibules, kitchens, pantries, laundries, etc.
Artistic Wrought Iron and Brass work — special designs furnished — Mantels made in Wood,
Stone, Onyx. Marble, Slate, Iron, etc.
We have practically 25 stores in one — 38,000 to 40,000 square feet of floor space to carry
on our business, and competent people to look after the different departments. We employ the
best artisans in their different branches.
Having all the facilities for taking the roughest work and finishing it without leaving the
premises — fitting, polishing, plating — and returning work on the same day when necessary.
We take pleasure in referring you to a few places where our work can be seen : —
Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, Broad and Diamond Streets— Pulpit in Mosaic, Brass
and Onyx; Baptismal Font in Onyx, Mosaic and Brass.
New City Hall— Tile and Brass Work.
Bank of North America— Marble and Bronze Grilles.
State Library, Harrlsburg.
Buildings of the State, War and Navy Departments, Washington.
Provident and Guarantee Trust Go's Building, Chestnut Street Bank, Drexel Institute,
Aldine Hotel, Pennsylvania Railroad Station, Reading Terminal and White Star Line
Steamships, as well as the Ferry Boats plying between New York and New Jersey,
where will be found ample evidence of what we can do in Tile, Mosaic, Marble,
Wrought Iron and Brass.
We are always ready and pleased to carry out ideas of our customers in any of the branches
of our business. Our catalogues fjive you but a vague idea of what we have and what we can do.
We have what others have and many things that cannot be found elsewhere.
Respectfully,
SHARPLESS & WATTS
609
E. H. BL'TLER & CO..
Educational Publishers.
riiiladelpliia.
Cliicajjo. Boston.
Among the oldest, best known, and most
popular scliool-book houses inAmerica is that
of E. H. Butler & Co. In 1R87 it celebrated
its semi-centennial — the present manajjer.
Mr. E. H. Butler being of the third genera-
tion of the publishers of this name who began
bnsiness early in the century.
A few years .since this House purchased the
list of Cowperthwait & Co.. and it now pub-
lishes many of the most valuable and success-
ful school books in the market. These
include, among others, Butler's, Warren's,
and Mitchell's Geographies, Monroe's and
Butler's Series of Readers, Monroe's Spellers,
the New American Spelters and Arithmetics,
the Union Series of Physiologies, Butler's and
the Business Standard Copy Books, Powell's
Language Series. Bingham's Latin Text-
books, etc.. etc.. together with a full line of
wall maps, charts, and other modem school
appliances.
E. H. Butler & Co. have always been pro-
gres.sive. Within the last two years they have
added to their already extensive list of ap-
proved text-books a new series of Readers
(Hazen's) in live books, a First Year Book by
the same author, which is a marvel of artistic
color-printing, a series of .Arithmetics and an
Algebra by Dr. George W. Hull of Millers-
ville. and a series of Vertical-writing Copy-
hooks (N'aile's). These liooks have met with
signal success, and it is the intention of this
House to meet in an equally satisfactory man-
ner all demands for new text-books neces-
sitated by the continued advance in educa-
tional ideas.
IF YOU WOULD USE oHiiY THE BEST | The Bolles' Sliding and
BARNES'
A. ^. Barney do,
NewManlFlillalcliliia
Revolving Safety Sash
; " Tlie only sash which can be reversed for cleaning wiih
• a single movement. Remains open ai any angle at
* whicli it is placed, and is absolutely alr-tlghl. (Can be seen
Z in the new Iliyh School lluilding )
RUpUS E. EGGIiESTON
SOLE ACSEl-JX
: 575 and 576 MUTUALi lilFE BUILDING
M.\M FACTOllY AT :
22s MOKTH KIKTH SXREKT j
PHILADELPHIA : TEUEP
N. W. Cor. Tenih and Chestnut Sts.
PHIUHDHIiPHlA
WM. L. DOUIER
HENRV D'OUIKR, JB
D'Olier Electric Company
En^ineer5 M (^ontre^ctor^
No. 129 South Eleventh Street
PHILADELPHIA
Complete Installations of Light and Power Plants
PLANS
SPECIFICATIONS
CONTRACTORS FOR
Philadelphia Boys* High School
SUPERVISION -^t- Central Manual Training School
David R. Burns
- ■ 'iiij
1 --
L:I,i-"-j ,
plans, Sfjeeifications and prof)ositions
Furnished for Heating and Ventilating OfTiee Buildings, Apartment
Houses, Hotels, Churches, Dwellings, etc.
Ko. ^30 :N^ortl:i :xliie teen tin street
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
eading i::'KGlograpKers
^
1050 ©hestqut ftt,
2(igh-cla££ work at popular
prices. Special rales to siu»
dents aad teachers for cabi nets,
E. \ Jlctfflan-Ti'eichlEi' Co.
3Ha«Jng, etc.
F^ugs.j'^lats, Shading
713 MARKET STREET
PHILADELPHIA
groups and other photographs | Genaron, Ileliance and Faleon Bieyelc»
Adamant VD^ll Plaster.
- o
z
Tj
r
pj
So
IB 0
MO
r
0)
H
m
90
•JS^SDlcl^ P^^Pl^^O PUOJ?! 3UOJ.S/53'^
Founded 1880
Incorporated 1884
Mount Vernon Institute of Elocution and Languages
1336 SPRINO OARDEN STREET
F»HII>ADELF»HIA. PA.
Qfj^ Wa\a# PiLjTTdfWrtl '^^^ demands of the School requiring more commodious quarters,
l^% *w IJjl ^Yic building at 1336 Spring Garden Street has been torn down and
reconstructed in such a manner that our facilities are greatly enlarged, and our work can be performed in a
much more systematic and satisfactory way. On the basement floor is a banquet room, and a large hall,
kitchen and dressing rooms ; on the first floor an auditorium, with thoroughly equipped stage, and a seating
capacity of one thousand ; on the second floor, school rooms, office, library and smaller auditorium ; on
the third and fourth floors a gymnasium, running track and school rooms. An electric elevator runs to all
floors, and the building is lighted by electricity and gas.
DIRECTORS
ADOLPH W. MILLER, M. D. JOHN BARDSLEY JAMES MILLIGAN
F^ACULXY
JOSEPH B. WILLITS
FRANCES E. PEIRCE
FRANCES E. PEIRCE, Principal
Theory and Practice of Elocution , Dramatic
Action^ English^ Vocal Technique,
Book-keeping and Spanish
JOSEPH B. WILLITS, D. O.
Oratory y Extempore Speech ^ History and
Lectures
Rkv. theophilus p. price
Greek and Assistant in Oratory
MARGARET A. MAISCH, B. O.
Physical Culture and Assistant in Elocution and
German
ELIZABETH HAYWARD
Assistant in Dramatic Action
JOHN H. BECHTEL
Orthcepy and Sound Analysis
Ernest H. Sturts
ANNA J. PHILSON
General Literature
HERBERT T. GRANTHAM
ASSO. M. AMER. SOC. C. K.
Structural Engineering and Mechanical
Drawing
SAMUEL C. WELLS
Penmanship
M'LLE ZIMERLE
French
OSCAR SCHLIEF
German
HETTIE E. WILLITS
Latin
H. J. CHAPMAN, M. D.
Scientific Branches
MABEL H. BARDSLEY, B. E.
Piano t Grammar and Rhetoric ^ and Assistant in
Book-keeping
EMMA GOLZE
Singing
H. S. GREIMS
Violin
SHEPPARD K. KOLLOCK
Vocal Culture and Hesrm^my
PAUL ENO
Banjo
ANNE BALOERSTON
China Painting, Draivtng ana Modeling
W. WARD BEAM
Physical Culture and Director of Gyrnnasimm
ANDREW R. POUbSOfl
jJardware
l!in and Sheet Iron
Worl^
er
2525 and 2527 Ridge Avenue
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
HEflTERS. R/INQE5, 5T0YES, ETC.
MADE AND REPAIRED
Tinware and House Furnishing Goods
AlteratioDS and Jobbing of every Description
SCHOOL AND CHURCH FURNITURE
} N. W. Con. 15th and Whanton Sts.
PHILADELPHIA
ALL JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO
^•3*
The PflNCOflST Ventilator
COMPLETE VIEW
liROKEN VIEW
Absolutely Storm Proof
with no Back Draft
HANDSOME
EFFECTIVE in
DURABLE
Endoi'M bj prominent Architect^
SHOWING I^DGEWISE BRACES
The smaller sizes are made of the best Black Metal, and then galvanized, thus leav-
ing no raw or unprotected edges to rust, and making a better and more durable job than
if made up from Galvanized Iron.
NO SCHOOL-HOUSE, CHURCH OR PUBLIC BUILDING IS COMPLETE
WITHOUT THEM
GOOD VENTILATION MEANS GOOD HEALTH
You can bay Veatilators that are ebeapcr than the PANCOAST, but
none that are worth as much.
FREE CONSULTATION IN REGARD TO VENTILATION AND
REMOVAL Of SMOKE, FUMES, ETC.
OUR VENTILATORS ARE GUARANTEED OR MONEY REFUNDED
ALWAYS SEE THAT VOL OET THE
PAWeOAST VEWTILATOR
AND TAKE NO OTHER
Our Window Ventilator, for schools, offices, residences. chimney cap
etc., now beinjj put on the market, is conceded to be the best yet
introduced. The price at which they are being sold is very tow.
CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED
The PflMCOflST VetlTILflTOK C2.,nflNMr«TgRCRS
Offices, 316 Philadelphia Bourse. Philadelphia, Pa.
GEORGE W. STEWART
Qontraetop, QarpentSp and {guilder
230 DIAMOND STREET
TELEPHONE CONNECTION PHILADELPHIA
George W. Stewart succeeded to the business established in 1857 by Messrs.
Eldridge & Stewart. Has built several buildings for the city, and has had contracts
from the Board of Public Education for the completion of the High School Annex,
and the School Fifteenth and Norris Streets.
Has also erected buildings for John Bromley & Sons, Thos. Devlin & Co ,
Laird, Schober & Mitchell, North Bros, Mfg. Co, U. S. Grant Post, No. 5, G. A. R.,
Hoyle. Harrison & Kaye, Wm. H. Lorimer's Sons & Co., Lutheran Church of the
Advent. Sharpless Bros.. Trinity Presbyterian Church. Wm. G. Warden, New Tabernacle
Baptist Church.
penngijlvania l^a? F0m Co. PICTCLL5
MANLFACTiRERsoF B High-gfadc Whccls at popular prices. Come
I and see our Wheels before purchasing.
Gas and Electric Fixtures ^, .crTnivi
j LLIrTOIN AND
Offiee and paetopy, 1824-26 Mc^^^on St. g O O O ^1 V/^r>
b.ocb.iLYtK
(Between 4th and 5th Sts., Montgomery Ave. and Berks St.) |
I Buy direct from the manufacturer and save
PHUjADELPHIA ? ^^^ dealer's profit. We have no agents. We
sell our Wheels direct and give our patrons the
discount that other manufacturers give the dealers
I by making a low price for a first-class Wheel.
HospitQle, Sehools, ©ollogoe, Piibli©
Buildirige arid F^QsidQnoee fupriiehQd
at pooli-bottonq rq a r)u fast u pops' ppieos.
SGHRAGH & SHERWOOD
FIRST-CliASS WORKMANSHIP
233 AND 235 MARKET ST.
PHILADELPHIA
SPEC/AL DESmNS FURNISHED AT REQUEST I IHIanofaetorei's of High-flw**' Bieyeles
«36
THE TEACHER
Is the only journal published in Philadelphia in the interests of public school education
exclusively.
til III III III
IT APPEALS
To teachers in a special way, because the articles are written by practical educational
experts, and it advocates the interests of teachers in a fearless and impartial manner.
Ill III HI III
IT INTERESTS
Parents and the friends of education generally, because it keeps its readers in touch
with educational progress.
Ill 111 HI III
It is ab/e, dignified and Iiandsomely printed.
^*TIie Teacher** should he read hy every School Director,
Teacher and Parent.
**The 1 eacher" is published every month (except July and August) under the
editorial direction of ©I^je lEibixtc^tJon^l (Kiitbr o£ 'pt^ilttibrjelfcil^m^
III III III III
SUBSCl^IPTIOriS, OJilB DObliflR PBH YEAH
III HI HI HI
Address all correspondence relating to subscriptions and advertising to the
Publishers,
CASTLE & HEILMAN
27 N. Second St., Pbiladelpbiu
637
SAMUEL (SOURLEY. JR..
Contractor and Builder.
2IOO Ridge Avenue, Philadelphia.
The connection of Sanniel Gourley, Jr.,
with the business in which he is extensively
engaged dates from boyhood. He therefore
cannot fail to have a thorough knowledge of
every detail of the building art. In 1861, his
father, Samuel Gourley, commenced on his
own account as a carpenter an<l builder, on
Warnock street, above Girard avenue. In
1870 his father's efforts had met with such
remarkable success that he purchased the
property at Twenty-first street and Ridge
avenue, and incorporated the manufacture of
mill work with his other operations. Owing
to the steady increase in the volume of busi-
ness, the factory was subsequently consider-
ably enlarged. The son. who has been actively
identified with the business from youth, was
admitted to co-partnership in 1889. Two
years later the firm was dissolved. Samuel
Gourley, Jr., since engaging exclusively in
contracting and building, and the father con-
tinuing the milt business; both branches
being, however, conducted in concert at the
same location.
L.O. HOWELUJR. JOHN • McCARRON
■plumber
©aj and ^teatn 'pitter j
Miiiiiiii'fyf
DDq^
»-Tfc#^ House and Sign Painter and Glazier
jlp^ ___
-sY ~^ Frescoing, etc.
Hot Waior-
2013 Columbia Ave.
Taliphona Conntcl.on l>
JSTo. 1111 ©hfisiiori BlrQOt
Philadolphit
EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE
Acknowledged
lobe
The HEAICST
Host COMFORTASU
Most TCHACIOUS
Eyeglass made
PRESCRIPTIONS."
' SPECIflli STUDY
Do not wear ill-adjusted
Spectacles or
Eyeglasses
Consult us
J. L. BORSCH S' CS.
1324 WALNUT 5T.
AMERICA'S NATIONAL SONQS
COUUHBinn HDITION, PRICB 10 CHflTB
USED IN MOST SCHOOLS TMROyGHOUT TME UNITED STATES
CONTENTS:— "The SUr Spangled Kanner," "Hail Columbia," "The Red, White and Blue," " Guatd ih« Rag."
" Culumbitt, my Counlry," " America " (wilh Ihe old and new music), " God llieis out Land,'' " The Slars and Stripes Forever,"
" A Song of Liberty," " Yankee Doodle." Also the Arbor-day Songs, " lieautiful Trees of ihe Wayside," " Joy for the Sturdy
Trees," and a treatise on " The American Flag" and " Flag Day."
Adopted by Ihe Board of Public Education of Philadelphia, and is placed upon the list of textbooks for use in the
SAMPLE COPT BY MAIL FOB 5 CENTS, "WITH PRICES IN QUANTITIES
PARKVIEW PUBLISHING CO.
3941 MARKET ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
S. B. BENAR
IflphiB
nd Vicinity for
Preacott Sliding Door HanEers, "Cross'
Improved Counter Balance Door for Elevator
Shafts, "G. & B." System of Fire Proofinfi
Wire lathing, Oliver Wagon Jacks, New York OCUCUTU OT
Safety Dumb Waiter, Norton Door Check ZZ /f. OLrCli I H oT.
and Spring, the "Lape" Pneumatic Dod PHtLADELPHIM
Check anJ Spring, the Larimer Door Spring, h„„oW»RE SfECIALTIES OF
ALL KIMDS
Hanard Door Holder. Clark Door Holder.
SmVER, BURDETT & COMPANY
PUBLISH eRS
Approved Text-Books Embodying Progressive Educational Methods
BOSTON
110-112 Boylston St.
NEW YORK
31 E. 17th St.
CHICAOO
262-264 Wabash Ave.
PHILADELPHIA
I32B Aneh St.
H. M. TRA.sk. Pennsylvania Ivlanager
J. |«. SHAPPEIib
M. McMANUS
, , „. 1 .. ©ontpaetoF
nou^e and ©i^ni mjk
I and ]3iiilclep
aPaintin? ■:• ■:■ •:•;
1B13 NORTH 21SI STREET
PHILADEILPHIA
OrdePa promptly attended to
No 414 WOOD STREET
PHILADELPHIA
Estimates eheerfully famished
HENRY R. ROBERTS
PRACTICAL
Slate, Metal, Tile and Composition
ROOFER
Roofing Slate, Blaek-boords, Msfbleixed ^
slate TAsintels and everything {
in the Slate Iiine |
i
Office, 2025 North Carlisle Street \
JSTo. 1416 Tioga Sii
I^iiicI^ei'bocI^ei'LimBGo.
366 North 24th Street
PHILADELPHIA
KKST (ICALITY OF
WOOD-BURNT LIME
ALWAYS ON HAND
PHILADELPHIA
HEATER AND I^RNGE JOBBING
GAliVANIZED IRON AND
COPPER CORNICES
BRANCH YARD
; i^merlcan and Dauphin Sts-
WM, B. IRVINE
ANDREW CAR FY
^eix-s
iUler
PHONE CONNCCTTON
* OFFICE- NO-IONOOTHELEVEHTH-ST- ^
THE FOLLOWING IS A PARTIAL LIST OF
PROMINENT OPERATIONS
The buildings of Ihe Philadelphia & Reading Terminal R. R. Co., which include the Stations at Twelfth
and Market Siteeis, Express Offices, Market and Train Shed, running from Market Street to Arch Street ; also,
the Power House from Arch Street to Cherry Street, and Engine Houses and Machine Shops extending from
Wallace Street lo F,iiimount Avenue.
School -Ho uses. —Cambria School, 13th and Cambria Streets, 37ih Section — see page S6; ; Brides-
burg School. Richmond and Jcnks Streets, 2Slh Section ; Landreth School, 23d and Federal Streets, 36lh Section
— see page 555; Cllenwood School, 30th and Hermann Streets, 28th Section — see page 459; and Levering School,
Ridge Avenue and Martin Sireet, Roxborough, 3ist Section — see pages 371 and 375.
InetltUtlonB.— Drcxel Institute, 32d and Chestnut Streets; Deaf and Dumb Institution at Mt. Airy,
including the Primary, Intermediate and Advanced Departments, and the Power House in connection thereto;
Pennsylvania Working Home for Blind Men, at 36ih Street and Lancaster Avenue; American Philosophical
Society's Building, 104 South jth Street.
BaofcS. — Northneslern National Bank, Commonwealth Trust Co., Trust Co. of North America.
Factories.— The entire plant of Ihe ajih Ward Gas Works. The Philadelphia Rubber Works, Caleb
J. Milnes' Factory, toth to i itb Street, on Washington Avenue; Brown & Bailey's, Franklin and Willow Streets;
Buck's Sons & Co., 8ih and Willow Streets.
Brevrerles. — Entire plant of Rob't Smith Brewing Co., large Stable for J. & P. Balti Brewing Co.
Prisons. — New County Prison at Holmesburg Junction.
Power Houses and Car Barns.— The entire plants, all the Power Houses, Car Barns and
Workshops for the People's Traction Co., Electric Traction Co., Hestonville, M. & F. Pass. R. W. Co., Union
Traction Co., and Power House and Car Barn for the Fairmount Park Transportation Co., at Belmont, in
Fair mount Park.
Store and Office Buildings. — Dobson Building, ioo;-09-ii Market Street; Pennsylvania
Heat, Light and Power Co's Building, N. E. Cor. loth and Sanson) Streets ; Bell Telephone Co's Building, N. E.
Cor. nth and Filbert Streets.
Hotels.— Hotel Imperial, N. W. Cor. nth and Filbert Streets; Hotel Aberdeen, Broad Street above
Filbert,
And Stores, Dwellings, etc., In the City and Suburbs, too numerous to mention
Whiting paper Compani)
"Writing Papers of Every Variety
18 South Sixth Street
PHILADELPHIA
HILUt AT HOLTOKE, MASS.
True economv. in the long run, lies in quality, not in cheapness. This applies to papers just as forcibly
as it does to anything else.
riy^Paper consumed, particularly in private and business correspondence, card, pamphlet or circular, that
can be depended on gives the most satisfaction to use, and makes the best impression on others. The quality
of paper used is, to a depree, held by the public as a test of the person or firm from whom it comes.
The Whiting Paper Co. has attained the highest reputation as paper manufacturers ; its name is z guaran-
tee of excellence ; it uses only the best materials in all three of its mills, and its product is the largest in
the world of high-graile papers, being thirty tons daily Whiting paper is used by the United States
Government, the leading railroads, banks, insurance companies, public schools and mercantile houses every-
where. Write Mr. A. J. Briggs, manager of the Philadelphia warehouse, i8 South Sixth Street, for a copy
of a little booklet. " Wedrtine Etiquette."
Boolfs for Pennsylvania
gcltocla
BOOK-KEEPINO
Itlank'
ELOCUTION AND READING
CHARTS
.Mills- rhy,ioloc«»t ""i Key
GEOGRAPHY
GRAMMAR
- Physical (Re.i-f
CIVIL GOVERNIMIENT
Th..rpf ;i (ic.vfnm.n1 uf ihe People ot ihc
Th„ipe\ GDvetiimcni ol Ihf U. S and Ci..l
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
Hnusioti'i Element', u new revitim almoM
PHYSIOLOGY
LITERATURE
COMPOSITION AND RHETORIC
For infonnation in regard h> ihtre books please write io
ELDREDGE & BRO.
Eduastlon
17 Mortli Seventh B(.
JOHN F, PHILLIPS JOSEPH B. llOOIi
PHILLIPS & MOON
TWerebant Tailors
1205 CHESTNUT STREET
PHILADELPHIA
SUCCESSORS TO
JOHN B. 7UIORL.EY S CO.
Formerly S. E. Csr. 8th inil Chutnut Sti.
HIGH-GRADE WORK
AT MODERAXK PRICES
The following 56 Philadelphia Public Schools u^e out apparatus, wholly ot in part, for
HEATING AND VENTIUATING
iMwBor.' High
old Boys' High
IMiiIidelphUNorirai
GIK>' High
School ofPTMlif
N. E. Manual Train
(leo, G. M«de
Jno. F. Hanr;inft
Wm.D. Kelley
XHOltfPSON BROS.
Tht T:.in.. Marlin
■ Thomai Poller
;; Bayird Taylor
■' A. D.Bachc
■;_ UmM P. B^iugh
'^ jDfteph Lridy
" belaplaine McDaoit
eNCINEeHS. 7utkisi_;f=?tctuhers KNO CONTHKCTOHE
11a ^E«b:a.I> SI'EZISB'X', f>HII^.Ar>BIl«E>HI.A.
"DO NOT STATVTTV^ER"
The l>HII.AnKI.I>HIA INSXITVTK.ctubliahcdiBgt by Edwins JohnsiDn. hu oon a woi
tcureof aPhilartclpkalad. 1. y«f« ""
EDW, 8, JOHNSTON .
Stunmcrcd 40 yn.
Pounder and Prioclpol
. cured 11 yeara, a
lUihop CfR
ihai or Wllllain »hclby, No. M5 Nonh t^Iewnih Such, Phlla-
Frof, Horaiiot;. WooJ.M. 11., LL, D.,.nd the Medical Cbi>
i Ihe CIH a very eilrao-diuary c«r* of Chorea. The boy hai
SS. M. E. Church, Philidelphia,
■^ he)i"w^M ni1li>V»ma?
in reply » ao inquirer, My.; '
DHir, and 1 have leto a itcal ma
>r Milcbell, iiKciallit on Neivnu
■ N W
r, E, 5 Johnsi
PMILADELPMIA INSTITUTE
1033 Spring Garden Streer, Philadelphia. F*a.
.Office, r^. E. Cor. 13th and LUalnub Sts.
I, 2738 M. Broad 81. Telephone 4569 Ptalladelpbla. I
E. H. PETERSON & CO.
S. W. Corner Eleventh and Sansom Streets, Philadelphi.
Mercli£.nt
T2viIor5 hud
ImporIer5
E. H. PETERSON
CARL A, PETERSON
High) -(SI ass WopI^ at F^tJasc>rKibl<> F^piefg
LIHERAL DISCOUNT TO STUDENTS AND TEACHERS
J. H- JORDAN
School Supplies
Builder and Real Estate Expert
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
2519 COLUMBIA AVE.
""■■""-""
School Sucflt ~
PHILADHLPMIA
~ PypLisniHQ Co
til III III III
No. 306 Chestnut Street
Expert testimony given in all court matters,
PHILADELPHIA
for opening of streets, change of grades and
estimates furnished for all building projects.
SEND F=OH CKTKL.OGUB
BUKK & McrCTRirXiE CO.
•"or many years the estal)lisliment of tlie
rk & McFetridge Co. has hecn known as
■ of the leading printing houses of the
ited States, and among Philadelphia firms
i recognized as being at the head in all that
■est and must praiseworthy in the mercan-
life of the city.
t is eminently litting that in snch an estab-
nient the pnblie school printing, which
St always be the neatest and best, should
:lone. This class of work requires especial
mtion, while it is very frequently necessary
lave it done with the greatest dispatch, it
St not show any traces of haste in its
ciition, and it must be characterized by
form accuracy and neatness. While mak-
no boast, the Burk & McFetridge Co.
;ht with satisfaction iM)int to this volume
an inihcation of the character of their
ool printing.
"heir large plant, the front view of which
herewith given, comprises the spacious
mises Nos. 306 and 308 Chestnut street,
^re the equipment is so complete and so
perfect in quality that they are able to turn
out the best work in every branch of their
operations, which embrace printing, litho-
graphing and publishing, as thousands of
business houses, organizations and individuals
are gla<l to testify, and of which fact their
ever-increasing business gives abundant evi-
dence.
Xor is the success of this establishment due
to its sound financial basis and complete
equipment. It did not spring nn in a night;
but is the result of long years of hard work,
honest and enterprising niethorls and untiring
energy on the part of those who huilt it up.
The history of the business dates back to
1810, although it was not until 1893 that the
IJurk & McFetridge Co. was chartered, under
the laws of the State of Pennsylvania, with
a capital of $150,000. It succeeded the firm
of Burk & McFetridge. composed of William
M. Burk and John R. McFetridge, who, on
September 15, 1877, purchased the business
from William W. Harding, the successor of
his father, Jesper Harding, the founder of
"The Philadelphia Inquirer" and the old In-
quirer Printing House.
John R. McFetridge. the President of the
Company and one of the best known master
printers in the United States, worked his own
way up in tlie business which he now controls,
starting out in the employ of William W,
Harding, and gradually rising to the head cf
an establishment which has greatly grown since
he assumed its management. The other mem-
bers of the Company are John R. McFetridge,
Jr., Vice President, Samuel Long McFetridge,
Secretary, both sons of the President; George
Cook, Treasurer; James McPherson and Enos
Y. Landis in charge of letter press and litho-
graphic departments, respectively.
Burk & McFetridge Co. are the pub-
hshers of "Traffic" and "Grocery World,"
widely and favorably known journals and val-
uable advertising mediums.
1.
I
1.
>
-^
I
Index
•'
ra
Index — Historical
Page.
Academy and Charitable School of the Province of Penn-
sylvania 7
Act of 1809 7
Act of 1818 9
Adelphi School 10, 287
Act of 1828 15
Apple Street School, Colored 16
Act to Consolidate and Amend the Several Acts Relative
to a General System of Education by Common
Schools, 1836 17
Act of 1836 17
Act of 1845 21
Act of Consolidation 22
Act of 1854 22
Act of February 17, 1865 24
Artisans' Night School Opened 28
Architect's Department 28, 125
Act Regarding Changes in Text-Books 29
Appointment of Supervising Principals Urged .... 33
Appointment of Superintendent of Schools Advocated . 33
Assembly Rooms Suggested 33
Admission to the Higher Schools 46
Attention to Industrial F^ducaiion 46
Absence of Teachers, Regulating the 47
Appropriations to Board of Public Education, City Solici-
tor's Opinion 67
Alice Lippincott School 262
A. D. Bache School 309
Alexander Adaire School 332
Adamson School 348
Andora School 373
Alex. Henry School 397
Astenville School 406
Andrew G. Curtin School 479
Asa Packer School 510
Associated Alumni of the Central High School 571
Alumnae Association of the Girls' High and Normal
Schools 579
Addenda 618
Brooks, Dr. Edward, Introduction 5
Board of Control Organized 10
Birnie, Willie, Secretary of the Board of Control «... 10
Bequest of Stephen Girard to Public Schools 16
Bache, Alexander Dallas, Superintendent of Schools . . 21
Board of Control (First) after Consolidation 22
Bumm, Henry, President Board of Controllers .... 22
Building Inspector Elected 28
Board of Controllers, Name Changed 28
Board of Public Education Removed to 713 Filbert St. . 30
Brooks, Dr. Edward, Elected Superintendent 35
Page.
Board of Public Education, a Department of the City . . 67
Terms of Service of Members 67
Qualification of Members 67
Election of Officers 67
Meetings 67
General Powers 67
President of the Board 68
Standing Committees 68
Committee on Higher Schools 68
Ctimmittee on Revision of Studies 68
Committee on Text-Books 68
Committee on Industrial Art Education 68
Committee on University 68
Committee on Central Manual Training School 68
Committee on Northeast Manual Training School 68
Committee on James Forten Elementary Manual
Training School 68
Committee on Grammar, Secondary and Primary
Schools 71
Committee on Supplies 71
Committee on Office 71
Committee on Legislation 71
Committee on Night Schools 71
Committee on Qualification of Teachers 71
Committee on Accounts 71
Committee on Estimates 71
Committee on Audits 71
Committee on By-Laws and Rules 71
Committee on Property 72
Committee on Superintendence 72
Committee on Hygiene 72
Committee on Music 72
Committee on Compulsory Education 72
Committee on Cooking Schools 72
Bache, Alexander Dallas, Assumes Control 133
Boundaries of Sections. See Schools, Boundaries and
Directors 219 to 567
Buck Lane School 221
Beck School 235
Button wood Street School 303
Bethany School 310
Bringhurst School 386
Belmont School 405
Barton School 418
Bridesburg School 418
Boons Dam School 440
Belview School 453
Benton School 466
Boudinot School 509
Bayard Taylor School 509
Benjamin Rush School 531
649
Page.
Byberry School 531
Constitutional Provision for Free Schools 7
Convention to Revise State Constitution, 1789- 1790 ... 7
Constitution of 1838 7
Character of the Early Schools 9
City Councils Empowered to Elect Directors 9
Commissioners Empowered to Elect Directors 9
Controllers of the Public Schools for the City and County
of Philadelphia 9
Contempt for Charity Schools 14
Compulsory Education Favored i5i 25, 29
Colored School Established 15
Central High School Juniper and Market Streets, Corner-
stone Laid 18
Corner-Stone of the Central High School Laid, Juniper
and Market Streets 18
Central High School, Juniper and Market Streets, Open-
ing 21
Controllers Made a Body Politic 21
Central High School Building, South-east Corner Broad
and Green Streets, Erected 22
Controllers of 1868 26
Census of Children Taken 28
Constitutional Provision for Public Education 29
Centennial Year 30
Cooking Instruction Introduced 34
Cliff, George H., Chosen Principal of New Normal
School 36
Central High School, South-west Corner Broad and
Green Streets, Corner-Stone Laid 36
Corner-Stone Central High School, South-west Comer
Broad and Green Streets, Laid . 36
Compulsory Education Act 36
Not Enforced 37
Changes in the Curriculum, Report to the Board of
Public Education 38
Courses of Instruction 41
Revised 45
Courses of Study Formulated ... 47
Cultivating a Spirit of Patriotism 47
Co-operation with Teachers' Organizations 48
City Solicitor's Opinion Regarding Appropriations to
the Board of Public Education 67
Central High School, Juniper and Market Streets ... 13X
Establishment of the School 131
Description of the Building 131
Opening of the School 132
First Corps of Teachers 132
Bache Assumes Control 133
Courses of Study 133
John S. Hart Elected President 133
Departments of 1842 133
Written Examinations Held 133
Whom the School Most Benefited 134
Authorized to Confer Degrees 134
New Studies Introduced 134
Holding of Commencements . . 134
Central High School, S. E. Cor. Broad and Green Streets,
Erected 134
Corner-Stone Laid 137
Dedication of Building 137
Changes in the Cuniculum 137, 139
Professor Nicholas Maguire Elected President . . 137
Page.
Central High School. — Continued.
During the War 137
Investigation Instituted 138
Reorganization of the School 138
New Faculty Chosen 138
Professor Hopper's Valuable Services 139
Semi-Centennial Celebrated 139
Admissions Made Annually 139
Henry Clark Johnson, President 139
School of Pedagogy Elstablished 140
Robert Ellis Thompson Elected President .... 141
School of Pedagogy Reorganized 142
Course of Study 142
Students' Interests 142
Statistics 142
Introspective 145
The Faculty 146
Former Presidents 147
Former Professors 147
Former Assistant Professors 148
Faculty of School of Pedagogy 148
Description of Building 145
Central High School, S. W. Cor. Broad and Green Streets, 140
Corner-Stone Laid 141
Adjoining Property 146
Cregar, Philip A., Elected President Girls' Normal
School 157
Central Manual Training School Established 179
Crawford, Lieut. Robert, Chosen Director .... 179
Course of Study 183
Faculty 183
Charles S. Close School 221
Charles Sumner School 310
Chandler School 331
Cohocksink School 347
Cumberland School 348
Cohocksink School 348
Chestnut Hill School 386
Central School 386
Crescent School 386
Carroll School • 418
Clearview School 440
Chester A. Arthur School 479
Camac School 497
Collegeville School 531
Cambria School 563
Difficulties of the Controllers of 1818 13
Defects in the Lancasterian System 15
Dunlap, Thomas, Elected President of Board of Control, 16
Dusenberry, Benjamin M., Elected President of Board of
Controllers 22
Dedication of Girls' Normal School, 17th and Spring
Garden Streets 30
Department of Superintendence Organized - - » > ^3* 45
Specific Duties 48
Description of the Central High School, Juniper and
Market Streets 131
Directors of Sections 219 10 567
David Foy School 221
Douglass School 332
Dickinson School 370
Decatur School 398
Davidson School 440
Delaplaine Mc Daniel School 545
650
Page.
Elstablishment of Colored Schools 15
Senior Classes 26
Erection of the Girls' High School Building, 17th and
Spring Garden Streets 29
Establishment of School of Industrial Art 33
Manual Training School 34
Examination of Supervising Principals 34
Establishment of School of Pedagogy 35
Elementary Manual Training School, James Forten, Or-
ganized 35
Establishment of Free Libraries 35
Examinations and Promotions 46
Elevation of Standards 47
Election of Officers of Board of Public Education ... 67
Establishment of Central High School, Juniper and Mar-
ket Streets 131
Establishment of the Central Manual Training School . 179
Elementary Schools 217
Edward Shippen School 282
E. M. Paxson School 293
Edward Gorgas School 335
Elwood School 386
E. Spencer Miller School 405
Elmwood School 439
Elisha Kent Kane School 465
Edward Gratz School 465
Edwin M. Stanton School 479
Enterprise School 510
Ekiucational Club 585
First School District of Pennsylvania, History of . ... 7
Friends' Public School Established 7
First School District of Pennsylvania Organized .... 9
First School-House Erected 10
First Board of Control 10
First Board of Control After Consolidation 22
Fletcher, Leonard R., President Board of Controllers. . 22
Fire-Proof Stairways Placed in New School Buildings . 33
Free Kindergartens Transferred 34
Forten, James, Elementary Manual Training School
35. 193. 194, 197
Free Libraries Established 35
Transferred 38
First Photograph in America 132
First State Normal School, Lexington, Mass 153
Fetter, Professor Geo. W., Resignation 165
Florence School 235
Fletcher School 235
Fagen School 245
First Cooking School 265
Fairmount School 17, 309
Francisville School 309
Fifteenth Section Schools 309
Finlctter School 331
Franklin Schools 348, 546
Fairview School 373
Francis D. Pastorius School 385
Feltonville School 385
Five Points School 406
Federal Hall School 430
Francis M. Drexel School 430
Forest School 453
Fairhill School 509
Franklinville School 510
Page.
Fayette School 531
Fox Chase School ... 531
Girard's, Stephen, Bequest to Public Schools 16
Girls' High School Organized 23.
Girls' High School Building, 17th and Spring Garden
Streets, Erected 29
Gratz, Simon, Elected President pro tem 36, 39
Gratz, Simon, Elected President 39
General Powers of the Board of Public Education ... 67
Girls' Normal School 153
First Faculty 154
Girls' High School 153
Again a Normal School 158
Faculty 169
Girls' High and Normal School 158
Girls' Normal School, New Building Erected 158
Rapid Development 161
Opened 161
Present Course of Study 162
Faculty t66-
Girls' High and Normal School, Former Teachers ... 170
George W. Nebinger School 227
George M. Wharton School 251
Grant, U. S., School 261
Gorgas School 332
Germantown School 386
Gilbert, Joseph C, School 386
George W. Childs School 429.
Greenway School 439
George G. Meade School 46.5
Glenwood School 453.
George H. Boker School 453
George, Jesse, School 519
Godfrey School 531
Gustavus A. Benson School 545
Girard School 545
History of the First School District of Pennsylvania . . 7
Hospitals, Schools used as 16
High Schools for Girls Contemplated 21
Hollingsworth, Thomas G., Elected President Board
of Controllers 22
Haggenbotham, May, Elected Assistant Superintendent 33
Huey, Samuel B , Elected Vice-President 3^
Higher Schools, The . 129
Hart, John S., Elected President Central High School . 135
Henderson, Dr. C. Hanford, Elected Principal North-
east Manual Training School 180
Horace Binney School 251
Hamilton School 261
Hollingsworth School 269
Hancock School 305
Harrison School 325
Harmony School 386
Henry Herbert School 398
Haverford School 405
Henry W. Halliwell School 417
Henry Armitt Brown School 491
Hart Lane School 509.
Hopkinson School 510
Heston School 519
Hestonville School 520
Haddington School 520
Henry Disston School 531
651
Page.
Holmesburg School 531
Holme School 531
Henry Disston Library 532
Introduction by Dr. Edward Brooks 5
Inception of the Lancasterian System 8
Inside View of a Lancasterian School Room 8
Incompetency of Monitors 15
Infant Schools Established 15
School Societies 15
Increase of Teachers' Salaries 25
Improvement in School Buildings ^^
Instruction in Cooking Introduced 34
Insufficient School Accommodations 37
Industrial Education, Attention to 46
Industrial Art School. See School of Industrial Art,
201 to 207
Irving School 418
Island Road School 439
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School
Organized 35
Johnson, Henry Clark, Becomes President 140
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School, Sloyd
System 194
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School, Sew-
ing, Cooking and Singing Lessons 194
James Forten Elementary Manual Training Sch«)ol, Its
Educational Value 194
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School,
Its Teachers 197
John H. Taggart School 221
John Stockdale School 227
John S. Ramsey School 261
John Agnew School 281
J. Q. Adams School 299
John M. Ogden School 303
Jefferson School 317
John Moffett School 325
J. R. Ludlow School 325
John Welsh School 347
John F. Hartranft School 348
James Lynd School 357
Joseph C. Gilbert School 385
John H. Webster School 417
James Martin School 421
Jackson School 429
Jeremiah Nichols School 429
James Miller School 439
John H- Bartram School 440
John K. Lee School 439
James Pollock School 479
John S. Hart School 491
James L. Claghorn School 497
Joseph Singerly School 497
James G. Blaine School 497
Jesse George School 519
James Rhoads School 519
Joseph Brown School 531
James Forten School 531
James Logan School 545
James Alcorn School 545
Page.
Kensington School lo
Kirby, Lydia A., Elected Assistant Superintendent . . 33
Kindergarten, Supervision of 47
System 61
Keystone School 277
Kelley, Wm. D., Building 304
Kingsessing School 440
Kenderton School 453
Legislation for Free Education 7
Lancaster, Joseph 8
Lancasterian School Room 8
Societies • 8
System Introduced 9
System Abandoned 16
Locust Street School 16
Lombard Street School (Colored) 16
Laying of the Corner-stone of Central High School ... 18
Long, James, Elected President 30
Lyons School 235
Locust Street School 269
Livingston School 309
Lincoln School 309
Logan Hall 310
Ludlow School 325
Levering School 369
Lucretia Mott School 491
Liberty School 509
Lower Dublin Academy 536
Landreth School 545
Model School .. 10, 16, 21, 153
Moyamensing School iOi i7i 246
Monitors, Incompetency of 15
Trained in Model School 15
Model Infant School Established 16
Moyamensing Infant School 17
Marlborough Street School 17
Master Street School 17, 325
Infant School 17
Method of Appointing Controllers Altered 26
Music, Theory of. Taught 29
MacAlister, Dr. James, Elected Superintendent .... 33
Morrison, Andrew J., Elected Assistant Superintendent, 33
Manual Training School Established 34
Mackenzie, Miss Constance, Elected Director of
Kindergartens 34
Meetings of the Board of Public Education 67
Maguire, Nicholas H., Elected President 137
Retired from Presidency 138
Moyer, John W., Elected Vice-Principal Northeast
Manual Training School ihio
Manual Training Schools, Objects 183
Morris School 221
Mary Street School 227, 358
Mt. Vernon School 235
Meredith School 245
Madison School 287
Mifflin School 287, 293
Monroe School 303
Megargee School 347
Manayunk School 369
Manatawna School 373
Mount Airy School 3S6
Morton School 386
652
Page.
Marshall School 397
Morton McMichael School 405
Mantua School 405, 409
Miller School 440
M, Hall Stanton School • 453
Muhlenberg School 465
Morris City School ... 466
Maltha Washington School 520
Mechanicsville School 531
Maple Grove School 531
Northwestern Infant School 16
Northern Liberties School 16
Northwestern School 16, 281, 618
Normal School Organized 21
Night Schools Opened 22
Normal School Building, Sergeant Street above Ninth,
Erected 22
Name of the Board of Controllers Changed 28
Normal School Building, Seventeenth and Spring Gar-
den Streets, Dedicated 30
New Salary System Adopted ^^
Need of New Teachers Advocated 34
New Normal School, Thirteenth and Spring Garden
Streets, Opened 35
Normal School 153, 155, 157
Normal School Changed to High School 157
New Girls' High School 165
New Girls' High School Annex 165
Northeast Manual Training School Opened 180
Northeast Manual Training School Faculty 1S4
New Street School 257
Nineteenth and Addison Streets School 261
Northern Liberties School 287
Newton (Boys) School 439
Newton (Girls) School 439
Newton (Primary) School 439
NorrisJ. Hofl'niaii School 519
Night Schools 605
Organization of the Model School 10
Board of Control 10
Opening of the Central High School 21
Girls' High School 23
Organization of the Teachers' Institute 26
Openingof the Artisans' Night School 28
Organization of the vSuperintendence Department ... ^^^
Opening of the New Normal School, 13th and Spring
Garden Streets 35
Opening of Summer Play Grounds 36
Office Department, Board of Public Education 121
Objects of the Manual Training Schools 183
Old (The) Coach Factory School 227
Octavius V. Catto School 265
Olney School 385
Octagon School 536
Oakdale School 563
Preface
Power of Controllers and Directors
Progress of 1819
Penn Township School
Parsons, A. \^, State Superintendent of Common
Schools
Parsons' Encomiums
3
9
14
17
21
21
Page.
Poor Condition of School Houses 22
Progress made in 1868 28
Public Libraries .35. 38, 609
Prosperous Condition of the Schools 39
Plan of the School of Pedagogy 47
Pedagogical School, Plan of 47
Pedagogical Library 48
Post-Graduate Course of Teachers 48
Pine and Quince Streets School 261
Price School 348
Park Avenue School 357
Penn School 358
Pittville School 386
Paschalville School 439
Patrick Henry School 531
Public Education Association 597
Public Night Schools 605
Presidents, 1818 to 1897 618
Qualification of Members Board of Public Education
67
Reed, \Vm. J., President of Board of Controllers .... 22
Relative Duties and Rights of Controllers and Councils, 26
Removal of Office of Board of Public Education from
the Athenaeum Building to 713 Filbert Street .... 30
Revision of Studies 30
Regulating the Absence of Teachers 47
Robert Raikes School 228
Robinson School 228
Ringgold School 245
Rovoudt School 293
Roberts Vaux School 303, 304
Robert T. Conrad School 303
Rutledge School 357
Roxborough Lyceum 370
Roxborough School 370
Rowland School 386
Robert Morris School 465, 466, 599
Reynolds School 465, 466
Randolph School 510
Sunday-Schools 8
Society for the Promotion of Public Economy 9
Spring Garden School 10
Southwark School 10, 16
School Directors of 1S18 13
Schools Used as Hospitals 16
Schools of 1836 16
Southeastern School 16
Southeastern Infant School 16
Schuylkill School 16
Second Street School 16
School Law of 1836 17
School of Observation and Practice Established .... 21
Statistics of 1850 22
Shippen, Edward, Elected President 22, 24
On the Qualification of Teachers 24
On Teachers' Salaries 25
Senior Classes Established 26
Superintendent of Public School Buildings and Repairs. 28
Study of Music Introduced 28
Stanton, M. Hall, Elected President 28
Steel, Edward T., Elected President 30
Supervising Principals, Appointments Urged 33
Superintendent of Schools, Appointment Advocated . . 33
653
Page.
School of Industrial Art Established 33
Superintendent's Department Organized 33
Sickel, James F. C, Elected Assistant Superintendeni, 33
Sewing, Teaching of, Introduced 33
Supervising Principals' Examination 34
Sub-Primary School Society .H
Sheppard, Isaac A., Elected President 34
Summer Playgrounds Opened 36
School Accommodations Insufficient 37
Study of Music Restored ^S
School of Pedagogy Established 35, 140
Reorganized 38
System of Supervising Principals Introduced 45
Supervising Principals, System of 45
Supervision of Kindergartens 47
School of Pedagogy, Plan of 47
Specific Duties, Department of Superintendence .... 48
State Department of Superintendence 63
Schaeffer, Dr. Nathan C, State Superintendent of Pub-
lic Instruction 63
Semicentennial Central High School, Broad and Green
Streets, S. E. corner 139
Sayre, William L., Chosen Principal Central Manual
Training School 179
Special Schools 189
School of Industrial Art 201
First Year's Success 201
Steady Progress 201
System of Instruction 201
Aim of the School 202
The Pupils 202
A Splendid Tribute 205
Faculty of the School 206
School Directors 219 lu 567
Schools Boundaries and Directors of the : —
First Section 219, 225*
Second Section 227, 233
Third Section 235, 243
Fourth Section 245, 249
Fifth Section 251, 255
Sixth Section 257, 259
Seventh Section 261, 267
Eighth Section 269, 275
Ninth Section 277, 279
Tenth Section 281, 285
Eleventh Section 287, 291
Twelfth Section 293, 297
Thirteenth Section 299, 301
Fourteenth Section .^03, 30-
Fifteenth Section 309, 315
Sixteenth Section 317, 323
Seventeenth Section 325, 329
Eighteenth Section 331, 345
Nineteenth Section 347, 355
Twentieth Section 357, 367
Twenty -first Section 369. 383
Twenty-second Section 385, 395
Twenty-third Section 397, 403
Twenty-fourth Section 405, 415
Twenty-fifih Section 417, 427
Twenty-sixth Section 429, 437
Twenty seventh Section 439, 451
Twenty-eighth Section 453, 463
Twenty-ninth Section 465, 477
Thirtieth Section 479, 489
Page.
School Boundaries and Directors. — Continued.
Thirty-first Section 491, 495
Thirty-second Section 497, 507
Thirty-third Section 509, 517
Thirty-fourth Section 519, 529
Thirty-fifth Section 531, 543
Thirty-sixth Section 545, 561
Thirty-seventh Section 563, 567
Southwestern School 261
Saunders School 293
Shur's Lane School 373
Spencer Roberts School 386
Sherman School 421
School, McClellan, No. 2 421
Snyder School 4^
Sorosis Women's Club 532
School Organizations 569
Statistics 613. 615, 616, 617
Secretaries 1818 to 1897 618
School Directors (new), Elected February i6, 1897 . . 620
Special Mention 621
Teachers' Salaries Increased 26
Teachers' Institute Organized 26
Text-Books, Act Regarding Changes 29
Twenty-ninth Section Formed 29
Theory of Music Taught 29
Thirtieth Section Formed 29
Thirty-first Section Formed 29
Teaching of Sewing Introduced ^3
Transfer of Free Kindergartens 34
Thirty-second Section Foimed 34
Thirty-third Section Formed 34
Thirty-fourth Section Formed 34
Thirty- fifth Section Formed 34
Thirty-sixth Section Formed 35
Thirty-seventh Section Formed 35
Testimony of Builders as to Construction and Ciiaractcr
of School Buildings 38
Teachers' Post-Graduate Course 48
Terms of Service of Members of the Board of Public
Education 67
Tasker School 221
Temple Street School 228
Thaddeus Stevens School 309
Tyndale Mansion 421
Tioga School 421
T. C. Price School 439
Thomas H. Powers School 497
Thomas Potter School 509
Tillyer School 531
Teachers' Annuity and Aid Aahuciation 581, 593
The Educational Club 585
The Teachers' Institute 589
The Public Education Associaiion 597
Teachers' Photograph Association 599
Teachers' Beneficial Association 601
University Scholarships Established 29
U. S. Grant School 261
Union Colored School 523
Vaux, Roberts, Chairman of Committee on Public
Schools 9
654
Page.
Vaux, Roberts, Elected President Board of Control . . lo
Extracts from Annual Reports 14, 15
Resignation from Board of Control 16
Vaughan School 331
William Penn Charter School 7
World's Fair Exhibition 36
Well Constructed Buildings 38
Wight, Dr. Joim G., Elected Principal 165
Wight, Dr. John G., Administration 165
Willard, James Monroe, Elected Principal Northeast
Manual Training School 183, 186
Weccacoe School 221
White Hall School 221
Wharton School 227
Washington Schools 227, 277, 369, ^73, 53 'i 53^
Western School, Second Section 228
Wood's School 261
Wyoming School 299
Warner School 299
'William D. Kelley Schools 304, 465
Page.
West Kensington School 325
Webster Schools 326, 358
Wood and West School 332
William H. Hunter School 347
William F. Miller School 347
Wissahickon School 373
West School 386
Warren School 406
Woodland Avenue School 439
West End School 439
William S. Pierce School 479
Western School, Thirtieth Section 479
William Cramp vSchool 509
Wissinoming School 531
Watson Comly School 531
Wheat Sheaf School 531
Yellow School 331
Zane Street School 277
^^
>3
Index — Individuals
Page.
Allison, Eliza lo
Ashmead, Samuel 23
Abbot, Charles F 26, 30, 454
Adaire, Alexander 3". 9^, 33', 335. 605
Austin, Joseph D 125
Anshutz, Joseph W 125
Angele, Lewis 138
Allen. John 222
Alexander, Cornelius .... .... 222
Angney, Dr. John R 252
Abbett, Leon 257
Addis, John A 258
Amos, MelindaJ 261
Atwell, Mrs. C. A. 265
Atherton, Charles 270
Agnew, William G. E 277
Ayres, Hiram 281
Austin, Charles S 288
Abel, Charles 288
Atwood, Minnie C 299
Apple, George W 288
Allen, Samuel 300
Abrahams, Alexander 304
Adams, Charles 310
Allen, Miss Selena 347, 351
Allen, Miss Amelia J 357
Adams, Joseph M 373
Arnhold, William H 386
Axe, William Wells 398
Abernethy, Miss Ellen G 406
Allen, Thomas R 430
Anderson, Dr. Frank T 443
Anstice, Helen W 4^5
Ashmead, Benjamin P 483
Allen, Abraham L 498
Ashby, Joseph 536
Arnold, Michael 572
Ashman, William N 572
Allen, Dr. Harrison 585
Anthony, Anna 590
Agnew, Henry 620
Aucott, William 620
Anderson, Richard R 620
Anderson, George L 620
Auge, Truman 620
American Book Co 625
Artman Treichler Co., E. R 632
Brooks, Dr. Edward 3. 5. 35i 50. 14'. 5*^5. 599
Birnie, Willie 10
Boyd, George 10
Page.
Bockius, Joseph 16
Bache, Alexander Dallas 21, 132
Beideman, Daniel S 21, 137
Booth, Edwin 22
Burr, George W 22
Bumm, Henry 22
Blow, Susan E 62
Beale, Albert B 121
Booth, Professor .... 133
Becker, Professor 133
Bridges, Robert 133
Boye, ProfesFor 134
Breckinridge, Dr. R. J 137
Boardman, Rev. Dr. Henry A 137
Baker, Benjamin 137
Br^gy» Francis A 138
Bartine, Dr. David Wesley 140, 601
Brandt, Dr. Francis Burke 142, 587
Bihn, Arthur Otto 222
Blizzard, George B 231
Begley, Mrs. Helen B 235
Bunting, Kate H 235
Buckwalter, Geoffrey 236
Borthwick, John 239
Barlow, Thomas W . . 239
Belcher, Mary F 245
Buggy, C. Jessie 245
Byrne, Mary A 245
Barnes, William H. P 246
Brown. Thomas B 246
Bunting, Henry K. . . 246
Binney, Horace 251
Bird, James M 251
Boyd, Joseph George 252
Balbirnie, Cadwallader D. B 252
Brodwater, George J 252
Bird, John D *, . 261
Barton, William J 266
Burk, Rev. Jesse Y 270
Bowman, Col. Wendell Phillips 270
Burns, James, Jr 270
Breen,JamesJ 270
Biddle, Louis Alexander 270
Beitler, Abraham M 277
Blackburn, Francis 278
Bond, Miss E. B 282
Biles, Miss Helen L 282
Bricker, Dr. William H 282
Brown, Barbara 2S7
Bitner, Mary E 2i<7
Brown, James D 288
6^7
Page.
Bier, Christian 288
Belsterling, John F 293
Berlin, Kate M 293
Bauer, Dr. Lewis Demme 294
Bavington, Martha F 299
Burmeister, Sophia 299
Barnwell, Jas. G 299
Brodie, Martha R 299
Byrnes, Mary 300
Brueckmann, Max 300
Buckman, James 300
Brodie, Rachel 303
Barnwell, James G 309
Bradford, George R 309
Belden, Francis S. . . • 309
Bradbury, Miss 309
Briggs, Rachel 317
Blank, Phillip 318
Bohn, Carl H 318
Barrett, Thomas G 318, 618
Baer, David R 325
Brown, W. W 325, 497, 587
Beatty, Dr. Thomas J 326
Bedford, Miss Louise 326
Beechy, Miss 331
Boswell, William R 332
Baker, William H 335
Buckley, Miss Georgianna 347
Buchner, Charles J 351
Bechtold, Albert 351
BigJey, James C 351
Buck, William H. 358
Boutcher, Frank 370
Bickley, George H 389
Brown, Franklin D 398
Brenner, John G 398
Brooks, Rev. John 409
Brodie, Edward J 418
.Byram,J. Emory 418
Brady, Sarah J 418
Brady, R. R. A 418
Brady, Kate 418
Brady, EllieJ 418
Boggs, David 421
Boyer, Dr. A. H 422
Berger, Thomas Elliott 430
Bell, Walter W 43©
Bradshaw, Sarah E 439
Barker, George F 443
Bland, George P 443
Bonsai). Amos 443
Beaumont, Edward A 443
Beckhaus, Joseph E 457
Boyer, C. S 465
Brown, Miss Barbara 480
Bird, William C 492
Brower, Francis M *. 492
Buckley, Franklin P 492
Brelsford, Charles H 497, 549, 587
Bailey, John Minor 49^
Bliss, Albert A 49®
Butler, Joseph 498
Buggy, Mary E 509
Boudinot, Elias 509
Buzby, Miss 509
Page.
Byler, J. Frank 5^9
Briggs, Joseph S 53'
Baillie, Elizabeth 531
Bartine, Stephen W 53'
Bunting, James W 535
Balentine, William L 535. 545
Brous, T. Miles 539
Barton, H. H 539
Braden, Ella S 545
Balderston, John E 564
Br6gy, F. Amadee 57'
Becker, George J 57*
Banes, Charles H 573
Bullock, George A 576
Brennan, George J 577
Bates, Stockton 577
Biddle, Charles 578
Boughton, Mrs. Caroline G 579
Butler, Dr. Nicholas Murray 585
Brumbaugh, Martin G 5S5
Baird, Mrs. Matthew 598
Berry, Miss M. S 599
Bailey, Henrietta 620
Beatty, William J 620
Butland, Winfield S 620
Berkenstock, William F 620
Browne, Richard T 620
Britton, Louis 620
Busch, Morris 620
Baker, A. George 6ao
Benner, Thomas C 620
Brous, Henry 620
Bums, David R 627, 632
Boswell, William R 62S
Butler, E. H. & Co 650
Barnes, A. S. & Co 630
Borsch, J. L. & Co 639
Benar, S. B 639
Briggs, A. J 642
Burk & McFetridge Co 645
Curran, William, M. D 22
Cline, Charles 22
Cox, George W $0
Campbell, John Marie 30, 80, 252
Crouch, George W 34» 5^'
Cliff, George H 36, 140, 174, 303, 574, 585, 599
Christine, Frederick Foster 41, 140
Christian, Frank S no
Cook, J. H 125
Cassell, John D 125
Chandler, Joseph R. 133
Cowperthwaite, Joseph 157
Collins, T. K 137
Campbell, James 153
Cregar, Philip A 157, 281, 303
Crawford, Lieut. Robert 179
Cree, Joseph C 239
CuUen, Thomas A 239
Cuneo, Frederick J 239
Creth, Caroline 245
Campbell, Alice D 251
Cassidy, Lewis C 252. 574
Cottinghani, Robert 252
Caldwell, Kate L 261
658
Page.
Crosby, Annie J 261
Cleavenger, William S 269
Cox, Elizabeth H 269
Clay, Col. Cecil 270
Clay, Alfred L 270
Connell. Horatio P 270
Cahill, Thomas 270
Conway, Mary M 277
Cooper, Dr. C. Campbell 278
Conrad, J. Fletcher 278
Chapman, Ursula • . . . 281
Cornman, Oliver P 281, 587
Child, Samuel T 288
Cunnie, Edward 288
Custis, Emerson VV 288
Clayton. Miss A. M 309
Crease, Emilie M 309
Clark, John W 310
Caven, Joseph 1 313
Crow, Alexander, Jr 313
Cozens, Smith D 313
Carson, William H 1^13
Crombargar, James 313
Cressman, Philip 325
Carson, John M 326
Campbell, John J 326
Chadwick, Master 331
Clunn, David S 335
Cramp, Jacob S 335
Caskey, Miss Isabella R 347
Cox, George 351
Culbert, Robert 351
Cordery, Miss Deborah L 357, 594
Colladay, William Y 358
Culp, Tilman 370
Crease, Alfred 37$
Cooke, James 1 37;^
Caroland, Miss May R 385, 599
Carroll, William G 389
Crans, William C 398
Coats, Mathias 398
Creighton, Thomas 398
Clark, Charles H 409
Campbell, Lewis S 422
Carr, Theodore M 430
Cornell, Watson 430, 545. 601
Campbell, Martha G 439
Clark, Elizabeth W^ 440
Cooper, William F 443
Comegys, Benjamin B 443
Callaghan, John S 443
Collins, J. Penrose 443
Caskey, William J 453, 594
Copeland, Theodore H 457
Cain, Harry 457
Cropper, Lucille 465
Christopher, Miss Emma 479
Campbell, Emily F 479
Chapin, Miss Phillipa V 4H0
Carre, Miss 483
Catharine, Joseph W 4S3
Caskey, Elizabeth 497, 590
Cotton, George A 498
Colladay, Charles M 509
Collamer, Daniel 511
Page.
Creely, Henry F 511
Culin, Miss Annie 520
Cartledge, Franklin F 531, 535, 590
Comly, John 532
Currier, John H 532
Crispen, Mr 535
Crawford, Joseph U 536
Crossan, Kennedy 536
Clay, Richard W^ 536
Comly, Watson 539
Castor, Barton 539
Crouse, Robert P 549
Cushman, William 549
Conner, John W 549
Coates, Charles 564
Curtin, Andrew G 572
Cook, Joel 572
Cramp, Charles H 572
Cookman, D. D., Rev. John E 572
Cohen, Dr. S. S^^lis 572
Carr, Wm. Wilkins 575
Colesberry, Alexander P 575
Crowell, Charles 578
Cheney, Hannah M 579
Campbell, Miss M. A 581, 594
Campbell, ?*Iiss Jane 581, 595
Craven. Miss Elizabeth B 582
Chew, Samuel L 586
Callan, Martha 590
Clark, Alice 590
Collins, Cora H 594
Clothier, Isaac H 598
Crosby, Anna J 601
Cavagnaro, Alfred 620
Crookshank, James 620
Crosson, Wm. J 620
Cross, John W 620
Christy & Son, William 626
Castle & Heilman 637
Dunlap, Thomas 16, 18, 153
Dusenberry, Benjamin M 22
Davis, Thomas R 30
Dick, William 121
Drake, L. E 121
Deloulte, Prof 133
Dallas, George M .... 133
Dunglison, Dr. Richard 133
Dolley, Charles Sumner 140
Dana, Rev. Dr. Stephen W 141
Davis, Charles E 222
Duhling, Thomas F 222
Duval, Dr. A. W 228
Dillon, John Irving 231
Desmond, Mary G 235
Duncan, Anna M 235
Dolby, Miss Ann 246
Dunton, Miss Rosalie J 251
Doyle, John F 252
Deputy, Dr. H. S 257
Durham, Thomas 265
Dillingham, Dr. Simeon 278
Drummond, Charles J 278
Davis, Emma M 281
Davis, Robert Coulton 282
659
Davis, Samuel B. . .
Dever, James R. . .
Davis, Josephine H.
■. Klla V
<. Rfgm
Done
Dulton 1
Durham, Miss Mary F. .
DitteM, Charles J. .
Dornan, Robert . . , .
Devlin, Edward J. . , .
Dwyer, Charles H., M.
Ealer, Miss MaryJ. D.
Evans, Dr. J. Howard.
Evans, Abel J
Rrvm William E. . . .
Everly Adam . . . .
Eise liower AlfrTfdS. .
Doher
Isii
Daw^t,
, Will
, Willia
Dodgson, John W. . .
Duffield, Thomas W.
Deal, Joseph P. . . .
Daly, John J
Daly,JohnT
Dost, Theodore O, . .
Dunn. Miss Martha . .
Daltry, Miss Viola .
Dougherty, Edwin W.
Drake, Henry ....
DePrefonlainc, Albert .
l)o
i,Slepl.e.iJ.
Dungan, Sarah V
Disslon, Thomas .
Duffield, Edward .
Drrt, P. Oliver . .
Dechert, Robt-rt P.
Dechert, Henry M.
, Thor
Dickson, David \V. . .
Dornan, Miss Elizabeth .
DeC.armo, Charles . . .
Dunn, Margarets. .
Dlsston, Samuel ....
Dungan, Franklin P. . .
D-ivis George \V. . . .
Dobson. Saltie
D'Olier Electric Co. . .
Ely, John
Esler, Lewis H. . . .
Edmunds. Henry Ree\
Eberl, Charles . . .
Elkin. Lewis
Eiray, Louis K., M. D.
Eastburn. Eliza R. . .
Evans Mordecai Dawsi
EhTBtein Arthu . . .
Emenecker H«nry ]. .
Eldridge, James H, . .
Engard, L. A
Evans, Mrs. K.C . .
Engell. Miss Annie
Elmes, Miss Corneli
FJmes, Miss L. D.
Ely, Oliver P. . . .
EKolf. A. I,
Erskiuc, Miss E. L.
94. 139. 310, 595. ^
\V,
Epley Mis. Emma . .
Elbe, Thomas J . ,
Eisenbrey, Horatio N.
Eberhardt, J(*n J. , .
Eggleston, Rufus E .
Eldredge & Bra. . . .
Fry. William . .
Ferguson, Ebenezer .
Fisher, William W. .
Fletcher, I.eonard R. .
Freeborn, James . . .
Frosl.JoHn, Professor
Fraier Professor . .
Florence Thos. B. . .
Fanahawe.John R. . .
eW
Fori, John Neill
Fenimore, Miss Beulah H.
Flelcher. James W
Flood Samuel F
Forsylh ames McQ. . . .
Fermani Victor ....
Ferry Susan A
Fiugerald, Thomas ....
Findley Casper W . . . .
Freeman. Theodore A. . .
Fitipatrick. Elizabelh A. .
Fagen. William H
Fahy. Thomas J. . . . . .
Farran, Stephen
Fareira, John
Freestoii, Harry F. . .
Fahy, Thomas A
Frank, John
Farrand, H.irriet E. . . .
Fox. Alice G.
Fry, John . .
Fleming. Dr. D. W. . .
Farrand, Miss Margaret . .
Farrand, Emma R. . . .
Finletter, Thomas K. . .
Ferguson, Joseph C. . . .
Fiet, Dr. Harvey
Foran, John J
Frame. Dr, C. A
Flanagan, Andrew ....
Foulkrod, John J
Flnley Howard E. , .
Foulkrod. John
Plitcrad, William H. .
Fitz- Patrick, John ...
Fa unce, Taylor
Freed, Miss Caroline . . .
Flounders, George V\'. .
Fellon, George W. B, . . .
Fite, Miss Mary ... .
Ferry, Thomas A. .
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File, Joseph 483
Fisher, Dr. Henry 49^
Freed, Charles G S*>9
Furey, Miss Margaret 5^
Filbert, Dr. Ludwig S S36
Foster, Sirickland 536
Furey, John S 546
Fell, D. Nemiin 5?S
Forsythe, James U 57^
Fetterolf, George D 57*
Fetter Mrs George W 581
Falana, Emanuel 6»0
Pernberger Henry 620
Friends' Book i
Gowen, James
Greaves. Alexander la,
Gorgas, Edward W
Grata;, Simon 30, 36,39, S5, 595,
Gill, William B
Gideon, Edward 4 r , 26a, 465. 466, 586,
Gionirger Jolin Philip 81,
Grace, Thomas A 91,
Gaw, James
Green, John B 138.
Greene, William Houston
Graham, Eraily L
Gleeson, John M
Gregg, Julia M.
George, Henry
Gore, Joseph M,
Gaw, James H
Geliinger, Charles A
Gieser [ir William R
Guy Eliiabelh W.
Gentry, Thomas G., Sc. D
Gillingham, Catharine
Griscom, JohnS
Gilpin, Hood
Good, J. Lewis
Gaston, Liilie
Gillespie, Thomas W
Geary, Edward
Geissel, C, William .
Giles, A. S
Glassen, Richard
Goriion, James Gay . 3'>Jp
Gillingham Miss,
Godshalk, H. S
Gaskill, Thomas Elwood
Graham, Robert
Gilbert, Robert B
Gramlich, Christian F
Gilbert, Miss Sarah A .
Gilbert, Daniel K
Grant. Thomas
Gilbert, Curtis
Garner, Mary F
Gill, Harry
Greenwood, Daniel R ,
Garner, Miss Mary F
Uaskill, Miss Sue A
Graves, Charles E.
Gundaker, Guy
Ghriskey, Dr. Albert A
Garber. John P 453, ;
Gordon, D. H
Graham, Walter
Graham. Richard H
Gabrylewitz, Mary N
Gray, William H
George, Jesse ;
Gerson, Oscar
Gilbert, Charles
Glenn, John F
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Green, John P
Grafly, Daniel W. . .
Geisler, Mrs., M. D. .
Gales, Dr. Elmer , . .
Gillingham, Mrs. . . .
Garrett, Philip C, . . .
Gallen.John P
Goldsmith, Charles . .
Gillingham, Charles A.
Ginn&Co
Gilbert & Bacon . . .
Gourley, Samuel, Jr.
Halliwell, Henry W, .
Hollingsworth, T. G
Hensiey, George P.
Herbert, Henry ....
Huichiiwon, Dr. M. P.
jolhani. May .
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HovKr MissAddieS. . .
Hallowell, Miss Anna . . .
Horlz. Philip S
Harrington Avery D - . . 7S, '
Hughes, James 95. ;
Hirel, WiiiJa.n I.
Hubbert, Harvey H ill, I
Hughes, Thomas A
Hardin, John D
Hammond Andre* F
Hoopes, Lewis P I
Ha", Johns 133. '34. 1
Hemphill, RobertJ 1
Haines, William C 138, ;
Hilles, Nathan 138. :
Hopper Zephaniah 138, 139, 269, 317, 578, (
Harlshorne, Henry i
Howard, Daniel W 13&, 57ii ;
Houston, Edwin James i4o> 141. J03. ;
Houpt, WaryE :
Henderson, Dr C. Hanford 180, ;
Hailman Will
Hunterson, A
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I, Rev. Ignatius F. .
Harris. C. A
Helmbold, Mary E. ...
Hasson, Ella F. . , . ■ "
Hazard, Richard
Harris, Madison R
Hanman, Charles L
Holzw^nh, George W. . . .
Harper, Julia B
Pa.e.
Howard, Dr. Edwin Clarence 266
Hastings, Robert 266
Hall, Miss Anna H 269
Hancock, George 270
Hunt, Thomas J 270
Henry, Dr. J. M 270
Hutchinson, Clementia F 277
Hertz, Emil J 278
Hallowell, Martha C 281
Harper, Robert 282
Hart, Charles 282
Higgins, Maria L 287
Hutchin, Daniel W 287, 587, 601
Hinkle, James S 288
Hanse, Reuben 288
Horn, George H 293
Halterman, Frederick 295, 620
Hay, Peter 293
Hogan, Elizabeth 293
Haussman, Fred. W 294
Henzey, Mrs. Sarah A 299
Henzey, Mrs. Sarah A 299
Hicks, Albert M 300
Huhz, Ellsworth H 300
Henzey, George 300
Hanna, William B 303, 572
Hart, Charles P 304
Huttenlock, Washington 304
Hancock, Joseph M 310
Hoffman, Mr 310
Harkman, J. J 310
Hayes, Charles G 318
Hoffman, Henry 318
Hutchinson, Mrs 326
Hookey, Joseph C 326
Harper, John 351
Hickok, Henry C 358
Holgate,John 370
Hoffman, Joseph H 370, 373
Hunter, William H 370, 398
Hill, William H 373
Hart, Levi C 373
Hughes, Johnson 373
Henry, Alexander 397, 398
Hubbs, Paul K 398
Hammersley, William 409
Horter, Lafayette 409
Hamill, Miss Josephine 421
Horn, George L 422
Hampton, Clarence 429
Halpin, P. J 430
Haviland, Edward W 453, 601
Hall, Miss Annie Bartram 469, 579, 620
Hirst, Margaret 480
Hinds, Miss 1 480
Hellyer, Dr. Edwin 492
Hirsch, Abraham 1 498
Hearder, Emma J 509
Hall, Elizabeth L 509
Heft, Miss Sarah 510
Heft, Miss Kittie 510
Husband, John J 511
Heston, Matilda 519
Hoffman, NorrisJ 520
Hausman, George 523
Heilman, E. A
Harrison, Katharine R. . .
Hibbs, Walter
Hoag, Charles
Hollis, William H
Handy, Edward S., Jr. . .
Hutton, John C
Hewlett, Robert J
Hartshorn, Dr. Henry . .
Harding, George
Helmbold, Alfred, Jr. . . .
Henszey, William P. . . .
Harris, Joseph S
Hartman, Wencel
Hawkes, George Barclay .
Hopper, Harry Shelmire .
Halliwell, Mrs. Henry W.
Hunt, Mis. David W. . . .
Hutchin, Mrs. D. W. . . .
Hassenplug, Miss C. . . .
Holt, Dr.J. F
Hall, Annie H
Hall, George W
Hall, G. Stanley
Harley, Lewis R
Hand, Miss Matilda . . . .
Hoffman, Kate W
Humphrey, Lou
Hallowell, James S
Harper, John F
Howell, L. O., Jr
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rcland, William F 154
vins, Aaron B 2S1
rwin, Henry 2S2
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rvine, William B
rwin, Sara M
nman, William H
ustice, George M
ones, Nathan L
ohnson, Henry Clark
enks, A. S
ohnson, Mary
acobs, Virginia B
ackson, Washington J
ohnston, Susan D
ennings, Miss C. A. See Mrs. C. A. Atwetl
ames, Thomas
ungmann, Emil
oerger, George W
acobs. Miss Ella
effries, Mary A. . .
ackson, Julia B
ohnson, Edwin M
oyce, Charles Henry
ackson, Dr. John
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ones, Charles Thomson
ones, A. Elwood
ones, Leander M
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Jackson, Edward S 457
Jones, Annie S 465, 469
Jack, John J 483
Jones, Helen 491
Jacobs, William C 519, 535, 586, 599
Johnson, John G 576
Jenkins, Theodore F 576
James, Dr. Bushrod W 577
Jenks, John Story 578
Johnson, Mrs. B. Frank 582
James, Dr. Edmund J 585, 597
Janney, Miss S. W. 598
Jagode, Paul 620
Jones, William S 620
Jarvis, Thomas 620
Jordan, J. H 644
Keyscr, Peter 10
Ketler, Joseph 10
Kirby, Lydia A 33. 55» 309. 579. 595
Kavanafrh, Paul 36, 105, 140, 269, 594
Kain, Charles Henry 57, 281, 599
Kendall, E. Otis 132
Knox, John C 137
Kelley, William D 137
Kirkpatrick, James A 138, 269
Kern, John 138
Kern, Robert 231
Kennelly, John S., Jr 239
Kingston, Harry T 239
Kessler, John D 246
Kimmell, Louise 251
Kennedy, Thomas 258
Krause, Aaron G 258
Kellar, Dr. A. P 258
Kellogg, F. M 269
Kneass, Horn R 270
Kirkpatrick, Isabella 277
Kern, Benjamin F 278
Kline, Nicholas F. . . . 278
Krouse, William, Jr 288
Kuhn, Carrie 293
Kelley, John C 300
Kinsey, John L 3C0
Kersey, John J 310
Knox, Ellen 317
Kinsloe, S. E. B 34^5, 535
Kinsler, William D 386
Keeler, Miss Maria P 417
Kater, James 483
Kerper, Josiah 509
Keer, Miss Mary L 510
Kaufmann, Charles 511
Kunkle, William D . 523
Kirk, Z. T 539
Kirkpatrick, George E 576
King, James W 577
Kendrick, Mrs. George W., Jr 580, 595
Kereven, Miss 589
Knorr, Ellen S 601
Keating, Thomas 618
Keen, Miss Dora 620
King, William R 620
Kumpf, William, Jr 620
Keystone Plaster Co 633
Page.
Knickerbocker Lime Co 640
Lancaster, Joseph 8, 153
Leech, Henry 21, 154
Long, James 29, 30
Lukens, William H. R 90, 288
Lewis, Edward 103, 179
Loomis, Elias 137
Lujeane, Romain 137
Levick, William M 138
Lacy, Benjamin Franklin 140
Leland, Charles G 201
Lindsay, Louisa J 227
Lowery, George Nebinger 231
Lauderbach, H. Y 236, 281
Lipman, Joseph E 252
LeFevre, Charles H 257
LeCount, Miss Caroline R 261
Lippincott, Mrs. J. Dundas 262
Leiper, Charles L 266
Long, Sallie A 269
Ludlow, Richard 278
Lynch, Alban B 278
Lewis, Joseph W 278
Longstreth, William W 278
Lacy, Katharine A 281
Leeds, William R 282
Lare, George S 288
Lukens, Rinaldo Abram 288
Lenahan, Michael J 288
Ladner, Albert H 293
Littleton, William E 293
Locke, Thomas M 293
Lit, Samuel D 300
Laidlaw, Alexander H 303
Love, Alfred H 303
Longstreth, Anna 313
Lyle, Miss Annie 351
Lodor, Miss Elizabeth 358
Lehman, Robert J 358
Levering, William 369
Levering, Hannah 369
Levering, Anthony D 373
Lewis, William H 373
Linton, Josiah 373
Levering, Howard M 373
Lee, Edward G 398
Leaman, Dr. William G 409
Lever, Miss 418
Lower, Frank 422
Lamberton, Miss Mary J 430, 590
Leech, Isaac 443
Lawrence, John S 453, 480, 590, 594
Lukens, Ella M 453, 590, 594
Lane, Dr. Dudley W 457
Leonard, James 466
Linton, Robert M 498
Linton, Robert A 511
Laurence, Benedict T 523
Lister, Alfred T 523
Longaker, Henry S 531
Lowery, Miss S. A 546
Latta, James W 572
Lambert, William H 572
Lewis, John F 574, 577
6^3
Page.
Laird, D. D., Rev. Samuel 574
Lincoln, Charles S 575
Lane, David H 576
Long, William John 577
Lautenbach, Louis J 578
Lukens, Mrs. Chas. M 579
Long, George V. Z 587
Logan, William J 620
Looncy, Wesley A 620
Murphy, Joseph D 3, 77, 236, 239
Millard, Elizabeth 10
Miller, John 21
Mercer, George P 22
Manderson, Andrew H 22, 310
Milligan, Jas., Jr 29
MacBride, James H 30, 325, 422
MacAlister, Dr. James 33, 572, 597
Morrison, Andrew J 33. 52i 370, 418, 576, 587
Mackenzie, Miss Constance 34, 61
Mattern, Dr. Wm. K 35» 118, 563
Mason, William Albert 60, 140
Mackenzie, Miss Adele 61
Mackenzie, Dr. Shelton R 62
Manning, William J 78, 246
Morton, Dr. Thomas G 87
Merchant, Thomas E 98, 358, 610
Morgan, Chas. E., Jr 100
Marchment, Thomas W 104, 288, 423
Mumford, Mrs. Mary E 108
Moore, Henry 121
Merchant, Edward 121
Mecutchen, Samuel 132, 228, 572, 576
Merrick, S. V 134
Meyer, Rev. Philip F 137
Maguire, Nicholas H 137, 251, 303
Miles, James L 141, 576
Moyer, John W 180
Molineaux, William S 222
Muhly, Conrad 222
Minton, Lidie 227
Mann, Dr. Joseph L 231
Mullin, Mary T 245
Maxwell, Miss Mary 245, 582, 593
Mealey, James 246
Montgomery, Richard 252
Meany, Edward F 252
Martin, Henry S 252
Mongiven, Thomas 252
Mead, Margaret C 257
Macfarlane, Dr. Andrew 257, 303
Martin, Agnes 261
Mackenzie, Adele W 269
Marshall, Dr. Clara 270
Mitchell, Dr, S. B. Wylie 278
Mitchell, Miss Jane 282
Milligan, Anna Ashton 287
Miller, J. Christian 288
Muller, Bernhard G 288
Marlin, John R 288
Milligan, Decatur 288
Michaelsen, Louis C 288
Maxwell, John 294
Moore, Dr. T. Hampton 294
Miller, James H 304
Page.
Matthews, William 310
Morris, Thomas S 318
Mills, Miss Sarah 325
MacAvoy, Dr. John 326
Moffitt, Dr. William 326
Mullen, Charles J 326
Mooney, James 335
Michener, H 348
Miller, William F 351
Milligan, James • • 35^
Miller, J. Benjamin 351
Myers, M. Webster 35S
Murphy, Robert T 369, 532
Maris, Matthias 370
Morrison, Miss Margaret M 370
Moyer,John B 373
Markle, John 373
Murray, John H 373
Middleton, Oscar Newton 389
Meehan, Thomas . . . • 3S9
Michener, Charles F 417, 421
Marsden, Miss Mattie 417
Morris, Lizzie 41S
Maxwell, Miss 421
Morrison, Miss Sallie 429
Mulrenan, John J 4.V)
Marks, J. N 443
Miller, Dr. John S 469
Murray, John M 479
Milligan, William J 480
Murray, Dr. Bayard 483
MacBean, John P 492
MofTett, James, Jr 511
Michener, Jesse H 519, 587
Miller, Anna B 519
Maguire, William F 523
Mann, Charles A 523
Martin, William F 523
Mars, Robert 523
Moran, William J 531, 535
Marvin, William C 531
Montanye, Edward Y 531
Mills, Jacob 532
Martindale, Dr. Joseph C 535
Michener, Elmer E 535
Milliken, Rev. Samuel J 536
Moore, Davis 546
MacDonald, William 549
Milligan, John 549
Moore, D. Edward 564
Mann, William B 572
Muckl6, M. Richards 572
Mitchell, James T 576
Massey, Jane T 590
Miller, L. W 59^
Miller, Mary A 601
Macintosh, Dr. Wm 618
Morris, Wm. H 618
Meredith, Edward 620
Mitchell, John C 620
Maxwell, John 620
Mohler, Wm. C 62a
Muth, Arthur A. • 620
Maier, William 620
Milligan, Thomas 620
664
Page.
Martin, Dominick 620
Manning, Ach'ison 620
Maynard, Merrill & Co. ... 624
Mount Vernon Institute 634
McGowan, Peter 10, 246
McMichael, Morton 16, 18, 28, 134, 137
McCIure, Charles 21
McCallister, James W. T 22
Mclntyre, William no, 610
McMurtrie, Henry 133
McClune, James 138, 325 572
McVickar, Rev. Wm. N • 141
McMahon, Thomas F 231
McGuire, Elizabeth A 235
McManus, Mrs. Mary A 235, 589
McGucken, James 239
McCuUen, Michael F 239
McGettigan, Mary T 245
McNeil, Rose 245
McKeown, Lizzie 245
Mclntire, James . 246
McCIellan, General George B 251
McGeoy, Michael 252
McDonoufh, Anna J 261
McGonegal, Miss Sarah 269
McCormick, Miss Anna 1 270
McNichol, James Frederick 282
McCalla, Edwin 293
McAdam, Dr. Alex. H 293
McClure, Mabel 299
McAnirland, James 313
McBride, William 318
McManes, James 326
McLaughlin, William H 331
McLaughlin, Robert J 347, 590
McKinney, Miss Anna J 347
McNeil, John 389
McCuIlough, Thomas 409
McGowan, E. L 418
McGowan, James 422
McCoy, Robert 422
McFadden, Robert 430
McLeod, George 1 443
McGonigle, D. B 457
McAlpine, Miss 483
McAlpine, Martha 491
McCoy, Miss Elizabeth 520
McFarland, William F 536
McConnell, Miss Mary 545, 549
McCaughey, John A 549
McCracken, James 549
McKean, William V 572
McCarthy, Henry J 576
McCartney, James S 577
McCleary, Alex. J 577
McLoughlin, Miss E. V 582
McDowell, Theodore L 587
McHenry, Joseph A 620
McReynolds, Samuel 620
McVey, John Joseph 626
McCarron, John 638
McManus, M 640
McCaul, Charles 641
Page.
Norris, Charles 16
Nebinger, Dr. Andrew 30, 228
Nathans, Nathan 137
Norris, Isaac 138
Naglee, William P 222
Nebinger, Dr. Robert . . 228
Nebinger, Dr. George W 22S
North, Alonzo 231
Nagle, Mary 235
Nicholson, Zella R 245
Nolan, James 25S
Neely, Rev. T. B 270
North, Col. George H 270
Newland, Francis 278
Nagle, Charles 294
Nichols, Edward 304
Noon, Edward F 318
Nutter, Henry P 469
Nellins, George F ... 483
Newhouse, M. Eliza 497
Noon, Thomas 511
Neville, John 535
Neel, Dr. H. A. P 539
Neal, Harry L 576
Naulty, Charles W 620
Oakford,John 16
O'Donnell, Emilie 245
Ogden, John M. . 303
Ouram, Dr. Charles 313
Obermiller, Lewis 318
Olwine, Samuel N 422
Ortlipp, 1 440
Overn, Sarah J 465
Ott, Dr. Lambert 469
O'Neill, M. Henry 523
O'Keefe, John C 549
Ogden, John L 576
Ordway, John M 597
Ogden, Robert C 598
Oughton, John 618
Olcott, John M 624
Proudfit, Jane 10
Parker, Alexander 16
Porter, Governor 21
Parsons, A. V 21, 134
Peters, James 22, 137
Pollock, William J 29, 109, 483
Pennypacker, Samuel W 108
Peale, Professor 133
Patterson, R. M 134
Potter, Bishop 137
Pattison, Robert E 141, 257, 577
Peterson, John H 222
Phillips, David 231
Patrick, Joseph 235
Peirce, Thomas May 236, 303 576
Parker, William Henry 245, 594
Patterson, Susan E 257
Parke, Margaret J 257
Pryor, Frank J., Jr 266
Price, William P 266
Page, Dr. Charles Alfred 282
Paul, Bettle 293
665
Page.
Paist, Dr. H. C 300
Potter, Thomas 310
Parker, Melville B 3x3
Plotts, Conley 325
Pollock, James 326
Paist, Robert M 335
Peacock, Dr. William 351
Payne, Henry C 385
Pollock, George J 430
Pentridge, Miss 443
Piper, Miss Virginia C 465, 579, 590
Peirce, Moses 480
Pretlyman, Miss 480
Pearce, Albert 492
Pittman, Miss Jennie 509
Potter, Miss Kate 509
Passmore, Mrs. Susan 510
Prince, Linnaeus A 523
Pavitt. William H 523
Parry, Samuel D 531
Payne, Henry C 535
Pancoast, Charles E 536
Pilkington, Sarah J . 563
Pattison, Robert E 572, 598
Pepper, William 572
Peltz, Richard 576
Pritrhard, Miss Margaret S 5S0, 587
Patton, Simon N 585
Pendleton, Miss Charlotte 597
Park, Eno<;h D 620
Patterson, William J 620
Poulson, Andrew R 634
Pennsylvania Gas Fixture Co 636
Parkview Publishing Co 639
Philadelphia Institute 643
Pierson, Charles L 643
Phillips & Moon 642
Peterson & Co., E. H 644
^uirk, Michael 398
Reed, Joseph 10
Ronaldson, James 10
Roberts, Spencer , . . . . 22
Reed, William J 22
Rhoads, Joseph R 34, 114, 520
Rorke, Allen B 38
Robinson, Thomas A 89
Roese, Frederick A 134
Rhoads, James 138,281, 520
Riche, George Inman 138, 269, 576, 589
Russell, Miss Jennie 227, 590
Ritchie, Mrs. Josephine 228, 582
Reade, John Augustus 231
Ricketts, Gustavus A 231
Remig, Dr. John H 239
Rosenthal, Dr. David A 239
Reed, Jacob 252
Ray, Samuel 252, 620
Randall, Samuel J 257
Rawlins, Sarah S 261
Russell, James Alexander 266
Robinson, Margaret 277
Rovoudt, Peter 293
Reakhart, Joseph 293
Pag-.
Roiher, Oscar E 294
Rockenburg, George 300
Randall, Charles A 303, 590, 594
Ridge, Louis A 309
Rainier, Mary S 317
Ruhl, George W 318
Robertson, Dr. William Egbert 318
Robinson, Joseph 325
Roney, William J 326, 576
Roney, Johnson 326
Rowland. Henry V 335
Ridgway, Walter S 361
Righter, John 370
Ring, William 373
Ryan, Isaiah T 373
Rowland, Harvey, Jr 398
Rtiwland, Dr. A. H. C 409
Rowan, W. Ellwood 443
Roach, Dr. Walter W 469
Russell, Joshua 4S3
Rogers, William 492
Ross, David H 492
Rodgers, Dr. Robert 511
Ruch, George W 511
Rickards, George 511
Riehl, Martin M 511
Rittenhouse, Charles 511
Ranier, Charles H 535
Rhawn, William H 536
Ryer«=s, Robert W 536
Rowland, Horace B 539
Rogers, William J 546
Russell, Joseph 549
Reiff, Jacob W 564
Roat, H. L 564
Rambo, Ormond 564
Ridgway. John J 575
Rex, Walter E 576
Remington, Mrs. Isaac 5S2
Ryan, Amelia M 594
Rawle, Francis 598
Rupp, George P 609
Ramsey, William H 620
Ross, H. H 620
Riley, Mrs. Elizabeth 620
Ruhl, William P 6ao
Ritter, Morris H 620
Ranck, John W 620
Rambo, Ormond 620
Roberts, Henry R 640
Stewardson, Thomas 10
Steele, John 16
Stevens, Thaddeus 17
Sickles, William H 22
Sutter, Charles J 22
Shippen, Edward 22, 24, 25. 299, 572
Stanton, M. Hall 28, 30, 282, 293, 454
Steel, Edward T 30, 145, 373
Sickel, James F. C 33. 4 ». 53» 440» 535
Sheppard, Isaac A 34. 3^, 39» U', K9> 3^7
Shallcross, Thomas 34> ii5f 539
Stevens, John S 38
Spangler, Andrew M 38, 93, 179
Singer, Edgar Arthur 4'. 56, 4»i» 549. 5^
6t)6
Page.
Shock, George \V 41, 236
Schaefler, Dr. Nathan C 63, 585
Stille, Dr. Charles J loi
Saxton, Joseph 132
Shaw, Professor 133
Sanderson, Professor 133
Scheide, Samuel 138
Smart, George 138
Smyth, Albert Henry 140
Sa> re, William L 179. »^3. »«5. 576, 587
Swarlz, Martha 227
Smith, A. Thomas 228
Schall, John W 231
Simon, W. P 239
Steen, Margaret T 245
Seary, William Notson 246
Smyth, Thomas, Jr 246
Snyder, John F 246
Sayre, Alfred V 251
Shcdden, John 257
Sheeran, Frank P 258
Sidle, John P 258
Sage, Amelia 261
Sellers, Edwin Jaquett 266
Shedaker, Strickland Kneass 266
Stirling, William 269
Scott, Miss S. Matilda 269
Schiedt, John F 270
Smith, Miss Lydia C 277
Steinmetz, Dr. Daniel 278
Stewart, Dr. William S 278
Smith, Dr. Jos. R 278
Smith, Theodore 278
Struthers, Miss Margaret 281
Shembs, Dr. John 282
Schlaefer, Peler 288
Saunders, Macpht-rson 293
Sutter, Charles 293
Stokes, Elizabeth 293
Schadt, Oliver G. J 294
Schmidt. Frederick A 294
Stephens. Dr. William S 299
Stirling, William 299
Smith, H. R 299
Stager, Henry John 300
Smith, Dr. E. L 300
Sayre, George M 303
Stout, George H 303, 418, 439, 587, 601
Stuart, George H 303
Schmitt, Peter ' 304
Swift, Edward F 304
Shock, George W 309
Snyder, Miss 310
Seeler, E. V 313
Sine.xson, Dr. Justus 313
Sturgis, George F 313
Sickel,J. Fletcher 317
Stcigerwald, A. S 318
Sharp, M. P 325
Schmidt, William 326
Spiel, George Q 326
Steif, Andrew J 326
Sidebotham, Dr. H. L 335
Shoyer, Fred'kJ 351
Smith, Henry W 351
Page.
Sawyer, Mrs. Llewellyn A 361
Smith, David Simpson 361
Satterson, James 370
Stott, Miss Eliza E 370
Schofield, Benjamin 373
Singer, Charles A 397, 535
Shearer, Jacob 398
Smedlcy, Franklin 398
Shallcross, John 398
Sides, Jacob H 405, 601
Scull, Charles Francis 409
Smith, Eugene 418
Sterne, Miss 421
Spallen, Miss Anna M 421
Simmons, John 430
Stull, A. Frank 430
Steinmetz, Daniel 443
Smith, William M 443, 574
Stryker, Samuel S 443
Stovell, James A 443
Stout, David H 454, 563, 587. 601
Sherlock, Hamilton W 457
Stuckey, William A 457
Sites, J.J 457
Shourds, David H 469
Snodgrass, Miss M. E 480
Samuel, Dr. William H., A. M. Ph. D. . . 491, 590, 577, 593
Simpson, Sallie F 491
Smith, Oscar E 492
Smullen, Cornelius 492
Saul, Charles G 49^
Spratt. William 498
Sweelon, Isaac 498
Suplee, Mary F 519
Strode, Jacob C 523
Swift, Robert G 53t
Smith, M. C 53'
Shallcross, Charles 532
Smith, Joshua B 535
Sibbald, Dr. John 536
Shallcross, Frank 539
Singley, Charles 549
Shisler, Joseph 549
Siddons, Lottie K 549
Smith, James W 549
Stevens, Kate E 563
Schlect, Olivia 563
Sensor, Susan E 563
Spencer, William D 564
Shock, C.J 564
Siegener, William F 564
Snowden, George R 572
Staake, William H 574
Sellers, David W 576
Sensenderfer, John P. J 576
Singcrly, William M 577
Singer, Jacob 578
Schober, Frederick 578
Symonds, Mrs, T. H 579
Sartain, Miss Emily 580
Saul, Mrs. C. G 5^2
Stout, Mrs. George H 582
Skidmore, Sydney T 586
Shallcross, Elizabeth B 594
Struthers, Margaret W 601
667
Page.
Steele, William 6i8
Severn, Thomas Y 6i8
Stuart. George 6i8
Smurth, William L 620
Steinbach, Geor^ W 620
Severs, B. F 620
Stone, David Hanly 620
Stirling, Archibald 620
Suplee, Jonas 620
Security Trust 62S
Sharpless & Watts 628
Sturts, Ernest H 634
Stewart, George W 636
Schrack & Sherwood 636
Silver, Burdett & Co 639
Shappell, J. M 640
School Supply Publishing Co 644
Taylor, Moses 10
Thomas, Jonathan 16
Thomas, Evan W., Jr 16
Thomas, Joseph T 22
Taylor, Samuel 22, 288
Taylor, Franklin 139
Thompson, Robert Ellis . . . .141, 149, 303, 326, 585, 597
Tadd, J. Liberty 206, 209
Toland, Andrew J 222
Trainer, Henry J 239
Turnbull, Dr. Charles S 270
Thomas, Joel 278
Talmage, Rev. T. DeWitt 299
Thompson, Elihu 303, 576
Tuttle, John Baker 335
-Thomas, J. Morton 357, 601
Thomas, Mrs. Emma V 369. 370, 586, 599
Trites, Dr. David T 373
Thomas, John J 373
Topham, Charles H 389
Thomas, A. B 469
Thomas, M. Louise 532
Tomlinson, Isaac 539
Tomlinson, Augusta T 539
Toms, William 549
Thomas, Laura S 563
Teller, Benjamin F 572
Townsend, George Alfred 573
Tait, Miss Elizabeth S 579, 590
Taylor, Dr. J. Madison 585
Todd, M. Anna 590
The Pancoast Ventilator Co 635
Teacher, The 637
Thompson Brothers 643
Upperman, Charles A 335
Uhler, Dr. H. N 373
United Firemen's Insurance 628
Vaux, Roberts 9, 10, 14. 15, 16
Van Kirk, Mrs. M. L 62
Vanfleet, Charles H 118, 564
Vogdes, William 132
Vaux, Richard 134, 257
Vogdes, Edward W 138
Vankirk, Jos. B 304
Van Houten, George J 443
Veditz, William 620
P-ge.
Woelpper, David 10
Wilson, Maria 10
Watson, Samuel F 10
Warner, Joseph 16
Williams, Anna Maria 16
Wharton, George M 21. 22, 137
Warren, Benjamin F 22
Warthman, Samuel S 22
Widener, Peter A. B 29, 466
Whitney, James S 3o» 179
Wright, Richardson L 30, loi, 179, 269,398, 610
Watts, D. H 3S
Wright, Miss Mary 58, 310
Williams, Anna VV 62
Williams, Dr. Martin Henry 92, 300
Wilson, Dr. Matthew J 97. 35'
Walton, Rudolph S 09, 373, 610
Wrigley, William 112, 510
Wines, Enoch 132
Wilson, Joseph W 13S
Willis, Henry 140
Wright, Dr. A. T. W 154. 3^5
Wight, Dr. John G 165. 175
Wilson, Miss Anna 227
Welsh, William L 227
Watson, Samuel F 227. 235
Welsh, William 231
Welsh, Charles 236
Wright, Isaac 246
Wells, Dr. William H 252
Widmayer, C. Augustus 257
Wright, Elizabeth . . 257
White, Grace 257
Wood, William Wallace 261, 2S1
Warwick, Charles F 269, 277, 49S
Whittington, Henry B 277, 549
Wadsworth, Exlward D 278
Warg, Dr. Edwin C 2S2
Willard, Mary S 2S7
Wagner, Charles M 293
Watson, James S 293
Warner, Henry 299
Wright, Rebecca S 299
Wright, Miss Daisy T 299
Watson, James V 300
Watson, Brock 300
Wolfe, James H 3<»
Warner, Henry 300
Weaver, George Warren 304
White, Jacob C, Jr 304
Wolf, Miss Sarah E. 310
Wood, Thomas 310. 313
Whitney, James S 310
Woodruff, J. Addison 313
Weigner, Miss Emeline 326
Wignall, Charles F 335
Watson, Marmaduke 34^, 4'^
Walter, William H 35*
Walton, Harrison 357
Walton, Harrison 35^
Wood, Andrew 370
Wood, Elizabeth 370
Worrell, Miss Catharine 37"
Winpenny, James B 373
Wilhere, Maurice F 373
66<l
Page.
Willard, James Monroe 386, 587
Warner, John S 389
Wood, Samuel 389
Wilmot, David 398
Wakeling, Samuel 398
Wilson, Theodore M 398
Wilson, Miss Sarah H 406
Wimer, Millard D 409
Worrell, T. Worcester 418, 532
Wilson, George F 421
Webster, Albert 422
Wagner, Frederick M 422
Widener, Henry B 430
Wilson, Alexander 440
Warren, B. F 443
Wacker, Jacob Frederick. Jr 469
Woodnutt, Clement A 469
Wallace, Mary A 479. 590
Warwick, Julia 480
Watson, T. C 480
Wallace, Andrew B 483
Wheeler, George 497
Woodruff, Henrietta 510
Woodin, Percival S 531
Wright, Dr. R. J 532
Weaver, Dr. Chandler 536
Waterman, Humphrey J 539
Wilson, William Bender 539
Williamson, LuranaJ 545
Wallace, Lillie 545
Whittingham, Alexander J 549
Walker, Charles 564
Wagner, General Louis 572
Pilge.
Woodruff, Clinton Rogers 575
Wahl, William H 576
Winslow, Stephen N 577
White, Stephen W 578
Webb, Miss Anna C 579
Wilson, Mrs. L. L. W 582, 586
Witmer, Dr. Lightner 585
Wallace, Miss Lillian 586, 599
Wiltbank, William W 597
Whitney, Joseph S 597
Wasserman, Miss H. C 599
Wolfe, James H 620
Willaredt, Herman 620
Weaver, William W 620
Winter, Henry 620
Wright, Julian P 620
Worman, George W 620
Wisler & Son, L H 623
Whiting Paper Company 642
Young, John L 278
Young, Mahlon D 278
Yeager, George 309
Young, John Russell 325
Young, James H 469
Yearsley, John H 469
Young, Joseph E 483
Yerkes, W. Austin 536
Young, William L 564
Zeigler, George K 293
Zeigler, Dr. W. M. L 469
Zeigler, G. W 620
f ■' J
t
I
i
Index — Illustrations, School Build ing^s
and School Rooms
Page.
Inside View of a Lancasterian School Room 8
Lincasterian School Room, Inside View 8
Model School ii
Chester Street School 1 1
Old Central High School, Juniper and Market Streets . 19
Athenaeum Building 31
Office of the Board of Public Education 69
Board of Public Education Building 69
Zane Street School Building 69
Seal of the Board of Public Education 119
Central High School, S. E. cor. Broad and Green Streets 135
Central High School (New), S. W. cor. Broad and Green
Streets 143
Girls* High School, Seventeenth and Spring Garden
Streets 151
Girls' Normal School, Sergeant Street above Ninth . . 155
Teachers* Institute, Sergeant Street above Ninth ... 155
Girls' (New) Normal School, N. VV. cor. Thirteenth and
Spring Garden Streets 159
Girls' (New) Normal School, N. VV. cor. Thirteenth and
Spring Garden Streets, Assembly Room 163
Assembly Room, Girls' (New) Normal School 163
Biological Room, Girls' (New) Normal School . . . . 167
Girls' (New) Normal School, Biological Room 167
Gymnasium in Girls' High School, Seventeenth and
Spring Garden Streets 171
Gills' High School, Seventeenth and Spring Garden
Streets, Gymnasium 171
Central Manual Training School 177
Northeast Manual Training School 181
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School ... 191
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School, Kin-
dergarten Department 195
James Forten Elementary Manual Training School,
Wood-working Department 199
Wood-working Department, James Forten Elementary
Manual Training School 199
Industrial Art School 203
Industrial Art School, Clay Modeling 207
Clay Modeling, Industrial Art School 207
Blackboard Drawing, Teachers' Classes, Industrial Art
School 211
Industrial Art School, Teachers* Classes, Blackboard
Drawing 211
Industrial Art School, Teachers' Classes, Freehand
Blackboard Drawing 213
Blackboard Drawing, Teachers' Classes, Freehand
Blackboard Drawing 213
John H. Taggart School 219
William Welsh School 223
671
Page.
VVeccacoe School 225
Wharton School 229
John Stockdale School 233
Mount Vernon School 237
Beck School 241
Thomas B. Florence School 243.
Ringgold School 247
William M. Meredith School . . . .• 249
Horace Binney School 253
George M. Wharton School 255
Northeastern School 259
U. S. Grant School 263
Octavius V. Catto School 267
James A. Garfield School 271
Hollingsworth School 273.
Locust Street School 275
Keystone School 279
Northwestern School 283
John Agnew School 285
Northern Liberties School 289
Beideman School 291
Mifflin School 295
E. M. Paxson School 297
Wyoming School 301
Hancock School 305
Roberts Vaux School 307
Monroe School (now Roberts Vaux School) 307
Lincoln School 311
Thaddeus Stevens School 315
Jefferson School . . .^19
Landenberger School 321
William A. Lee School 323
John Moffett School . 327
John Moffett School, Interior View 329
Vaughan School ^■^^
Alexander Adaire School ... ^^y
Alexander Adaire School, Interior View 339
Alexander Adaire School, Interior View 341
Chandler School 343
S. A. Douglass School 345
Douglass School 345
John Welsh School 349
William F. Miller School 353
WMIliam H. Hunter School 355
Park Avenue School 359
James Lynd School 363
Daniel Webster School 365
Rutledge School 367
Levering School, Front View 371
Levering School, Rear View 375
Page.
Levering School, Interior View 377
Levering School, Hallway 379
Manayunk School 381
Fairview School 383
Germantown School 387
C. W. Schaeflfer School 391
A. G. Curtin School 393
Coulter Street Secondary School, Blackboard Exercises . 395
Blackboard Exercises, Coulter Street Secondary School . 395
Marshall School 399
Alexander Henry School 401
Henry Herbert School 403
E. Spencer Miller School 407
Belmont School 411
Morton McMichael School 413
Haverford School 415
John H. Webster School 419
Henry W. Halliwell School 423
George B. McClellan School 425
Barton School 427
George W. Childs School 431
Francis M. Drexel School 433
Francis M. Drexel School, Interior View 435
Jackson School 437
Newton School (Boys) 441
Newton School (Girls) 445
Paschalville School 447
Woodland Avenue School 449
Newton School, Primary 451
Forest School 455
Glenwood School 459
M. Hall Stanton School 461
Kenderton School 463
George G. Meade School 467
William D. Kelley School 471
Elisha Kent Kane School 473
Eldward Gratz School 475
Reynolds School 477
E. M. Stanton School 481
Chester A. Arthur School 485
Page.
William S. Peirce School 487
A. G. Curtin School 4S9
John S. Hart School 493
Henry Armitt Brown School 495
James L. Claghorn School 499
Joseph Singerly School 501
James G. Blaine School 503
Camac School 505
Thomas H. Powers School 507
Thomas Potter School 513
Asa Packer School 515
William Cramp School 517
Norris J. Hoffman School 521
Martha Washington School 525
Jesse George School . 527
Heston School 529
Henry Disston School . . 533
Octagon School 537
Joseph Brown School 541
Watson Comly School 543
James Logan School 547
Gustavus A. Benson School 551
Gustavus A. Benson Kindergarten School 553
Landreth School ^^
Delaplaine McDaniel School 557
Girard School 559
Franklin School , 561
Cambria School 565
Oakdale School 567
Teachers' Institute 591
Philadelphia Public Library No. i . 611
Free Library, Branch No. i 611
I. H. Wisler & Son 623
Friends' Book Association 624
American Book Co. . . 625
Keystone Plaster Co 633
McCaul, Charles 641
Burk & McFetridge Co 645
Index — Portraits
Page.
Allaire, Alexander 96, 605
A nshutz, Joseph W 127
Austin, Joseph D 127
Atwell, Mrs. C. A 266
Abrahams, Alexander 304
Allen, Miss Selena 347
Arnhold, William H 386
Axe. William Wells 398
Allen, Thomas R 430
.\bbot, Charles Frederick 454
Allen, Abraham I 498
Brooks, Dr. Edward 50
Beale, Albert B 119
Bache, Alexander Dallas 132
Begley, Mrs. Helen B . 236
Boyd, Joseph George 252
Baer, David R ... 325
Buck, William H 358
Berger, Thomas Elliott 430
Bland, George P 44©
Brelsford, Charles H. . . 497, 5S6
Brown, William W 497
Baillie, Miss Elizabeth 532
Biddle, Charles 574
Burns, David R 627
Boswell. William R 628
Briggs, A. J 642
Campbell, John Marie 80
Cook, J. H 127
Cassell, John D. . . . . . 127
Campbell, Hon. James 154
Cregar, Philip A 157
Cliff, George H 174, 5»5
Crawford, Lieut. Robert 179
Cornman, Oliver P 281
Carson, William H .310
Cozens, Smith D 310
Cordery, Miss Deborah I ... 358
Clarke, Charles H 406
Caskey. William J 453- 594
Caskey, Miss Elizabeth 497, 590
CoUaday. Charles M 509
Comly, Watson 535
Cornell, Watson 54^
Dick, William 119
Drake, L. K 119
Duling, Thomas K 222
Page.
Dunton, Miss Ro.salleJ 251
Durham, Thomas 265
Davis, Samuel B 282
Edmunds, Henry Reeves 94, 610
Evans, Mordecai Dawson 278
Elmes, Miss Cornelia W 439, 593
Ervin, William E 536
Estabrook, Mrs. Ci. 1 581
Epley, Mrs. Emma 607
Fetter, Cieorge W 158
Fox, Hannah A 193
Freeborn, James 278
Freeston, Harry F 282
Fanshawe, John R 572
Gloninger, John Philip 82
Gratz, Simon 85
Grace, Thomas A 91
Gaw, James 127
Gentry, Thomr.s (i.. Sc. I) 26a
Gilpin, Hood . 270
Good, J. Lewis 270
Gaskill, Thomas F^lwoiid ... 313
Gideon, Edward .... 465, 587, 601
Hover, Miss Addie S 49
Hortz, Philip S 73
Harrington, Avery D 75
Hallowell, Miss Anna 83
Hughes, James 95
Huey, Samuel Baird 107
Hubbert, Harvey II .111
Haig, George 117
Halliwell, Henry W. . . 119
Hughes, Thomiis A 123
Hardin, John D 123
Hammond, Andrew F 123
Humphries, Lena A 123
Hoopes, Lewis P 127
Hart, John S 133
Hopper, Zepliani ah • I39i 607
Hutchin, Daniel W 288
Hughes, James 326
Haines, William C . . 357
Hart, Levi C 373
Henry, Alexander 397
Hamill, Miss Josephine 417
Horn, George 1 421
673
Page.
Hausman, George 520
Hawkes, C»eorge Barclay 573
Howard, Daniel VV 575
Houston, Edwin James 576
Hopper, Harry Shelmirc 577
Halliwell. Mrs. Henry VV 579
Hutchin. Mrs. I). VV 5^2
Johnson, Henry Clark 140
Jacobs, Miss Ella 299
Johnson, Mrs. B. Frank 581
Kirby, Miss Lydia A 55
Kain. Charles Henry 57, 599
Kavanagh, Paul 105
Kingston, Harry T 239
Kendrick, Mrs. (Jeorge VV.Jr. . . 579
Lukens, William H. R .90
Lewis, Edward 103
Lowery, (ieorge N - 231
Lukens, Rinaldo Abrum 287
Lamberton, Miss Mary J 429
Lawrence, John S . . 453
Lane, Dr. Dudley VV 457
Lewis, John F 571
Long, William Jolin 574
Morrison, Andrew J. ... 52, 586
Mason, William Albert 60
Mackenzie, Miss Constance 61
Murphy, Joseph D 77
Manning, William J jH
Morton, Dr. Thomas G S7
Merchant, Thomas Edward 98
Morgan, Charles E., Jr 100
Marchment. Thomas VV 104
Mumford, Mrs. Mary K 108
Moore, Henry 119
Merchant, Edward 123
Mecutchen, Samuel 132
Maguire, Nicholas H 137
Moyer, John VV^ 180
Mann. Dr. Joseph 1 231
Murphy, Joseph D 239
Maxwell, Miss Mary 245, 594
Manning, William J 246
Macfarlane, Dr. Andrew 257
Muller, Bernhard Ci 287
Myers, M. Webster 357
Murphy, Robert T 369
Middleton, Oscar Newton . . 3S6
Michener, Charles F 417
Murray, John M ... 4S0
Milligan, William J 480
Michener, Jesse H 519
Maguire, William F 520
Moran, William J 532
Maltern. Dr. Wm. K 563
Mc.VIicliael, Morton 18
MacAlister, Dr. James 33
MacBean, John P 492
MacDonald, William 549
Mclntyre, William no
Page
McManus, Mrs. M. A 236
McAdam, Dr. A. H 294
McLaughlin, VVMIliam H ^i
McLaughlin, Robert J 347
Nichols. Edward 304
Noon, Thomas 510
Neel, Dr. H. A. P s^^h
Olwine, Samuel N. . .
Pollock, William J. .
Peterson, John H. . . .
Parker. William Henry
Piper, Miss Virginia C.
Pollock, William J. . .
Pearce, Albert ....
Pattison, Robert E. . .
Piper, Miss Virginia C.
Peterson, E. H
Peterson, Carl A. . . .
41S
109
. . 222
24. ^. 594
465
470
492
57 >
644
644
Rhoads, Joseph R 114
Ruff, William S 123
Riche, George Inman .13?*
Ritchie, Mrs. Josephine 228, 580
Ramsey, John S., M. D 262
Rother, Oscar E ... 294
Ridge, Louis A 309
Ring, William 373
Roach, Dr. Walter 466
Rodgers, Dr. Robert .510
Rhoads, James ... 5ig
Randall, Charles A .SS9
Rupp, George P . . . hin
Stevens, Thaddeus 17
Shippen, Exlward 24
Stanton, M. Hall 2S
Steel, Edward T 30
Sickel, James F. C 5,;
Singer, Edward Arthur . . 56
Schaeffer, Dr. Nathan C 63
Spangler, Andrew M 93
Shallcross, Thomas 115
Sayre, William L 185
Snyder, John F 246
Sheeran, Frank P 258
Shedaker, Strickland Kneass ... 265
Scott, Miss S. Matilda 269
Stager, Henry John ^o*.
Sickel, J. Fletcher 31-
Sheppard, Isaac A 31S
Shoyer, Frederick J 3^s
Smith, Henry VV 34S
Singer, Charles A 39-
Smedley, Franklin 39S
Sides, Jacob H 405
Scull, Charles Franklin 406
Simmons, John ^29
Stout, George H 439, 601
Sherlock, Hamilton W 457
Samuel, William H., A. M., Ph. D 491, 589, 593
Saul, Charles G 49S
'v-i
Page.
Stout, David U 563, 587
Spencer, William D 564
Taylor, Franklin 139
Thompson, Robert Ellis 149
Tadd.J. Liberty 209
rpperman, Charles A. . . 332
Vaux, Roberts 13
Vanfleet, Charles H 118
Van Hoiiten, (Jeor^e J 440
Vanfleet. Charles H. . 564
Wright, Miss Mary 58
Williams, Dr. Martin Henry ... 92
Pase.
Wilson, Dr. Matthew J 97
Walton, Rudolph S 99
Wright, Richardson L 101
Wrigley, William 112
Wright, Dr. A. T. W 154
Wight, Dr. John G 175
Willard, James Monroe 1S6, 585
Widmsiyer, C. Augustus 25H
Whittington. Henry B 277
Wood, Thomas 313
Wignall, Charles F ',32
Webster, Albert . . 4i«
Wallace, Andrew B 479
Whitlingham, Alexander J 549
Wallace, Miss Mary A . . 590
Ziegler, Dr. W. M. L.
466
675
Index — Special Mention
Page.
VVisler & Son. I. H 623
Maynard, Merrill iS: C<» 624
Olcott, J. M 624
Friends' Book Association 624
American Book Company 625
McVey's Book Store 626
(Jinn & Co 626
Christy & Son, Wni 626
Burns, David R 627, 632
Boswell, William R 628
The Security Trust and Life Insurance Co 628
United Firemen's Insurance Co 628
Sharpless tSt Watts 629
Butler & Co., E. H 630
Barnes i<c Co., A. S 630
Kggleston, Rufus E 630
D'Olier Electric Company 631
Gilbert & Bacon 632
Artman-Treichler Co., E. R. . 632
Keystone Phister Co 633
Mount Vernon Institute of Elocution and I.an^^uages . . 634
Sturts, Ernest H 634
Poulson, Andrew R. . . . 634
Pancoast Ventilator Co., The 635
Stewart. George W 636
Pennsylvania (ias Fixture Co 636
Schrack it Sherwood 636
The Teacher 637
Castle & Heilman 637
Gourley, Samuel, Jr (>3b
Howell, L. O., J r 638
McCarron, John 638
Borsch ^ Co.. J. L 639
Parkview Publishing Co 639
Benar, S. B 639
Silver, Burdett ^: Company 639
Shappell.J. M 640
McManus. M 640
Roberts, Henry R 640
Knickerbocker Lime Co 640
McCaul, Charles 641
Phillips & Moon 642
Whiting Paper Co 642
Briggs, A. J 642
Eldredge ^ Bro 642
Thompson Bros 643
Philadelphia Institute 643
Pierson, Charles L 643
Jordan, J. H 644
Peterson, E. H. & Co 644
School Supply Publishing Co 644
Burk Sc McFetridge Co 645
hf
I ndex — Classified
BICYOIiES.
Schrack Sc Sherwood 636
BUIIiDRR AM) UBAIi I^^STATK KXPERT.
Jordan, J. H 644
CAKPKNTKRS AND BUILDRRS.
Christy ^ Son, \Vm 626
Sturts, Ernest H 634
Stewart, Geo. W 636
Gourley, Jr., Samuel 638
McManus, M 640
McCauI, Charles 641
Pierson, Charles L 643
CARPKTS, Olli CLOTH, MATTING, KT(\
Artman-Treichler Co., E. R 632
CHAIRS— HIGH GRADK.
VVislercS: Son, I. H 625
CONTRACTORS.
Christy ^ Son, VVm 626
Burns, David R. . . . f)27. 632
D'OIier Electric Co 631
Sturts, Ernest H 634
Stewart, Geo. VV. . 636
Gourley, Jr., Samuel 63K
McManus, M 640
McCaul, Charles 641
Thompson Bros 643
Pier«ion, Charles L 643
DECORATOR.
.McCarron, John 63S
DOOR HANGERS, CHECKS AND SPRINGS.
Benar, S. B 639
EDUCATIONAL JOURNALS.
The Teacher
Castle Sc Heilman
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS.
D'Olier Electric Company
ELOCUTION AND LANGUAGES.
Mount Vernon Institute
^37
6.37
631
634
ENGINEERS, MANUFACTURERS AND
CONTRACTORS.
Thompson Bros 643
Page.
<;as and electric fixtures.
Pennsylvania Gas Fixture Co 636
HARDWARE, TIN AND SHEET-IRON.
Poulson, Andrew R 634
HEATING AND VENTILATING.
Burns, David R ... 627, 632
Thompson Bros 643
HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTER.
Shappell,J. M 640
INKS AND MUCILAGE.
Barnes ^t Co., A. S 630
INSURANCE.-FIRE.
Ignited Firemen's Insurance Co 62S
INSURANCE.— LI FE.
The Security Trust and Life Insurance Co 62S
LIME.
Knickerbocker Lime Co 640
MAPS AND GRADE-WORK.
Boswell, \Vm. R 62S
MERCHANT TAILORS.
Phillips ^ Moon 642
Peterson & Co., E. H 644
NERVOUS DISEASES.
Philadelphia Institute 643
PHOTOGRAPHERS.
Gilbert i<c Bacon 632
PLASTER.
Keystone Plaster Co 633
PLUMBING, GAS AND STEAM FITTING.
Burns, David R 627, 632
Howell, Jr., L. ( > • 638
PUBLISHERS.
Parkview Publishing Co 639
Burk & McFetridge Co 645
ROOFER.
Roberts, Henry R 640
679
Page
SAFETY SASHF>i.
KgRleslon, Rufus K 6^o
SCHOOL SUPPIilKS.
Friends' Book Association 62.1
Olcott, J. M 624
School Supply Publishin}( Co 644.
SPF:OTACIiF:8 AXI> KYK GIjAHSKS.
Borsch & Co., J. L 639
TKXT-BOOKR.
Maynarii, Merrill ^c i'o 624
American Book Company 625
('.inn «: Co 626
McVey's Book Store 626
Pae''.
Butler^ Co.. E. H 6;,..
Silver, Burdett & (Company ... . . *^y4
Eldredge ^t Bro ^\7
TILKS AN1> mosaic WOllK.
Sharpless ^c Watts '»2<>
VKNTILATOIIS.
The I*ancoast Ventilator ^.v5
WRITING PAPKK.
Whitinjj Paper Co ^^42
WROUGHT IROxV AND BRASS AVORK.
Sharpless tS: Watts 621*
O
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